1
|
Langhi C, Vallier M, Bron A, Otero YF, Maura M, Le Joubioux F, Blomberg N, Giera M, Guigas B, Maugard T, Chassaing B, Peltier S, Blanquet-Diot S, Bard JM, Sirvent P. A polyphenol-rich plant extract prevents hypercholesterolemia and modulates gut microbiota in western diet-fed mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1342388. [PMID: 38317864 PMCID: PMC10839041 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1342388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Totum-070 is a combination of five plant extracts enriched in polyphenols to target hypercholesterolemia, one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Totum-070 on cholesterol levels in an animal model of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Methods C57BL/6JOlaHsd male mice were fed a Western diet and received Totum-070, or not, by daily gavage (1g/kg and 3g/kg body weight) for 6 weeks. Results The Western diet induced obesity, fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis and increased plasma cholesterol compared with the control group. All these metabolic perturbations were alleviated by Totum-070 supplementation in a dose-dependent manner. Lipid excretion in feces was higher in mice supplemented with Totum-070, suggesting inhibition of intestinal lipid absorption. Totum-070 also increased the fecal concentration of short chain fatty acids, demonstrating a direct effect on intestinal microbiota. Discussion The characterization of fecal microbiota by 16S amplicon sequencing showed that Totum-070 supplementation modulated the dysbiosis associated with metabolic disorders. Specifically, Totum-070 increased the relative abundance of Muribaculum (a beneficial bacterium) and reduced that of Lactococcus (a genus positively correlated with increased plasma cholesterol level). Together, these findings indicate that the cholesterol-lowering effect of Totum-070 bioactive molecules could be mediated through multiple actions on the intestine and gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Auriane Bron
- UMR 454 Microbiologie Environnement DIgestif et Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | - Niek Blomberg
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thierry Maugard
- Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources Pour la Santé), UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- UMR 454 Microbiologie Environnement DIgestif et Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Générale et Appliquée, UFR de Pharmacie, ISOMer-UE 2160, IUML-Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral-FR3473 CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bragagnolo FS, Álvarez-Rivera G, Breitkreitz MC, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A, Funari CS. Metabolite Profiling of Soy By-Products: A Comprehensive Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7321-7341. [PMID: 35652359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soy is the major oilseed crop as soybeans are widely used to produce biofuel, food, and feed. Other parts of the plant are left on the ground after harvest. The accumulation of such by-products on the soil can cause environmental problems. This work presents for the first time a comprehensive metabolite profiling of soy by-products collected directly from the ground just after mechanical harvesting. A two-liquid-phase extraction using n-heptane and EtOH-H2O 7:3 (v/v) provided extracts with complete characterization by gas chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography both coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 146 metabolites, including flavones, flavonols, isoflavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids, were tentatively identified in soy by-products and soybeans. These proved to be sources of a wide range of bioactive metabolites, thus suggesting that they could be valorized while reducing potential environmental damage in line with a circular economy model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Sanchez Bragagnolo
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo - 18610-034, Brazil
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cristiano Soleo Funari
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo - 18610-034, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Barghchi H, Pahlavani N, Barati M, Amiri Y, Fadel A, Khosravi M, Talebi S, Arzhang P, Ziaei R, Ghavami A. Biological and pharmacological effects and nutritional impact of phytosterols: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:299-322. [PMID: 34729825 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols (PSs), classified into plant sterols and stanols, are bioactive compounds found in foods of plant origin. PSs have been proposed to exert a wide number of pharmacological properties, including the potential to reduce total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and thereby decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Other health-promoting effects of PSs include anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Also, anticancer effects have been strongly suggested, as phytosterol-rich diets may reduce the risk of cancer by 20%. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the available evidence regarding the beneficial physiological and pharmacological activities of PSs, with special emphasis on their therapeutic potential for human health and safety. Also, we will explore the factors that influence the physiologic response to PSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasaman Amiri
- Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdulmannan Fadel
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Talebi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pishva Arzhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutritional Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Juste C, Gérard P. Cholesterol-to-Coprostanol Conversion by the Gut Microbiota: What We Know, Suspect, and Ignore. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1881. [PMID: 34576776 PMCID: PMC8468837 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, up to 1 g of cholesterol, composed of the unabsorbed dietary cholesterol, the biliary cholesterol secretion, and cholesterol of cells sloughed from the intestinal epithelium, enters the colon. All cholesterol arriving in the large intestine can be metabolized by the colonic bacteria. Cholesterol is mainly converted into coprostanol, a non-absorbable sterol that is excreted in the feces. Interestingly, cholesterol-to-coprostanol conversion in human populations is variable, with a majority of high converters and a minority of low or inefficient converters. Two major pathways have been proposed, one involving the direct stereospecific reduction of the Δ5 double bond direct while the indirect pathway involves the intermediate formation of 4-cholelesten-3-one and coprostanone. Despite the fact that intestinal cholesterol conversion was discovered more than a century ago, only a few cholesterol-to-coprostanol-converting bacterial strains have been isolated and characterized. Moreover, the responsible genes were mainly unknown until recently. Interestingly, cholesterol-to-coprostanol conversion is highly regulated by the diet. Finally, this gut bacterial metabolism has been linked to health and disease, and recent evidence suggests it could contribute to lower blood cholesterol and cardiovascular risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Gérard
- AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Curci F, Cavalluzzi MM, Milani G, Clodoveo ML, Radojčić Redovniković I, Cellamare S, Franchini C, Mandracchia D, Corbo F. Phyllostachys Pubescens: From Traditional to Functional Food. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1933020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Curci
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M. M. Cavalluzzi
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G. Milani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M. L. Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - S. Cellamare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - C. Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - D. Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - F. Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mazzocchi A, De Cosmi V, Risé P, Milani GP, Turolo S, Syrén ML, Sala A, Agostoni C. Bioactive Compounds in Edible Oils and Their Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:659551. [PMID: 33995124 PMCID: PMC8119658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.659551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and inflammatory response are recognized as strictly related, and interest in exploring the potential of edible fats and oils for health and chronic diseases is emerging worldwide. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in fish oil (FO), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be partly converted into oxygenated bioactive lipids with anti-inflammatory and/or pro-resolving activities. Moreover, the co-presence of phenolic compounds and vitamins in edible oils may prevent the development of chronic diseases by their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Finally, a high content in mono-unsaturated fatty acids may improve the serum lipid profile and decrease the alterations caused by the oxidized low-density lipoproteins and free radicals. The present review aims to highlight the role of lipids and other bioactive compounds contained in edible oils on oxidative stress and inflammation, focusing on critical and controversial issues that recently emerged, and pointing to the opposing role often played by edible oils components and their oxidized metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Turolo
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie-Louise Syrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdulaziz Abbod Abdo A, Zhang C, Lin Y, Liang X, Kaddour B, Wu Q, Li X, Fan G, Yang R, Teng C, Xu Y, Li W. Xylo-oligosaccharides ameliorate high cholesterol diet induced hypercholesterolemia and modulate sterol excretion and gut microbiota in hamsters. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|