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Men X, Han X, Lee SJ, Park KT, Han JK, Choi SI, Lee OH. Anti-adipogenic Effects of Sulforaphane-rich Ingredient with Broccoli Sprout and Mustard Seed in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:526-538. [PMID: 35577064 DOI: 10.1055/a-1853-7101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucoraphanin (GRA) is a precursor of sulforaphane (SFN), which can be synthesized by the enzyme myrosinase. In this study, we developed and validated HPLC analytical methods for the determination of GRA and SFN in mustard seed powder (MSP), broccoli sprout powder (BSP), and the MSP-BSP mixture powder (MBP), and evaluated their anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that the analysis methods were suitable for the determination of GRA and SFN in MSP, BSP, and MBP. The content of GRA in BSP was 131.11 ± 1.84 µmol/g, and the content of SFN in MBP was 162.29 ± 1.24 µmol/g. In addition, BSP and MBP effectively decreased lipid accumulation content without any cytotoxicity. Both BSP and MBP significantly inhibited the expression of adipogenic proteins and increased the expression of proteins related to lipolysis and lipid metabolism. BSP and MBP inhibited the expression of adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, BSP and MBP also increased the expression of the lipolysis-related proteins, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1). Moreover, MBP exerted anti-adipogenic to a greater extent than BSP in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresourece Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Kwon Han
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresourece Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Shen Q, Zhong YT, Liu XX, Hu JN, Qi SM, Li K, Wang Z, Zhu HY, Li XD, Wang YP, Li W. Platycodin D ameliorates hyperglycaemia and liver metabolic disturbance in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:74-86. [PMID: 36504256 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the ameliorative effects of platycodin D (PD), a major active chemical ingredient isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), on high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice. PD treatment (2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1) improved HFD-induced body weight gain. PD administration also decreased the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and improved glucose and insulin tolerance levels. These data collectively showed that PD could maintain glucose homeostasis. In addition, the diabetic mice with PD treatment also showed fewer pathological changes in liver tissues and improved hepatic functional indexes with respect to the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and recovery of abnormal liver function caused by T2D. Except for these, PD decreased the decomposition of hepatic glycogen. The results from western blot analysis showed that PD treatment might regulate the hepatic gluconeogenesis pathway with the increased phosphorylation/expression of AMPK and decreased expressions of PCK1 and G6Pase. In the aspect of lipid metabolism, PD decreased the whole-body lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and reduced the hepatic fat accumulation induced by T2D through the AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 fatty acid anabolism pathway. In addition, the results of molecular docking showed that PD may have a potential direct effect on AMPK and other key glycolipid metabolism proteins. To summarize, PD modulation of hepatic glycolipid metabolism abnormalities is promising for T2D therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Shen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu-Te Zhong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xiang-Xiang Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Si-Min Qi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ke Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xin-Dian Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
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Duansak N, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Srisawat U. Anti-Obesity Effect of Rice Bran Extract on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:172-179. [PMID: 35919566 PMCID: PMC9309069 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity involving adipose tissue growth and development are associated with angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. Rice bran has antioxidant and cardioprotective properties, and can act as a food supplement with potential health benefits, such as lowering blood pressure, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that rice bran extract (RBE) can regulate adipose tissue growth and obesity. Male Institute of Cancer Research mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and then supplemented with 220 and 1,100 mg/kg/d RBE while the low-fat diet group (control) were not. In addition to body weight, adipose tissue mass, and vessel density, we evaluated the mRNA expression of angiogenic factors such as matrix metalloproteinases, Mmp-2, Mmp-9, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Administration of RBE to HFD-induced obese mice reduced the body weight and adipose tissue mass compared with untreated mice. It also decreased blood vessel density in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, RBE downregulated Vegf and Mmp-2 mRNA levels in visceral fat tissue. These results demonstrate that RBE, at high concentrations, significantly reduces adipose tissue mass and prevents obesity development in HFD-induced obese mice, which might be partly mediated via an anti-angiogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphatsanan Duansak
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-04121, USA
| | - Umarat Srisawat
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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de Campos Zani SC, Son M, Bhullar KS, Chan CB, Wu J. IRW (Isoleucine-Arginine-Tryptophan) Improves Glucose Tolerance in High Fat Diet Fed C57BL/6 Mice via Activation of Insulin Signaling and AMPK Pathways in Skeletal Muscle. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061235. [PMID: 35740257 PMCID: PMC9220315 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IRW (Isoleucine−Arginine−Tryptophan), has antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties in cells and animal models and prevents angiotensin-II- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced insulin resistance (IR) in vitro. We investigated the effects of IRW on body composition, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced insulin resistant (IR) model. C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD for 6 weeks, after which IRW was incorporated into the diet (45 or 15 mg/kg body weight (BW)) until week 14. IRW45 (at a dose of 45 mg/kg BW) reduced BW (p = 0.0327), fat mass gain (p = 0.0085), and preserved lean mass of HFD mice (p = 0.0065), concomitant with enhanced glucose tolerance and reduced fasting glucose (p < 0.001). In skeletal muscle, IRW45 increased insulin-stimulated protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation (p = 0.0132) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation (p < 0.001). Angiotensin 2 receptor (AT2R) (p = 0.0024), phosphorylated 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) (p < 0.0124) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (p < 0.001) were enhanced in skeletal muscle of IRW45-treated mice, as was the expression of genes involved in myogenesis. Plasma angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) activity was increased (p = 0.0016). Uncoupling protein-1 in white adipose tissue (WAT) was partially restored after IRW supplementation. IRW improves glucose tolerance and body composition in HFD-fed mice and promotes glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via multiple signaling pathways, independent of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Catherine B. Chan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (S.C.d.C.Z.); (C.B.C.)
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6885; Fax: +1-780-492-4346
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Liquiritigenin Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells via mTOR-Mediated Regulation of the Autophagy Mechanism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061287. [PMID: 35334944 PMCID: PMC8954126 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquiritigenin (LQG) is a natural flavonoid from the herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch that exhibits multiple biological activities. However, its specific role in antiobesity and its related underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The primary purpose of this study is to explore the effects and regulatory mechanisms of LQG on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results show that LQG significantly reduced triglyceride levels and downregulated the expression of transcription factors such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, the expression of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) involved in lipogenesis was reduced by treatment with LQG. The protein expression levels of light chain 3B (LC3B), autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) and p62 were also modulated by LQG, leading to the suppression of autophagy. Further, LQG activated the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the inhibition of which was followed by the restored expression of autophagy-related proteins. Pretreatment with an mTOR inhibitor also reverted the expression of several genes or proteins involved in lipid synthesis. These results suggest that LQG inhibited lipid accumulation via mTOR-mediated autophagy in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes, indicating the role of LQG as a potential natural bioactive component for use in dietary supplements for preventing obesity.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Shi C, Wang S, Wang X, Lü X. A review on the potential use of natural products in overweight and obesity. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1990-2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Shuxuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Caihong Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
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Verma P, Joshi BC, Bairy PS. A Comprehensive Review on Anti-obesity Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Bioactive Compounds. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220211162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is a complex health and global epidemic issue. It is an increasing global health challenge covering significant social and economic costs. Abnormal accumulation of fat in the body may increase the health risks including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancer. Synthetic drugs available on the market reported to have several side effects. Therefore, the management of obesity got to involve the traditional use of medicinal plants which helps to search the new therapeutic targets and supports the research and development of anti-obesity drugs.
Objective:
This review aim to update the data and provide a comprehensive report of currently available knowledge of medicinal plants and phyto-chemical constituents reported for their anti-obesity activity.
Methodology:
An electronic search of the periodical databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Niscair, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar with information reported the period 1991-2019, was used to retrieve published data.
Results:
A comprehensive report of the present review manuscript is an attempt to list the medicinal plants with anti-obesity activity. The review focused on plant extracts, isolated chemical compounds with their mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, clinical studies for further scientific research.
Conclusion:
This review is the compilation of the medicinal plants and their constituents reported for the managements of obesity. The data will fascinate the researcher to initiate further research that may lead to the drug for the management of obesity and their associated secondary complications. Several herbal plants and their respective lead constituents were also screened by preclinical In-vitro and In-vivo, clinical trials and are effective in the treatment of obesity. Therefore, there is a need to develop and screen large number of plant extracts and this approach can surely be a driving force for the discovery of anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Partha Sarathi Bairy
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
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Leonardi BF, Gosmann G, Zimmer AR. Modeling Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rodents. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000249. [PMID: 32978870 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Standardized animal models represent one of the most valuable tools available to understand the mechanism underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to seek for new therapeutic strategies. However, there is considerable variability in the studies conducted with this essential purpose. This review presents an updated discussion of the most recent studies using diverse experimental conditions to induce MetS in rodents with unbalanced diets, discusses the key findings in metabolic outcomes, and critically evaluates what we have been learned from them and how to advance in the field. The study includes scientific reports sourced from the Web of Science and PubMed databases, published between January 2013 and June 2020, which used hypercaloric diets to induce metabolic disorders, and address the impact of the diet on metabolic parameters. The collected data are used as support to discuss variables such as sex, species, and age of the animals, the most favorable type of diet, and the ideal diet length to generate metabolic changes. The experimental characteristics propose herein improve the performance of a preclinical model that resembles the human MetS and will guide researchers to investigate new therapeutic alternatives with confidence and higher translational validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca F Leonardi
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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