1
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Wang X, Li L, Liu T, Shi Y. More than nutrition: Therapeutic potential and mechanism of human milk oligosaccharides against necrotizing enterocolitis. Life Sci 2024; 339:122420. [PMID: 38218534 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Human milk is the most valuable source of nutrition for infants. The structure and function of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are key components of human milk, have long been attracting particular research interest. Several recent studies have found HMOs to be efficacious in the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Additionally, they could be developed in the future as non-invasive predictive markers for NEC. Based on previous findings and the well-defined functions of HMOs, we summarize potential protective mechanisms of HMOs against neonatal NEC, which include: modulating signal receptor function, promoting intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis, restoring intestinal blood perfusion, regulating microbial prosperity, and alleviating intestinal inflammation. HMOs supplementation has been demonstrated to be protective against NEC in both animal studies and clinical observations. This calls for mass production and use of HMOs in infant formula, necessitating more research into the safety of industrially produced HMOs and the appropriate dosage in infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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2
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Kassai S, de Vos P. Gastrointestinal barrier function, immunity, and neurocognition: The role of human milk oligosaccharide (hMO) supplementation in infant formula. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13271. [PMID: 38284595 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Breastmilk is seen as the gold standard for infant nutrition as it provides nutrients and compounds that stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development to the infant. However, there are many instances where it is not possible for an infant to be fed with breastmilk, especially for the full 6 months recommended by the World Health Organization. In such instances, infant formula is seen as the next best approach. However, infant formulas do not contain human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs), which are uniquely present in human milk as the third most abundant solid component. hMOs have been linked to many health benefits, such as the development of the gut microbiome, the immune system, the intestinal barrier, and a healthy brain. This paper reviews the effects of specific hMOs applied in infant formula on the intestinal barrier, including the not-often-recognized intestinal alkaline phosphatase system that prevents inflammation. Additionally, impact on immunity and the current proof for effects in neurocognitive function and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. Recent studies suggest that hMOs can alter gut microbiota, modulate intestinal immune barrier function, and promote neurocognitive function. The hMOs 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose have been found to have positive effects on the development of infants and have been deemed safe for use in formula. However, their use has been limited due to their cost and complexity of synthesis. Thus, although many benefits have been described, complex hMOs and combinations of hMOs with other oligosaccharides are the best approach to stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development and for the prevention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kassai
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Dubernat L, Marousez L, Desseyn JL, Gouyer V, Hermann E, Gottrand F, Ley D, Lesage J. [Human milk oligosaccharides play major roles in child development and future health]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:869-875. [PMID: 38018931 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the third largest component of human breast milk (BM). The BM level is comprised between 5 to 20 g per liter and they have a great structural complexity with more than 150 HMO characterized to date. In this review, we present a summary of the main experimental and clinical data that have demonstrated their multiple biological roles in infants such as for gut development, microbiota, immune protection and neurodevelopment. Some HMO-enriched infant formulas are available yet, even if their benefits on the infant health remain to be confirmed. Further researches could allow therapeutic use in preterm newborns or in infants with intestinal diseases. Experimental data suggest that they could also be used in the prevention of some chronic diseases with immunometabolic or neurodevelopmental components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Dubernat
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucie Marousez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Hermann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE, F-59000 Lille, France - Service de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition, département de pédiatrie, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Ley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE, F-59000 Lille, France - Service de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition, département de pédiatrie, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE, F-59000 Lille, France
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4
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Saeed A, Yasmin A, Baig M, Ahmed MA, Farooqi ZUR. Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 isolated from human milk reduce chemokine IL-8 production in response to TNF-α in Caco-2 cell line, an exploratory study. Cytokine 2023; 168:156232. [PMID: 37224578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Streptococci are a predominant genera of the human milk microbiome. Among different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) a few Streptococcal strains are also considered as probiotics. Probiotic bacteria are reported to modulate immunity when consumed in adequate amount and bacterial hydrophobicity can be considered as a preliminary experiment for the adhesive capability of probiotic bacteria to the epithelial cells. The present study aimed to investigate the probiotic, hydrophobic and immune modulation property of Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620, isolated from human milk. S. lactarius MB622 and S. salivarius MB620 displayed higher hydrophobicity (78 % and 59 % respectively) in addition to intrinsic probiotic properties such as gram positive classification, catalase negative activity, resistance to artificially stimulated gastric juice and gastrointestinal bile salt concentration. In conclusion Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 isolated from human milk when administered in sufficient amount and for certain duration could be used to reduce inflammation inside the colon by reducing the production of inflammatory booster (IL-8) in diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saeed
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Baig
- Surgical Unit II, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan
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5
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Dou Y, Luo Y, Xing Y, Liu H, Chen B, Zhu L, Ma D, Zhu J. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Variation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mothers. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061441. [PMID: 36986171 PMCID: PMC10059845 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disease of pregnancy, but with very limited knowledge of its impact on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk. This study aimed to explore the lactational changes in the concentration of HMOs in exclusively breastfeeding GDM mothers and the differences between GDM and healthy mothers. A total of 22 mothers (11 GDM mothers vs. 11 healthy mothers) and their offspring were enrolled in the study and the levels of 14 HMOs were measured in colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk. Most of the HMOs showed a significant temporal trend with decreasing levels over lactation; however, there were some exceptions for 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), Lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFP-II), and Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFP-III). Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) was significantly higher in GDM mothers in all time points and its concentrations in colostrum and transitional milk were correlated positively with the infant’s weight-for-age Z-score at six months postnatal in the GDM group. Significant group differences were also found in LNFP-II, 3′-Sialyllactose (3′-SL), and Disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) but not in all lactational periods. The role of differently expressed HMOs in GDM needs to be further explored by follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Dou
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Yuanli Luo
- School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Botian Chen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Liye Zhu
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal and Child Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Defu Ma
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Health, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (J.Z.)
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6
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Derrien M, Mikulic N, Uyoga MA, Chenoll E, Climent E, Howard-Varona A, Nyilima S, Stoffel NU, Karanja S, Kottler R, Stahl B, Zimmermann MB, Bourdet-Sicard R. Gut microbiome function and composition in infants from rural Kenya and association with human milk oligosaccharides. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2178793. [PMID: 36794816 PMCID: PMC9980514 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2178793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota evolves rapidly after birth, responding dynamically to environmental factors and playing a key role in short- and long-term health. Lifestyle and rurality have been shown to contribute to differences in the gut microbiome, including Bifidobacterium levels, between infants. We studied the composition, function and variability of the gut microbiomes of 6- to 11-month-old Kenyan infants (n = 105). Shotgun metagenomics showed Bifidobacterium longum to be the dominant species. A pangenomic analysis of B. longum in gut metagenomes revealed a high prevalence of B. longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in Kenyan infants (80%), and possible co-existence of this subspecies with B. longum subsp. longum. Stratification of the gut microbiome into community (GMC) types revealed differences in composition and functional features. GMC types with a higher prevalence of B. infantis and abundance of B. breve also had a lower pH and a lower abundance of genes encoding pathogenic features. An analysis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) classified the human milk (HM) samples into four groups defined on the basis of secretor and Lewis polymorphisms revealed a higher prevalence of HM group III (Se+, Le-) (22%) than in most previously studied populations, with an enrichment in 2'-fucosyllactose. Our results show that the gut microbiome of partially breastfed Kenyan infants over the age of six months is enriched in bacteria from the Bifidobacterium community, including B. infantis, and that the high prevalence of a specific HM group may indicate a specific HMO-gut microbiome association. This study sheds light on gut microbiome variation in an understudied population with limited exposure to modern microbiome-altering factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Derrien
- Advanced Health & Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France,CONTACT Muriel Derrien Advanced Health & Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nadja Mikulic
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mary A Uyoga
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Empar Chenoll
- ADM-Biopolis, ADM, Parc Cientific Universitat de Valencia, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric Climent
- ADM-Biopolis, ADM, Parc Cientific Universitat de Valencia, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrian Howard-Varona
- ADM-Biopolis, ADM, Parc Cientific Universitat de Valencia, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Suzane Nyilima
- Public and Community Health Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicole U Stoffel
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Karanja
- Public and Community Health Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Bernd Stahl
- Advanced Health & Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphaëlle Bourdet-Sicard
- Advanced Health & Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France,Raphaëlle Bourdet-Sicard Advanced Health & Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France
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7
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Orihara K, Yahagi K, Saito Y, Watanabe Y, Sasai T, Hara T, Tsukuda N, Oki K, Fujimoto J, Matsuki T. Characterization of Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense that utilizes both milk- and plant-derived oligosaccharides. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2207455. [PMID: 37188713 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2207455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are prominent members of the human gut microbiota throughout life. The ability to utilize milk- and plant-derived carbohydrates is important for bifidobacterial colonization of the infant and adult gut. The Bifidobacterium catenulatum subspecies kashiwanohense (B. kashiwanohense) was originally isolated from infant feces. However, only a few strains have been described, and the characteristics of this subspecies have been poorly investigated. Here, we characterized genotypes and phenotypes of 23 B. kashiwanohense-associated strains, including 12 newly sequenced isolates. Genome-based analysis clarified the phylogenetic relationship between these strains, revealing that only 13 strains are genuine B. kashiwanohense. We defined specific marker sequences and investigated the worldwide prevalence of B. kashiwanohense based on metagenome data. This revealed that not only infants but also adults and weaning children harbor this subspecies in the gut. Most B. kashiwanohense strains utilize long-chain xylans and possess genes for extracellular xylanase (GH10), arabinofuranosidase and xylosidase (GH43), and ABC transporters that contribute to the utilization of xylan-derived oligosaccharides. We also confirmed that B. kashiwanohense strains utilize short- and long-chain human milk oligosaccharides and possess genes for fucosidase (GH95 and GH29) and specific ABC transporter substrate-binding proteins that contribute to the utilization of a wide range of human milk oligosaccharides. Collectively, we found that B. kashiwanohense strains utilize both plant- and milk-derived carbohydrates and identified key genetic factors that allow them to assimilate various carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Orihara
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Yahagi
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Sasai
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taeko Hara
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsukuda
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaihei Oki
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Fujimoto
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuki
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Carpi RZ, Barbalho SM, Sloan KP, Laurindo LF, Gonzaga HF, Grippa PC, Zutin TLM, Girio RJS, Repetti CSF, Detregiachi CRP, Bueno PCS, Mazuqueli Pereira EDSB, Goulart RDA, Haber JFDS. The Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Non-Alcoholic Fat Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158805. [PMID: 35955942 PMCID: PMC9369010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications in the microbiota caused by environmental and genetic reasons can unbalance the intestinal homeostasis, deregulating the host’s metabolism and immune system, intensifying the risk factors for the development and aggravation of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD). The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been considered a potential and promising strategy to regulate the gut microbiota and produce beneficial effects in patients with liver conditions. For this reason, this review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in patients with NAFLD and NASH. Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were consulted, and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines were followed. The clinical trials used in this study demonstrated that gut microbiota interventions could improve a wide range of markers of inflammation, glycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, liver injury (decrease of hepatic enzymes and steatosis and fibrosis). Although microbiota modulators do not play a healing role, they can work as an important adjunct therapy in pathological processes involving NAFLD and its spectrums, either by improving the intestinal barrier or by preventing the formation of toxic metabolites for the liver or by acting on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zamignan Carpi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra M. Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia 17506-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Heron Fernando Gonzaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Grippa
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Tereza L. Menegucci Zutin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul J. S. Girio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sampaio Fonseca Repetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C. Santos Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesselina Francisco dos Santos Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
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9
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In silico analysis of the human milk oligosaccharide glycome reveals key enzymes of their biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10846. [PMID: 35760821 PMCID: PMC9237113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) form the third most abundant component of human milk and are known to convey several benefits to the neonate, including protection from viral and bacterial pathogens, training of the immune system, and influencing the gut microbiome. As HMO production during lactation is driven by enzymes that are common to other glycosylation processes, we adapted a model of mucin-type GalNAc-linked glycosylation enzymes to act on free lactose. We identified a subset of 11 enzyme activities that can account for 206 of 226 distinct HMOs isolated from human milk and constructed a biosynthetic reaction network that identifies 5 new core HMO structures. A comparison of monosaccharide compositions demonstrated that the model was able to discriminate between two possible groups of intermediates between major subnetworks, and to assign possible structures to several previously uncharacterised HMOs. The effect of enzyme knockouts is presented, identifying β-1,4-galactosyltransferase and β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase as key enzyme activities involved in the generation of the observed HMO glycosylation patterns. The model also provides a synthesis chassis for the most common HMOs found in lactating mothers.
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10
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Profile of Twenty-Three Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Han Chinese Mothers throughout Postpartum 1 year. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6230832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are multifunctional carbohydrates in breast milk, which are composed by a variety of structures. This study aimed to identified HMOs concentration profile, milk microbiota composition, and the associations with major maternal characteristics in Han Chinese mothers in the one-year lactation period. Seventeen healthy mothers aged from 28 to 36 years, who gave birth to healthy term infants, were recruited. Carbohydrates were detected using the MIRIS human milk analyzer (HMA), and twenty-three HMOs were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Results showed that carbohydrates were relatively stable, while total HMO concentrations ranged from 1.74 to 9.72 g/L and decreased gradually over lactation in breast milk. Based on the structure, seven sialylated HMOs concentration showed the significant decline (
) after three months in lactation. In addition, the relationships between maternal factors, containing the lactation period, genetic status, delivery mode, parity, and milk microbiota profile, and the HMO composition in healthy women, which still need further investigations, were observed.
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11
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Marousez L, Sprenger N, De Lamballerie M, Jaramillo-Ortiz S, Tran L, Micours E, Gottrand F, Howsam M, Tessier FJ, Ley D, Lesage J. High hydrostatic pressure processing of human milk preserves milk oligosaccharides and avoids formation of Maillard reaction products. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:1-8. [PMID: 34861623 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing is a non-thermal method proposed as an alternative to Holder pasteurization (HoP) for the treatment of human milk. HHP preserves numerous milk bioactive components that are degraded by HoP, but no data are available for milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or the formation of Maillard reaction products, which may be deleterious for preterm newborns. METHODS We evaluated the impact of HHP processing of human milk on 22 HMOs measured by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and on furosine, lactuloselysine, carboxymethyllysine (CML) and carboxyethyllysine (CEL) measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS), four established indicators of the Maillard reaction. Human raw milk was sterilized by HoP (62.5 °C for 30 min) or processed by HHP (350 MPa at 38 °C). RESULTS Neither HHP nor HoP processing affected the concentration of HMOs, but HoP significantly increased furosine, lactuloselysine, CML and CEL levels in milk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that HPP treatment preserves HMOs and avoids formation of Maillard reaction products. Our study confirms and extends previous findings that HHP treatment of human milk provides safe milk, with fewer detrimental effects on the biochemically active milk components than HoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marousez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Sarahi Jaramillo-Ortiz
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Léa Tran
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Edwina Micours
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children's Hospital, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Michael Howsam
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frederic J Tessier
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Ley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children's Hospital, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Comprehensive Review towards Metabolomics. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090804. [PMID: 34572236 PMCID: PMC8465502 DOI: 10.3390/children8090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most represented component in breast milk. They serve not only as prebiotics but they exert a protective role against some significant neonatal pathologies such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Furthermore, they can program the immune system and consequently reduce allergies and autoimmune diseases’ incidence. HMOs also play a crucial role in brain development and in the gut barrier’s maturation. Moreover, the maternal genetic factors influencing different HMO patterns and their modulation by the interaction and the competition between active enzymes have been widely investigated in the literature, but there are few studies concerning the role of other factors such as maternal health, nutrition, and environmental influence. In this context, metabolomics, one of the newest “omics” sciences that provides a snapshot of the metabolites present in bio-fluids, such as breast milk, could be useful to investigate the HMO content in human milk. The authors performed a review, from 2012 to the beginning of 2021, concerning the application of metabolomics to investigate the HMOs, by using Pubmed, Researchgate and Scopus as source databases. Through this technology, it is possible to know in real-time whether a mother produces a specific oligosaccharide, keeping into consideration that there are other modifiable and unmodifiable factors that influence HMO production from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Although further studies are needed to provide clinical substantiation, in the future, thanks to metabolomics, this could be possible by using a dipstick and adding the eventual missing oligosaccharide to the breast milk or formula in order to give the best and the most personalized nutritional regimen for each newborn, adjusting to different necessities.
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Lu M, Mosleh I, Abbaspourrad A. Engineered Microbial Routes for Human Milk Oligosaccharides Synthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:923-938. [PMID: 33909411 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are one of the important ingredients in human milk, which have attracted great interest due to their beneficial effect on the health of newborns. The large-scale production of HMOs has been researched using engineered microbial routes due to the availability, safety, and low cost of host strains. In addition, the development of molecular biology technology and metabolic engineering has promoted the effectiveness of HMOs production. According to current reports, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL), 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL), and some fucosylated HMOs with complex structures have been produced via the engineered microbial route, with 2'-FL having been produced the most. However, due to the uncertainty of metabolic patterns, the selection of host strains has certain limitations. Aside from that, the expression of appropriate glycosyltransferase in microbes is key to the synthesis of different HMOs. Therefore, finding a safe and efficient glycosyltransferase has to be addressed when using engineered microbial pathways. In this review, the latest research on the production of HMOs using engineered microbial routes is reported. The selection of host strains and adapting different metabolic pathways helped researchers designing engineered microbial routes that are more conducive to HMOs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Lu
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Imann Mosleh
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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