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Wang HH, Huang CR, Lin HC, Lin HA, Chen YJ, Tsai KJ, Shih CT, Huang KY, Ojcius DM, Tsai MH, Tseng KW, Chen LC. Magnesium-enriched deep-sea water inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and dampens inflammation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35136. [PMID: 39157306 PMCID: PMC11327587 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an essential component of the innate immune system, but excessive activation can lead to inflammatory diseases. Ion fluxes across the plasma membrane or from intracellular stores are known to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Deep-sea water (DSW) contains high concentrations of many mineral ions, which could potentially influence NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, the impact of DSW on NLRP3 inflammasome activation has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that DSW with water hardness levels up to 500 mg/L did not affect cell viability or the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. However, the DSW significantly inhibited IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation in response to NLRP3 activators such as nigericin, ATP, or monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Mechanically, it was discovered that the presence of 5 mM magnesium ions (Mg2+), equivalent to the Mg2+ concentration found in the DSW with a water hardness of 500 mg/L, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This indicates that Mg2+ contributes to the mechanism by which DSW mitigates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, DSW administration effectively lessens MSU-triggered peritonitis in mice, a commonly used model for examining the impacts of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results show that DSW enriched with Mg2+ could potentially be beneficial in modulating NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Hsiao Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ruei Huang
- Master Program in Biomedicine, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung County, China
- Biomedicine, Agriculture and Food Sciences Research Center, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung County, China
| | - Hsin-Chung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Lin
- Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 105, Taiwan
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 251, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 104, Taiwan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Medical Application, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jou Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 104, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Tien Shih
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Ming-Hang Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital SongShan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 105, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wen Tseng
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
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Ham JY, Jang YK, Jeon BY, Shon YH. Magnesium from Deep Seawater as a Potentially Effective Natural Product against Insulin Resistance: A Randomized Trial. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1265. [PMID: 39202546 PMCID: PMC11355969 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Deep seawater has been shown to restore pancreatic function in obese diabetic mice and considerably improve the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in patients with impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance. In this study, the effect of 12-week daily consumption of magnesium (Mg2+)-containing deep seawater mineral extracts on blood glucose concentration and insulin metabolism-associated indicators was investigated in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Materials and methods: In this 12-week randomized, double-blind trial, patients (n = 37) with impaired glucose tolerance consumed deep seawater mineral extracts. Changes in blood glucose concentration and related indicators were compared between the treatment group and placebo group (n = 38). Results: The fasting insulin, C-peptide, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function, and Stumvoll insulin sensitivity index values in the deep seawater mineral extract group showed improvements compared with the placebo group. However, no significant differences between groups were observed in fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, or incremental area under the curve values. Conclusions: Oral supplementation with deep seawater mineral extracts enriched in Mg2+ markedly improves insulin sensitivity in patients with pre-diabetes. This study illustrates the potential clinical application of natural Mg2+ from deep seawater to alleviate insulin resistance in patients with pre-diabetes. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered with Clinical Research information Service (CRIS), No. KCT0008695, on 8 August 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Ham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 807 Hogukro Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - You Kyung Jang
- QBM Research Institute, QBM Co., Ltd., 7-25 Gangnam-daero 27-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06752, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Yeob Jeon
- QBM Research Institute, QBM Co., Ltd., 7-25 Gangnam-daero 27-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Shon
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 135 Dongdukro Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
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Gheorghe AM, Ciobica ML, Nistor C, Gurzun MM, Sandulescu BA, Stanciu M, Popa FL, Carsote M. Inquiry of the Metabolic Traits in Relationship with Daily Magnesium Intake: Focus on Type 2 Diabetic Population. Clin Pract 2024; 14:1319-1347. [PMID: 39051301 PMCID: PMC11270223 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg), an essential nutrient with a wide area of physiological roles, stands as a cofactor in over 600 enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, DNA repair, neuromuscular functions, neuronal transmission, cardiac rhythm regulation, and the modulation of metabolic pathways, as well as acting as a natural blocker for the calcium channels. Our objective was to highlight the most recent clinical data with respect to daily Mg intake (DMI) and metabolic traits, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a PubMed-based review of the English-language medical papers across different key terms of search; the time frame was from January 2019 until April 2024. We included (clinically relevant) original studies and excluded cases reports, series, reviews, editorials, opinion, experimental studies, and non-human data as well as studies that did not specifically assessed DMI and only provided assays of serum Mg, studies on patients diagnosed with type 1 or secondary DM. A total of 30 studies were included and we organized the key findings into several sections as follows. Studies investigating DMI in relationship with the adherence to local recommendations in diabetic subjects (n = 2, one transversal and another retrospective cohort; N = 2823) found that most of them had lower DMI. Deficient DMI was correlated with the risk of developing/having DM across five studies (n = 5, one prospective and four of cross-sectional design; N = 47,166). An inverse correlation between DMI and DM prevalence was identified, but these data are presented amid a rather heterogeneous spectrum. Four novel studies (N = 7279) analysed the relationship between DMI and DM control according to various methods (HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glycaemia, and insulin); the association may be linear in diabetic subjects only at certain levels of DMI; additionally, the multifactorial influence on HBA1c should take into consideration this dietary determinant, as well, but there are no homogenous results. Three studies concerning DMI and diabetic complications (one cross-sectional, one prospective, and another case-control study) in terms of retinopathy (n = 1, N = 3794) and nephropathy (n = 2, N = 4805) suggested a lower DMI was associated with a higher risk of such complications. Additionally, two other studies (one prospective and one retrospective cohort) focused on mortality (N = 6744), which, taking only certain mortality indicators into consideration, might be decreased in the subgroups with a higher DMI. Seven studies (N = 30,610) analysed the perspective of DMI in the general population with the endpoint of different features amid glucose profile, particularly, insulin resistance. Concerning HOMA-IR, there were three confirmatory studies and one non-confirmatory, while fasting plasma glucose was highlighted as inversely correlated with a DMI (n = 1). The highest level of evidence regarding Mg supplementation effects on glucose metabolism stands on seven randomised controlled trials (N = 350). However, the sample size was reduced (from 14 to 86 individuals per study, either diabetic or pre-diabetic) and outcomes were rather discordant. These clinical aspects are essential from a multidisciplinary perspective and further trials are mandatory to address the current areas of discordant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Gheorghe
- PhD Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (B.-A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihai-Lucian Ciobica
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Rheumatology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudiu Nistor
- Department 4-Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Thoracic Surgery Department, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria-Magdalena Gurzun
- Cardiology Discipline, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Laboratory of Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Exploration, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca-Andreea Sandulescu
- PhD Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (B.-A.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Rheumatology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Stanciu
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Florina Ligia Popa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Park SY, Im JA, Kim JY. Exploring the Effect of Deep-Sea Water on the Therapeutic Potential of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17430. [PMID: 38139257 PMCID: PMC10743565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcers are often exacerbated by factors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and inflammation, and they have a substantial impact on a significant portion of the population. Notably, indomethacin is recognized as a prominent contributor to ulcers. This study investigated this potential method, with normalization to the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer properties of deep-sea water (DSW)-derived mineral water, using an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. The study involved four groups (n = 6 rats/group): normal control group (CON), indomethacin-only group (IND), indomethacin with trace mineral water group (TM), and indomethacin with high magnesium low sodium water group (HMLS). For three weeks, the CON and IND groups consumed tap water, while the TM and HMLS groups had access to mineral water. Gastric ulcers were induced on the final day using indomethacin, for all groups except the CON group. The results demonstrated that HMLS intake significantly improved gastric mucosal damage, preserved mucin stability, and increased gastric thickness, indicating its potential to prevent and alleviate indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. Furthermore, HMLS consumption led to the upregulation of key genes associated with inflammation and a reduction in inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that DSW-derived mineral water, and particularly its high Mg2+ content, may offer promising health benefits including anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (S.-y.P.); (J.A.I.)
| | - Jin A Im
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (S.-y.P.); (J.A.I.)
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (S.-y.P.); (J.A.I.)
- Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
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Nartea R, Mitoiu BI, Ghiorghiu I. The Link between Magnesium Supplements and Statin Medication in Dyslipidemic Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3146-3167. [PMID: 37185729 PMCID: PMC10136538 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many investigations have discovered a connection between statins and magnesium supplements. On one hand, increasing research suggests that chronic hypomagnesemia may be an important factor in the etiology of some metabolic illnesses, including obesity and overweight, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, alterations in lipid metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Chronic metabolic problems seem to be prevented by a high Mg intake combined with diet and/or supplements. On the other hand, it is known that statins lower the frequency of cardiac events, stroke, and mortality, not by lowering LDL-C, but by the capacity to reduce mevalonate formation. That will enhance endothelial function, inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and encourage macrophages to promote plaque stability and regression while reducing inflammation. Taking these factors into consideration, we did an extensive analysis of the relevant literature, comparing the effects of Mg2 and statin medications on lipoproteins and, implicitly, on the key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Nartea
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Brindusa Ilinca Mitoiu
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Agrippa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, 077016 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Ghiorghiu
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
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He S, Peng WB, Zhou HL, Fu XJ, Sun YH, Wang ZG. A Combination of Deep-Sea Water and Fucoidan Alleviates T2DM through Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030462. [PMID: 36986561 PMCID: PMC10053583 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan and deep-sea water (DSW) are attractive marine resources for treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this study, the regulation and mechanism associated with the co-administration of the two were first studied using T2DM rats, induced by a high fat diet (HFD) and streptozocin (STZ) injection. Results demonstrate that, compared to those with DSW or FPS alone, the orally administered combination of DSW and FPS (CDF), especially the high dose (H-CDF), could preferably inhibit weight loss, decrease levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipids, and improve hepatopancreatic pathology and the abnormal Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. The fecal metabolomics data show that H-CDF could regulate the abnormal levels of metabolites mainly through the regulation of linoleic acid (LA) metabolism, bile acid (BA) metabolism, and other related pathways. Moreover, H-CDF could adjust the diversity and richness of bacterial flora and enrich bacterial groups, such as Lactobacillaceae and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis illustrated that the interaction between the gut microbiota and BAs plays an essential role in the action of H-CDF. In the ileum, H-CDF was verified to inhibit activation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) pathway, which is regulated by the microbiota-BA-axis. In conclusion, H-CDF enriched Lactobacillaceae and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, thereby changing BA metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and other related pathways, as well as enhancing insulin sensitivity and improving glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wei-Bing Peng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Hong-Lei Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xian-Jun Fu
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yan-Hua Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Wang
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Thipsawat S. Dietary Consumption on Glycemic Control Among Prediabetes: A Review of the Literature. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231218189. [PMID: 38130469 PMCID: PMC10734347 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231218189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prediabetes is a condition that, if left unaddressed, can lead to various complications, such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Among the critical factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dietary choices stand out as particularly significant. Objective Consequently, our objective is to examine the latest research findings concerning dietary consumption and its impact on glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes. Methods A literature review of randomized controlled trials was performed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with searches conducted from January 2019 to 2023. The primary reviewer assessed the quality of the selected studies for bias risk using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal method for randomized controlled trials. Initially, 975 articles were identified through the search, but after applying the inclusion criteria, only 9 articles were ultimately selected. Results The review found that a carrageenan-free diet, yogurt with Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712, Allium hookeri extract (AHE), and delta-tocotrienol improve HbA1C levels. However, salmon, zinc supplement, and balanced deep-sea water were not effective on HbA1C. In addition, studies on the effectiveness of vitamin D in controlling blood glucose levels are inconsistent. Conclusion Nurses can enhance patient outcomes through collaborative efforts to create individualized dietary strategies. These strategies may encompass the adoption of a carrageenan-free diet, the inclusion of L plantarum OLL2712-enriched yogurt, the utilization of AHE, and the integration of delta-tocotrienol into the dietary plan. This approach is particularly applicable to ambulatory care nurses, health supervisors, and primary care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopida Thipsawat
- The Excellent Center of Community Health Promotion, School of Nursing, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Albaker WI, Al-Hariri MT, Al Elq AH, Alomair NA, Alamoudi AS, Voutchkov N, Ihm S, Namazi MA, Alsayyah AA, AlRubaish FA, Alohli FT, Zainuddin FA, Alobaidi AA, Almuzain FA, Elamin MO, Alamoudi NB, Alamer MA, Alghamdi AA, AlRubaish NA. Beneficial effects of adding magnesium to desalinated drinking water on metabolic and insulin resistance parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial. NPJ CLEAN WATER 2022; 5:63. [PMID: 36408199 PMCID: PMC9660218 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-022-00207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that increasing the consumption of water containing magnesium can improve glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This trial was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the effect of adding different concentrations of magnesium chloride to the desalinated drinking water on the glycemic, metabolic, and insulin resistance parameters among patients with T2DM. A randomized cross-sectional controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding magnesium chloride supplement to desalinated drinking water consumed by patients with T2DM on the glycemic and metabolic parameters and indicators of insulin sensitivity. The total number of patients with T2DM who successfully completed the trial is 102. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: the first group received bottled water without added magnesium (0 mg/L) (Group A, n = 37); the second group received bottled water with a low level of magnesium (20 mg/L) (Group B, n = 33); and the third group received drinking water with a high level of magnesium (50 mg/L) (Group C, n = 32). The daily consumption of elemental magnesium for a period of 3 months resulted in significant improvement in HbA1C (8.0 vs 8.2%, p = 0.04), insulin level (7.5 vs 9.9 μIU/mL, p = 0.03), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA.IR) (2.5 vs 2.9, p = 0.002) in group C. However, there was no significant improvement in fasting blood glucose (FBS) level or lipid profile. The results of this study suggest that oral magnesium supplementation at the given dose of 50 mg/L daily added to drinking water could improve long-term glycemic control indicators and reduce insulin resistance in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed I. Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T. Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Al Elq
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuhad A. Alomair
- Department of Chemistry, Science College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alamoudi
- Desalination Technologies Research Institute, Saline Water Conversation Corporation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikalay Voutchkov
- Desalination Technologies Research Institute, Saline Water Conversation Corporation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seungwon Ihm
- Desalination Technologies Research Institute, Saline Water Conversation Corporation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Namazi
- Desalination Technologies Research Institute, Saline Water Conversation Corporation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Alsayyah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A. AlRubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa T. Alohli
- Department of Family Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Dhahran, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma A. Zainuddin
- Department of Medical Allied Services, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahd Hospital of the University Eastern Province, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A. Alobaidi
- Department of Medical Allied Services, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahd Hospital of the University Eastern Province, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A. Almuzain
- Department of Medical Allied Services, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University -King Fahd Hospital of the University Eastern Province, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed O. Elamin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Naela B. Alamoudi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
- Present Address: Emergency Medicine Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael A. Alamer
- Intern, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alghamdi
- Intern, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafie A. AlRubaish
- Intern, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
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Salehidoost R, Taghipour Boroujeni G, Feizi A, Aminorroaya A, Amini M. Effect of oral magnesium supplement on cardiometabolic markers in people with prediabetes: a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18209. [PMID: 36307427 PMCID: PMC9616938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance and cardiovascular markers in people with prediabetes. A 12 week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Iran, on people with prediabetes (n = 86) to compare the effects of magnesium oxide 250 mg/day versus a placebo on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index, C-reactive protein, uric acid and lipid profile. Both groups had similar distributions of anthropometric and biochemical variables at baseline. Those who received magnesium supplementation had significantly higher levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to the placebo group at the end of the study (49.7 ± 10.9 vs 43.6 ± 7.2 mg/dL, P = 0.003). The mean changes of HOMA-IR index, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid and C-reactive protein levels as well as anthropometric indices and blood pressure in supplemented and placebo groups did not differ significantly. Magnesium supplementation increased HDL-cholesterol levels in people with prediabetes. However, other cardiometabolic markers were not improved by magnesium supplementation at the above dosage and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Salehidoost
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XIsfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golshan Taghipour Boroujeni
- grid.440800.80000 0004 0382 5622Internal Medicine Department, Medical University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XBiostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashraf Aminorroaya
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XIsfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8187698191 Iran
| | - Masoud Amini
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XIsfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8187698191 Iran
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Crosstalk of Magnesium and Serum Lipids in Dyslipidemia and Associated Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051411. [PMID: 33922341 PMCID: PMC8146023 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a significant threat to public health worldwide and the identification of its pathogenic mechanisms, as well as novel lipid-lowering agents, are warranted. Magnesium (Mg) is a key element to human health and its deficiency has been linked to the development of lipid abnormalities and related disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or cardiovascular disease. In this review, we explored the associations of Mg (dietary intake, Mg concentrations in the body) and the lipid profile, as well as the impact of Mg supplementation on serum lipids. A systematic search was computed in PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library and 3649 potentially relevant papers were detected and screened (n = 3364 following the removal of duplicates). After the removal of irrelevant manuscripts based on the screening of their titles and abstracts (n = 3037), we examined the full-texts of 327 original papers. Finally, after we applied the exclusion and inclusion criteria, a number of 124 original articles were included in this review. Overall, the data analyzed in this review point out an association of Mg concentrations in the body with serum lipids in dyslipidemia and related disorders. However, further research is warranted to clarify whether a higher intake of Mg from the diet or via supplements can influence the lipid profile and exert lipid-lowering actions.
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