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Yan Z, Gui Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Wen C, Olatunji OJ, Suttikhana I, Ashaolu TJ. Gastrointestinal digestion of food proteins: Anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory mechanisms of the derived peptides. Food Res Int 2024; 189:114573. [PMID: 38876600 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Food proteins and their peptides play a significant role in the important biological processes and physiological functions of the body. The peptides show diverse biological benefits ranging from anticancer to antihypertensive, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory, among others. In this review, an overview of food protein digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and the mechanisms involved was presented. As some proteins remain resistant and undigested, the multifarious factors (e.g. protein type and structure, microbial composition, pH levels and redox potential, host factors, etc.) affecting their colonic fermentation, the derived peptides, and amino acids that evade intestinal digestion are thus considered. The section that follows focuses on the mechanisms of the peptides with anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory effects. As further considerations were made, it is concluded that clinical studies targeting a clear understanding of the gastrointestinal stability, bioavailability, and safety of food-based peptides are still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yan
- Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yang Gui
- Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiaohai Zhang
- Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Chaoling Wen
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu City 241000, Anhui, China.
| | | | - Itthanan Suttikhana
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1645/31a, 370 05 České Budějovice 2, Czechia.
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.
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Boga B, Akbulut M, Maytalman E, Kozanoglu I. Effect of milk and whey on proliferation and differentiation of placental stromal cells. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:391-401. [PMID: 37655272 PMCID: PMC10465414 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS), which is widely used in cell culture media, has the potential to cause medical and ethical problems. Here, an experimental study using milk or whey proteins containing essential nutrients and growth factors is presented to limit the use of FBS in cell culture media produced for cell and tissue regeneration. Study groups were formed by culturing human placenta mesenchymal stem cells, known to have high proliferation and differentiation capacity, with milk or whey solution at increasing concentrations, alone or in combination with FBS. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities of proliferating cells were observed in FBS, milk or whey groups. Milk, whey or FBS groups obtained in P3 and after differentiation were separately analyzed for protein mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2), Octamer-binding Transcription Factor 4 (OCT4), Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 (BMP6), and adipogenic differentiation marker Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) were analysed by RT-qPCR. Proliferation was more pronounced in FBS alone and in its combinations with milk-whey compared to the groups in which only milk and whey were used. OCT4 mRNA and FGF2 mRNA expression decreased in differentiated cells. BMP6 mRNA expression increased with osteogenic and adipogenic stimuli. As expected, PPRG expression also increased with adipogenic stimulation. With this experimental study, evidence has been obtained that milk or whey can provide nutritional support to the culture media of repair cells and preserve the functional capacity of the cells, with a slightly more limited capacity than FBS. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-023-00585-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bircan Boga
- School of Medicine, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Akbulut
- School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Maytalman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Kozanoglu
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Center, Başkent University, Adana, Turkey
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Guarisco G, Giordano M. Gender Differences in Insulin Resistance: New Knowledge and Perspectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7845-7861. [PMID: 37886939 PMCID: PMC10605445 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the main mechanism in a whole series of pathological conditions, which are not only of metabolic interest but also of a systemic type. This phenomenon means that the body's cells become less sensitive to the hormone insulin, leading to higher levels of insulin in the blood. Insulin resistance is a phenomenon that can be found in both men and women and in particular, in the latter, it is found mainly after menopause. Premenopause, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, and the presence of estrogen can affect insulin sensitivity. Androgens, such as testosterone, are typically higher in men and can contribute to insulin resistance. In both sexes, different human body types affect the distribution and location of body fat, also influencing the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is also associated with some neurological and neurogenerative disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, atherosclerosis, and some of the main neoplastic pathologies. A healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and self-maintenance, can help to prevent the onset of insulin resistance, regardless of gender, although the different habits between men and women greatly affect the implementation of preventative guidelines that help in fighting the manifestations of this metabolic disorder. This review may help to shed light on gender differences in metabolic diseases by placing a necessary focus on personalized medical management and by inspiring differentiated therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Gloria Guarisco
- Diabetology, University Sapienza of Rome, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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Rai C, Priyadarshini P. Whey protein hydrolysates improve high-fat-diet-induced obesity by modulating the brain-peripheral axis of GLP-1 through inhibition of DPP-4 function in mice. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2489-2507. [PMID: 37154934 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a growing global health concern. Recent literature indicates a prominent role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in glucose metabolism and food intake. The synergistic action of GLP-1 in the gut and brain is responsible for its satiety-inducing effect, suggesting that upregulation of active GLP-1 levels could be an alternative strategy to combat obesity. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an exopeptidase known to inactivate GLP-1, suggesting that its inhibition could be a crucial strategy for effectively extending the half-life of endogenous GLP-1. Peptides derived from partial hydrolysis of dietary proteins are gaining traction due to their inhibitory activity on DPP-4. METHODS Whey protein hydrolysate from bovine milk (bmWPH) was produced using simulated in situ digestion, purified using RP-HPLC, and characterized for DPP-4 inhibition. The antiadipogenic and antiobesity activity of bmWPH was then studied in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFD) mice model, respectively. RESULTS The dose-dependent inhibitory effect of bmWPH on the catalytic activity of DPP-4 was observed. Additionally, bmWPH suppressed adipogenic transcription factors and DPP-4 protein levels, leading to a negative effect on preadipocyte differentiation. In an HFD mice model, co-administration of WPH for 20 weeks downregulated adipogenic transcription factors, resulting in a concomitant reduction in whole body weight and adipose tissues. Mice fed with bmWPH also showed a marked reduction in DPP-4 levels in WAT, liver, and serum. Furthermore, HFD mice fed with bmWPH exhibited increased serum and brain GLP levels, which led to a significant decrease in food intake. CONCLUSION In conclusion, bmWPH reduces body weight in HFD mice by suppressing appetite through GLP-1, a satiety-inducing hormone, in both the brain and peripheral circulation. This effect is achieved through modulation of both the catalytic and non-catalytic activity of DPP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Rai
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Wang W, Yang W, Dai Y, Liu J, Chen ZY. Production of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides with Potential Application in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37027889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity is increasing worldwide. Bioactive peptides are naturally present in foods or in food-derived proteins. Recent research has shown that these bioactive peptides have an array of possible health benefits in the management of diabetes and obesity. First, this review will summarize the top-down and bottom-up production methods of the bioactive peptides from different protein sources. Second, the digestibility, bioavailability, and metabolic fate of the bioactive peptides are discussed. Last, the present review will discuss and explore the mechanisms by which these bioactive peptides help against obesity and diabetes based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Although several clinical studies have demonstrated that bioactive peptides are beneficial in alleviating diabetes and obesity, more double-blind randomized controlled trials are needed in the future. This review has provided novel insights into the potential of food-derived bioactive peptides as functional foods or nutraceuticals to manage obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Agostini D, Gervasi M, Ferrini F, Bartolacci A, Stranieri A, Piccoli G, Barbieri E, Sestili P, Patti A, Stocchi V, Donati Zeppa S. An Integrated Approach to Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081802. [PMID: 37111021 PMCID: PMC10141535 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in muscle mass and function represents one of the most problematic changes associated with aging, and has dramatic effects on autonomy and quality of life. Several factors contribute to the inexorable process of sarcopenia, such as mitochondrial and autophagy dysfunction, and the lack of regeneration capacity of satellite cells. The physiologic decline in muscle mass and in motoneuron functionality associated with aging is exacerbated by the sedentary lifestyle that accompanies elderly people. Regular physical activity is beneficial to most people, but the elderly need well-designed and carefully administered training programs that improve muscle mass and, consequently, both functional ability and quality of life. Aging also causes alteration in the gut microbiota composition associated with sarcopenia, and some advances in research have elucidated that interventions via the gut microbiota-muscle axis have the potential to ameliorate the sarcopenic phenotype. Several mechanisms are involved in vitamin D muscle atrophy protection, as demonstrated by the decreased muscular function related to vitamin D deficiency. Malnutrition, chronic inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, and an imbalance in the muscle-gut axis are just a few of the factors that can lead to sarcopenia. Supplementing the diet with antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, proteins, kefir, and short-chain fatty acids could be potential nutritional therapies against sarcopenia. Finally, a personalized integrated strategy to counteract sarcopenia and maintain the health of skeletal muscles is suggested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessia Bartolacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stranieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Human Science for Promotion of Quality of Life, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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Ishikawa F, Matsubara T, Koyama T, Iwamoto H, Miyaji K. Whey protein hydrolysate mitigates both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e737. [PMID: 36444621 PMCID: PMC9639455 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is important to control both inflammation and immunosuppression after severe insults, such as sepsis, trauma, and surgery. Endotoxin tolerance is one of the immunosuppressive conditions and it has been known that endotoxin tolerance relates to poorer clinical outcomes in patients with severe insults. This study investigated whether whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) mitigates inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells. METHODS Endotoxin tolerance can be experimentally reproduced by two consecutive stimulations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). THP-1 cells were incubated with LPS and WPH (first stimulation). After collecting the culture supernatant to evaluate the effect on inflammation, the cells were washed and restimulated by 100 ng/ml LPS (second stimulation). The culture supernatant was again collected to evaluate the effect on endotoxin tolerance. Concentrations of LPS and WPH in the first stimulation were adjusted to evaluate their dose dependency. Cytokine levels in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the student's t-test or Dunnett's test. RESULTS Five mg/ml WPH significantly decreased interleukin (IL)-6 (p = .006) and IL-10 (p < .001) levels after the first LPS stimulation (1000 ng/ml). WPH significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p < .001) and IL-10 (p = .014) levels after the second LPS stimulation. The suppressive effect of WPH on inflammation and endotoxin tolerance was dependent on the concentrations of LPS and WPH. The effective dose of WPH for endotoxin tolerance was lower than its effective dose for inflammation. CONCLUSION WPH mitigated both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance. Therefore, WPH might be a candidate for valuable food ingredients to control both inflammation and immunosuppression after severe insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuka Ishikawa
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
| | - Takeshi Matsubara
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
| | - Takahiro Koyama
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Miyaji
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
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The Enteric Glia and Its Modulation by the Endocannabinoid System, a New Target for Cannabinoid-Based Nutraceuticals? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196773. [PMID: 36235308 PMCID: PMC9570628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a part of the autonomic nervous system that intrinsically innervates the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Whereas enteric neurons have been deeply studied, the enteric glial cells (EGCs) have received less attention. However, these are immune-competent cells that contribute to the maintenance of the GI tract homeostasis through supporting epithelial integrity, providing neuroprotection, and influencing the GI motor function and sensation. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) includes endogenous classical cannabinoids (anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol), cannabinoid-like ligands (oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)), enzymes involved in their metabolism (FAAH, MAGL, COX-2) and classical (CB1 and CB2) and non-classical (TRPV1, GPR55, PPAR) receptors. The ECS participates in many processes crucial for the proper functioning of the GI tract, in which the EGCs are involved. Thus, the modulation of the EGCs through the ECS might be beneficial to treat some dysfunctions of the GI tract. This review explores the role of EGCs and ECS on the GI tract functions and dysfunctions, and the current knowledge about how EGCs may be modulated by the ECS components, as possible new targets for cannabinoids and cannabinoid-like molecules, particularly those with potential nutraceutical use.
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The Novel Peptide Chm-273s Has Therapeutic Potential for Metabolic Disorders: Evidence from In Vitro Studies and High-Sucrose Diet and High-Fat Diet Rodent Models. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102088. [PMID: 36297523 PMCID: PMC9611607 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel peptide potentially applicable for the treatment of metabolic conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We identified CHM-273S from the list of peptides from milk hydrolysate obtained by HPLC/MS-MS. In vitro analysis of primary murine fibroblasts indicated the potential of CHM-273S to upregulate IRS2 mRNA expression. CHM-273S showed a prominent anorexigenic effect in mice with the induction of a key mechanism of leptin signaling via STAT3 in the hypothalamus as a possible effector. In the animal model of metabolic disease, CHM-273S alleviated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and induced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and Thr308 in the hepatocytes of high-sucrose diet-fed rats. In a murine model of T2D, CHM-273S mitigated high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and improved low-grade inflammation by diminishing serum TNFα. Mice treated with chronic CHM-273S had a significant reduction in body weight, with a lower visceral fat pad weight and narrow adipocytes. The effects of the peptide administration were comparable to those of metformin. We show the potential of CHM-273S to alleviate diet-induced metabolic alterations in rodents, substantiating its further development as a therapeutic for obesity, T2D, and other metabolic conditions.
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Rizzetti DA, Corrales P, Uranga-Ocio JA, Medina-Gómez G, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Miguel M, Wiggers GA. Potential benefits of egg white hydrolysate in the prevention of Hg-induced dysfunction in adipose tissue. Food Funct 2022; 13:5996-6007. [PMID: 35575219 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effects of egg white hydrolysate (EWH) on the lipid and glycemic metabolism disruption in the white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction induced by mercury (Hg). Experimental: Wistar rats were treated for 60 days: control (saline, intramuscular - i.m.); hydrolysate (EWH, gavage, 1 g kg-1 day-1); mercury (HgCl2, i.m., 1st dose 4.6 μg kg-1, subsequent doses 0.07 μg kg-1 day-1) and hydrolysate-mercury (EWH-HgCl2). Hg level and histological analyses were performed in epididymal WAT (eWAT), pancreas and liver. GRP78, CHOP, PPARα, PPARγ, leptin, adiponectin, and CD11 mRNA expressions were analyzed in eWAT. The plasma lipid profile, glucose, and insulin levels were measured. Antioxidant status was also evaluated in the plasma and liver. Results: EWH intake prevented the reduced eWAT weight, adipocyte size, insulin levels, and antioxidant defenses and the increased glucose and triglyceride levels induced by Hg exposure; hepatic glutathione levels were higher in rats co-treated with EWH. The increased mRNA expression of CHOP, PPARα, and leptin induced by Hg was reduced in co-treated rats. EWH did not modify the elevated mRNA expression of GRP78, PPARγ and adiponectin in Hg-treated rats. Increased levels of Hg were found in the liver; the co-treatment did not alter this parameter. EWH prevented the morphological and metabolic disorder induced by Hg, by improving antioxidant defenses, inactivating pro-apoptotic pathways and normalizing the mRNA expression of PPARs and adipokines. Its effects enabled an increase in insulin levels and a normal balance between the fat storage and expenditure mechanisms in WAT. Conclusions: EWH may have potential benefits in the prevention and management of Hg-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danize Aparecida Rizzetti
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Corrales
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Uranga-Ocio
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain. .,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain.
| | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Cardiac Electromechanical and Vascular Reactivity Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Marta Miguel
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Kang L, Han T, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Recent research progress of biologically active peptides. Biofactors 2022; 48:575-596. [PMID: 35080058 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of molecular biology and biochemical technology, great progress has been made in the study of peptides. Peptides are easy to digest and absorb, with lowering of blood pressure and cholesterol, improving immunity, regulating hormones, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Peptides also have physiological regulation and biological metabolism functions with applications in the fields of feed production and biomedical research. In the future, the research focus of bioactive peptides will focus on their efficient preparation and application. This article introduces a comprehensive review of the types, synthesis, functionalization, and bio-related applications of bioactive peptides. For this aim, we introduced in detail various biopeptides and then presented the production methods of bioactive peptides, such as enzymatic synthesis, microbial fermentation, chemical synthesis, and others. The applications of bioactive peptides for anticancers, immune therapy, antibacterial, and other applications have been introduced and discussed. And discussed the development prospects of biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Kang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Li CW, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N, Jiang Z, Liu T, Ma S, Luo L, Guang L, Liang K, Ma W, Miao H, Cao W, Liu R, Jiang LJ, Yu SL, Li C, Liu HJ, Xu LY, Liu RJ, Zhang XY, Liu GS. Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:781-794. [PMID: 35106971 PMCID: PMC8977978 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated obesity and muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) are intimately connected and are reciprocally regulated by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle dysfunction. During ageing, adipose inflammation leads to the redistribution of fat to the intra-abdominal area (visceral fat) and fatty infiltrations in skeletal muscles, resulting in decreased overall strength and functionality. Lipids and their derivatives accumulate both within and between muscle cells, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbing β-oxidation of fatty acids, and enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance, as well as enhanced secretion of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. In turn, these muscle-secreted cytokines may exacerbate adipose tissue atrophy, support chronic low-grade inflammation, and establish a vicious cycle of local hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation that spreads systemically, thus promoting the development of sarcopenic obesity (SO). We call this the metabaging cycle. Patients with SO show an increased risk of systemic insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, associated chronic diseases, and the subsequent progression to full-blown sarcopenia and even cachexia. Meanwhile in many cardiometabolic diseases, the ostensibly protective effect of obesity in extremely elderly subjects, also known as the 'obesity paradox', could possibly be explained by our theory that many elderly subjects with normal body mass index might actually harbour SO to various degrees, before it progresses to full-blown severe sarcopenia. Our review outlines current knowledge concerning the possible chain of causation between sarcopenia and obesity, proposes a solution to the obesity paradox, and the role of fat mass in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hefan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Juan Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Lin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, China (Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Jun Liu
- Department of nursing & Clinical Nutrition, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Yu Xu
- Department of Sport Physiatry, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Ji Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Department of stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gao-Shan Liu
- Department of Health Education, Shijingshan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
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13
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McAdam JS, Lyons KD, Beck DT, Haun CT, Romero MA, Mumford PW, Roberson PA, Young KC, Lohse KR, Roberts MD, Sefton JM. Whey Protein Supplementation Effects on Body Composition, Performance, and Blood Biomarkers During Army Initial Entry Training. Front Nutr 2022; 9:807928. [PMID: 35330708 PMCID: PMC8940516 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.807928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assesses if a lower dose of whey protein can provide similar benefits to those shown in previous work supplementing Army Initial Entry Training (IET) Soldiers with two servings of whey protein (WP) per day. Eighty-one soldiers consumed one WP or a calorie matched carbohydrate (CHO) serving/day during IET (WP: n = 39, height = 173 ± 8 cm, body mass = 76.8 ± 12.8 kg, age = 21 ± 3 years; CHO: n = 42, 175 ± 8 cm, 77.8 ± 15.3 kg, 23 ± 4 years). Physical performance (push-ups, sit-ups, and a two-mile run) was assessed during weeks two and eight. All other measures (dietary intake, body composition, blood biomarkers) at weeks one and nine. There was a significant group difference for fat mass (p = 0.044) as WP lost 2.1 ± 2.9 kg and had a moderate effect size (Cohen's d: −0.24), whereas the CHO group lost 0.9 ± 2.5 kg and had only a small effect size (d: −0.1). There was no significant group-by-time interaction on fat-free mass (p = 0.069). WP gained 1.2 ± 2.4 (d: 0.1) and CHO gained 0.1 ± 3 (d: 0) kg of FFM on average. There was a significant group by week 1-fat free mass interaction (p = 0.003) indicating individuals with higher initial fat-free mass benefitted more from WP. There were no group differences for push-up (p = 0.514), sit-up (p = 0.429) or run (p = 0.313) performance. For all biomarkers there was a significant effect of time as testosterone (p < 0.01), testosterone to cortisol ratio (p = 0.39), and IGF-1 (p < 0.01) increased across training and cortisol (p = 0.04) and IL-6 (p < 0.01) decreased. There were no differences in groups across IET for any of the biomarkers. We conclude one WP serving is beneficial for FM and for FFM in soldiers with high baseline FFM but may not significantly alter biomarker response or physical performance of IET soldiers who have high relative dietary protein intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. McAdam
- School of Kinesiology, Warrior Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Kaitlin D. Lyons
- School of Kinesiology, Warrior Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Darren T. Beck
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (Auburn Campus), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Cody T. Haun
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Fitomics, LLC, Pelham, AL, United States
| | - Matthew A. Romero
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Petey W. Mumford
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Paul A. Roberson
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Kaelin C. Young
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (Auburn Campus), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Keith R. Lohse
- Neurorehabilitation Informatics Lab, Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michael D. Roberts
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (Auburn Campus), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - JoEllen M. Sefton
- School of Kinesiology, Warrior Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: JoEllen M. Sefton
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14
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Rivera ME, Rivera CN, Vaughan RA. Branched-chain amino acids at supraphysiological but not physiological levels reduce myotube insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3490. [PMID: 34397159 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are often emphasized in the diets of avid exercisers, yet population data demonstrates a correlation between circulating BCAA and insulin resistance. However, it is unclear if BCAA independently promote insulin resistance in otherwise healthy cells. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a BCAA mixture on muscle insulin signaling in vitro in both insulin resistant and sensitive cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS C2C12 myotubes were treated with a BCAA mixture containing leucine:isoleucine:valine at a ratio of 2:1:1 at 0.2, 2, or 20 mM (based on leucine content) for either 30 min, 1 day, or 6 days. Western blot was used to assess insulin sensitivity of cells treated with BCAA both with and without concurrent insulin resistance, and, with and without insulin stimulation. RESULTS BCAA treatment for 1 day significantly reduced basal, but not insulin-stimulated pAkt expression. BCAA treatment for 6 days resulted in significantly reduced basal insulin signaling in healthy cells and insulin-stimulated insulin signaling in insulin resistant (but not insulin sensitive) cells. CONCLUSION Similar to previous observations demonstrating BCAA may correlate with insulin resistance during metabolically stressed conditions, we demonstrate excessively high BCAA exposure can negatively influence basal insulin signaling, as well as insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant myotubes. However, given the intentionally high concentrations of BCAA used in this study, the extent to which these observations translate to in vivo models is unclear and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline N Rivera
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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15
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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics for the Detailed Characterization of Short Endogenous Peptides in Milk By-Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216472. [PMID: 34770881 PMCID: PMC8587072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of cheese-making has long been part of human food culture and nowadays dairy represents a large sector of the food industry. Being the main byproduct of cheese-making, the revalorization of milk whey is nowadays one of the primary goals in alignment with the principles of the circular economy. In the present paper, a deep and detailed investigation of short endogenous peptides in milk and its byproducts (whole whey, skimmed whey, and whey permeate) was carried out by high-resolution mass spectrometry, with a dedicated suspect screening data acquisition and data analysis approach. A total of 79 short peptides was tentatively identified, including several sequences already known for their exerted biological activities. An unsupervised chemometric approach was then employed for highlighting the differences in the short peptide content among the four sets of samples. Whole and skimmed whey showed not merely a higher content of short bioactive peptides compared to whole milk, but also a peculiar composition of peptides that are likely generated during the process of cheese-making. The results clearly demonstrate that whey represents a valuable source of bioactive compounds and that the set-up of processes of revalorization of milk byproducts is a promising path in the obtention of high revenue-generating products from dairy industrial waste.
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16
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17
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D'Souza K, Acquah C, Mercer A, Paudel Y, Pulinilkunnil T, Udenigwe CC, Kienesberger PC. Whey peptides exacerbate body weight gain and perturb systemic glucose and tissue lipid metabolism in male high-fat fed mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:3552-3561. [PMID: 33900305 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of milk-derived whey proteins has been demonstrated to have insulin-sensitizing effects in mice and humans, in part through the generation of bioactive whey peptides. While whey peptides can prevent insulin resistance in vitro, it is unclear whether consumption of whey peptides can prevent obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction in vivo. We sought to determine whether whey peptides consumption can protect from high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low or HF diet for 13 weeks. HF diet fed mice were provided drinking water with no addition (control), undigested whey protein isolate (WPI, 1 mg ml-1) or whey protein hydrolysate (WPH, 1 mg ml-1) throughout the diet regimen. Mice consuming WPH gained more body weight and were more glucose intolerant compared to those consuming WPI or water only. Despite increased body weight gain, perigonadal adipose tissue weight and lipid accumulation were unchanged. However, excess lipids accumulated ectopically in the liver and skeletal muscle in mice consuming WPH, which was associated with elevated inflammatory markers systemically and in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, mitochondrial fat oxidation and electron transport chain proteins were decreased with WPH consumption, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, our results demonstrate that WPH, but not WPI, exacerbates HF-induced body weight gain and impairs glucose homeostasis, which is accompanied by increased inflammation, ectopic fat accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, our results argue against the use of dietary whey peptide supplementation as a preventative option against HF diet-induced metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D'Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada.
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18
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Lee JS, Hyun IK, Yoon JW, Seo HJ, Kang SS. Bioconversion Products of Whey by Lactic Acid Bacteria Exert Anti-Adipogenic Effect. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:145-152. [PMID: 33506224 PMCID: PMC7810400 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial bioconversion using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) provides several human
health benefits. Although whey and whey-derived bioactive compounds can
contribute to an improvement in human health, the potential anti-obesity effect
of whey bioconversion by LAB has not been well studied. This study aimed to
investigate whether bioconversion of whey by Pediococcus
pentosaceus KI31 and Lactobacillus sakei KI36
(KI31-W and KI36-W, respectively) inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation.
Both KI31-W and KI36-W reduced intracellular lipid accumulation significantly,
without decreasing 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation. In addition,
obesity-related transcription factor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
γ) and genes (adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein
lipase) were down-regulated significantly in 3T3-L1 cells in the presence of
KI31-W and KI36-W. Collectively, these results suggest that bioconversion of
whey by LAB exhibits anti-adipogenic activity and may be applied as a
therapeutic agent for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - In Kyung Hyun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
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