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You L, Wang T, Li W, Zhang J, Zheng C, Zheng Y, Li S, Shang Z, Lin J, Wang F, Qian Y, Zhou Z, Kong X, Gao Y, Sun X. Xiaozhi formula attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating lipid metabolism via activation of AMPK and PPAR pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118165. [PMID: 38588984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xiaozhi formula (XZF) is a practical Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which possesses an authorized patent certificate issued by the State Intellectual Property Office of China (ZL202211392355.0). However, the underlying mechanism by which XZF treats NAFLD remains unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the main component of XZF and its mechanism of action in NAFLD treatment. METHODS UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to identify the components of the XZF. A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mouse model was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of XZF. Body weight, liver weight, and white fat weight were recorded to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of XZF. H&E and Oil Red O staining were applied to observe the extent of hepatic steatosis. Liver damage, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism were detected by relevant assay kits. Moreover, the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were employed to evaluate the efficacy of XZF in insulin homeostasis. Hepatocyte oxidative damage markers were detected to assess the efficacy of XZF in preventing oxidative stress. Label-free proteomics was used to investigate the underlying mechanism of XZF in NAFLD. RT-qPCR was used to calculate the expression levels of lipid metabolism genes. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the hepatic protein expression of AMPK, p-AMPK, PPARɑ, CPT1, and PPARγ. RESULTS 120 compounds were preliminarily identified from XZF by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. XZF could alleviate HFD-induced obesity, white adipocyte size, lipid accumulation, and hepatic steatosis in mice. Additionally, XZF could normalize glucose levels, improve glucolipid metabolism disorders, and prevent oxidative stress damage induced by HFD. Furthermore, the proteomic analysis showed that the major pathways in fatty acid metabolism and the PPAR signaling pathway were significantly impacted by XZF treatment. The expression levels of several lipolytic and β-oxidation genes were up-regulated, while the expression of fatty acid synthesis genes declined in the HFD + XZF group. Mechanically, XZF treatment enhanced the expression of p-AMPK, PPARɑ, and CPT-1 and suppressed the expression of PPARγ in the livers of NAFLD mice, indicating that XZF could activate the AMPK and PPAR pathways to attenuate NALFD progression. CONCLUSION XZF could attenuate NAFLD by moderating lipid metabolism by activating AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping You
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxi Zheng
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suyin Li
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Shang
- Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Pestilence Disease Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Qian
- Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijia Zhou
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Pestilence Disease Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Su F, Koeberle A. Regulation and targeting of SREBP-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:673-708. [PMID: 38036934 PMCID: PMC11156753 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing burden on global public health and is associated with enhanced lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, and lipid metabolic reprogramming. De novo lipogenesis is under the control of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and essentially contributes to HCC progression. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of SREBP-1 isoforms in HCC based on cellular, animal, and clinical data. Specifically, we (i) address the overarching mechanisms for regulating SREBP-1 transcription, proteolytic processing, nuclear stability, and transactivation and (ii) critically discuss their impact on HCC, taking into account (iii) insights from pharmacological approaches. Emphasis is placed on cross-talk with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), and other kinases that directly phosphorylate SREBP-1; transcription factors, such as liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1 (PGC-1), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), and Myc; epigenetic mechanisms; post-translational modifications of SREBP-1; and SREBP-1-regulatory metabolites such as oxysterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. By carefully scrutinizing the role of SREBP-1 in HCC development, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance, we shed light on the potential of SREBP-1-targeting strategies in HCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Su
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zheng Z, Gao W, Zhu Z, Li S, Chen X, Cravotto G, Sui Y, Zhou L. Complexes of Soluble Dietary Fiber and Polyphenols from Lotus Root Regulate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:466. [PMID: 38671914 PMCID: PMC11047371 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, complexes of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and polyphenols (PPs) isolated from lotus roots were prepared (SDF-PPs), as well as physical mixtures (SDF&PPs), which were given to high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. The results demonstrated that SDF-PPs improve lipid levels and reverse liver injury in hyperlipidemic mice. Western blotting and real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed that SDF-PPs regulated liver lipids by increasing the phosphorylation of Adenine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), up-regulating the expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT1), and down-regulating the expression of Fatty acid synthase (FAS) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), as well as the transcription factor sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SPEBP-1) and its downstream liposynthesis genes. Additionally, the intervention of SDF-PPs could modulate the composition of intestinal gut microbes, inducing an increase in Lachnospiraceae and a decrease in Desulfovibrionaceae and Prevotellaceae in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Thus, the research provides a theoretical basis for the application of lotus root active ingredients in functional foods and ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zheng
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Weilan Gao
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Shuyi Li
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Xueling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.C.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Yong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.C.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.C.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.)
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Zhao L, Wang S, Xu X, Guo W, Yang J, Liu Y, Xie S, Piao G, Xu T, Wang Y, Xu Y. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the lipid-lowering mechanisms of Qizha Shuangye granules in hyperlipidemic rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3265-3274. [PMID: 38087399 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qizha Shuangye granules (QSG) comprise six traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs), which have a long history of treating hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China. This study aimed to evaluate the potential lipid-lowering effects of QSG in an HLP rat model and investigate possible mechanisms. The HLP rat model was induced by a high-fat diet. Lipid-related indicators in serum were detected. Serum and liver metabolites were investigated using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. A herb-compound-target-metabolite (H-C-T-M) network was further constructed to reveal the possible molecular mechanism of QSG to alleviate HLP. RESULTS The administration of QSG inhibited the HLP-induced changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Additionally, QSG significantly attenuated the liver histopathological changes induced by HLP. Metabolomic analysis showed the serum and liver metabolic disorders presented in HLP rats. QSG can reverse the abnormal metabolism caused by HLP. Through network pharmacology analysis, key proteins such as androgen receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α were screened out, and they were speculated to be possible therapeutic targets for QSG to treat HLP. CONCLUSION The present study integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis to reveal the efficacy and possible mechanism of QSG in treating HLP, which provides a new reference for the research and development of QSG as a functional food. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Analysis Methods of Active Ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shengxu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Analysis Methods of Active Ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangchun Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Tunhai Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, China
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Zhang H, Tang X, Feng C, Gao Y, Hong Q, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zheng Q, Lin J, Liu X, Shen L. The use of data independent acquisition based proteomic analysis and machine learning to reveal potential biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder. J Proteomics 2023; 278:104872. [PMID: 36898611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological developmental disorder in children, and is associated with social isolation and restricted interests. The etiology of this disorder is still unknown. There is neither any confirmed laboratory test nor any effective therapeutic strategy to diagnose or cure it. We performed data independent acquisition (DIA) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis of plasma from children with ASD and controls. The result showed that 45 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between autistic subjects and controls. Among these, only one DEP was down-regulated in ASD; other DEPs were up-regulated in ASD children's plasma. These proteins are found associated with complement and coagulation cascades, vitamin digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism, platelet degranulation, selenium micronutrient network, extracellular matrix organization and inflammatory pathway, which have been reported to be related to ASD. After MRM verification, five key proteins in complement pathway (PLG, SERPINC1, and A2M) and inflammatory pathway (CD5L, ATRN, SERPINC1, and A2M) were confirmed to be significantly up-regulated in ASD group. Through the screening of machine learning model and MRM verification, we found that two proteins (biotinidase and carbonic anhydrase 1) can be used as early diagnostic markers of ASD (AUC = 0.8, p = 0.0001). SIGNIFICANCE: ASD is the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disorder in the world and has become a major public health problem worldwide. Its prevalence has been steadily increasing, with a global prevalence rate of 1%. Early diagnosis and intervention can achieve better prognosis. In this study, data independent acquisition (DIA) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis was applied to analyze the plasma proteome of ASD patients (31 (±5) months old), and 378 proteins were quantified. 45 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between the ASD group and the control group. They mainly were associated with platelet degranulation, ECM proteoglycar, complement and coagulation cascades, selenium micronutrient network, regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) transport and uptake by insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), cholesterol metabolism, vitamin metabolism, and inflammatory pathway. Through the integrated machine learning methods and the MRM verification of independent samples, it is considered that biotinidase and carbon anhydrase 1 have the potential to become biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ASD. These results complement proteomics database of the ASD patients, broaden our understanding of ASD, and provide a panel of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Chengyun Feng
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen 518100, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen 518100, PR China
| | - Qi Hong
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen 518100, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Xinglai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Qihong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Xukun Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research, Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen 518071, PR China.
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Jung BC, Kim HK, Kim SH, Kim YS. Triglyceride induces DNA damage leading to monocyte death by activating caspase-2 and caspase-8. BMB Rep 2023; 56:166-171. [PMID: 36593108 PMCID: PMC10068338 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are peripheral leukocytes that function in innate immunity. Excessive triglyceride (TG) accumulation causes monocyte death and thus can compromise innate immunity. However, the mechanisms by which TG mediates monocyte death remain unclear to date. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which TG induces monocyte death. Results showed that TG induced monocyte death by activating caspase-3/7 and promoting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In addition, TG induced DNA damage and activated the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/checkpoint kinase 2 and ATM-and Rad3-related (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 pathways, leading to the cell death. Furthermore, TG-induced DNA damage and monocyte death were mediated by caspase-2 and -8, and caspase-8 acted as an upstream molecule of caspase-2. Taken together, these results suggest that TG-induced monocyte death is mediated via the caspase-8/caspase-2/DNA damage/executioner caspase/PARP pathways. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(3): 166-171].
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Cheonan 31172, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Natural Science, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon 39528, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan 31172, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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Jung BC, Kim HK, Kim SH, Kim YS. Triglyceride induces DNA damage leading to monocyte death by activating caspase-2 and caspase-8. BMB Rep 2023; 56:166-171. [PMID: 36593108 PMCID: PMC10068338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are peripheral leukocytes that function in innate immunity. Excessive triglyceride (TG) accumulation causes monocyte death and thus can compromise innate immunity. However, the mechanisms by which TG mediates monocyte death remain unclear to date. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which TG induces monocyte death. Results showed that TG induced monocyte death by activating caspase-3/7 and promoting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In addition, TG induced DNA damage and activated the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/checkpoint kinase 2 and ATM-and Rad3-related (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 pathways, leading to the cell death. Furthermore, TG-induced DNA damage and monocyte death were mediated by caspase-2 and -8, and caspase-8 acted as an upstream molecule of caspase-2. Taken together, these results suggest that TG-induced monocyte death is mediated via the caspase-8/caspase-2/DNA damage/executioner caspase/PARP pathways. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(3): 166-171].
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Cheonan 31172, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Natural Science, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon 39528, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan 31172, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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