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Li Y, Yao M, Xie F, Qiu Y, Zhao X, Li R. Gut microbiota as a residual risk factor causally influencing cardiac structure and function: Mendelian randomization analysis and biological annotation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1410272. [PMID: 39132134 PMCID: PMC11316272 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1410272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota (GM) is widely acknowledged to have a significant impact on cardiovascular health and may act as a residual risk factor affecting cardiac structure and function. However, the causal relationship between GM and cardiac structure and function remains unclear. Objective This study aims to employ a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal association between GM and cardiac structure and function. Methods Data on 119 GM genera were sourced from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (13,266 European participants) conducted by the MiBioGen consortium, while data on 16 parameters of cardiac structure and function were obtained from the UK Biobank's GWAS of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (up to 41,135 European participants). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) methods were utilized for causal association assessments, with sensitivity analyses conducted to reinforce the findings. Finally, biological annotation was performed on the GWAS data of GM and cardiac phenotypes with causal associations to explore potential mechanisms. Results The MR analysis, predominantly based on the IVW model, revealed 93 causal associations between the genetically predicted abundance of 44 GM genera and 16 cardiac structure and function parameters. These associations maintained consistent directions in MR-Egger and WM models, with no evidence of pleiotropy detected. Biological annotations suggest that GM may influence cardiac structure and function through pathways involved in myocardial cell development, cardiac contractility, and apoptosis. Conclusion The MR analysis supports a causal association between certain abundances of genetically predicted GM and cardiac structure and function, suggesting that GM could be a residual risk factor impacting cardiac phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meidan Yao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Evidence, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Mattavelli E, Piperni E, Asnicar F, Redaelli L, Grigore L, Pellegatta F, Nabinejad A, Tamburini S, Segata N, Catapano AL, Baragetti A. High dietary inflammatory index associates with inflammatory proteins in plasma. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:50. [PMID: 38409061 PMCID: PMC10895728 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Unhealthy dietary habits and highly caloric foods induce metabolic alterations and promote the development of the inflammatory consequences of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Describing an inflammatory effect of diet is difficult to pursue, owing lacks of standardized quali-quantitative dietary assessments. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has been proposed as an estimator of the pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of nutrients and higher DII values, which indicate an increased intake of nutrients with pro-inflammatory effects, relate to an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and we here assessed whether they reflect biologically relevant plasmatic variations of inflammatory proteins. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, seven days dietary records from 663 subjects in primary prevention for cardiovascular diseases were analyzed to derive the intake of nutrients, foods and to calculate DII. To associate DII with the Normalized Protein eXpression (NPX), an index of abundance, of a targeted panel of 368 inflammatory biomarkers (Olink™) measured in the plasma, we divided the population by the median value of DII (1.60 (0.83-2.30)). RESULTS 332 subjects with estimated DII over the median value reported a higher intake of saturated fats but lower intakes of poly-unsaturated fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fats, versus subjects with estimated dietary DII below the median value (N = 331). The NPX of 61 proteins was increased in the plasma of subjects with DII > median vs. subjects with DII < median. By contrast, in the latter group, we underscored only 3 proteins with increased NPX. Only 23, out of these 64 proteins, accurately identified subjects with DII > median (Area Under the Curve = 0.601 (0.519-0.668), p = 0.035). CONCLUSION This large-scale proteomic study supports that higher DII reflects changes in the plasmatic abundance of inflammatory proteins. Larger studies are warranted to validate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mattavelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Piperni
- Department CIBIO, Trento University, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Redaelli
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Amir Nabinejad
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tamburini
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, Venice, Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, Trento University, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
- IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, Milano, Italy.
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Key Stratification of Microbiota Taxa and Metabolites in the Host Metabolic Health-Disease Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054519. [PMID: 36901949 PMCID: PMC10003303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota seems to drive the interaction with host metabolism through microbial metabolites, enzymes, and bioactive compounds. These components determine the host health-disease balance. Recent metabolomics and combined metabolome-microbiome studies have helped to elucidate how these substances could differentially affect the individual host pathophysiology according to several factors and cumulative exposures, such as obesogenic xenobiotics. The present work aims to investigate and interpret newly compiled data from metabolomics and microbiota composition studies, comparing controls with patients suffering from metabolic-related diseases (diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, liver and cardiovascular diseases, etc.). The results showed, first, a differential composition of the most represented genera in healthy individuals compared to patients with metabolic diseases. Second, the analysis of the metabolite counts exhibited a differential composition of bacterial genera in disease compared to health status. Third, qualitative metabolite analysis revealed relevant information about the chemical nature of metabolites related to disease and/or health status. Key microbial genera were commonly considered overrepresented in healthy individuals together with specific metabolites, e.g., Faecalibacterium and phosphatidylethanolamine; and the opposite, Escherichia and Phosphatidic Acid, which is converted into the intermediate Cytidine Diphosphate Diacylglycerol-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), were overrepresented in metabolic-related disease patients. However, it was not possible to associate most specific microbiota taxa and metabolites according to their increased and decreased profiles analyzed with health or disease. Interestingly, positive association of essential amino acids with the genera Bacteroides were observed in a cluster related to health, and conversely, benzene derivatives and lipidic metabolites were related to the genera Clostridium, Roseburia, Blautia, and Oscillibacter in a disease cluster. More studies are needed to elucidate the microbiota species and their corresponding metabolites that are key in promoting health or disease status. Moreover, we propose that greater attention should be paid to biliary acids and to microbiota-liver cometabolites and its detoxification enzymes and pathways.
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Magni P, Baragetti A, Poli A. Special Issue: Nutraceutical Approaches to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Evidence and Opportunities. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245399. [PMID: 36558557 PMCID: PMC9785404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is a major task for health systems since these pathological conditions are still major causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, 20099 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, 20124 Milan, Italy
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5
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Deng B, Tao L, Wang Y. Natural products against inflammation and atherosclerosis: Targeting on gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997056. [PMID: 36532443 PMCID: PMC9751351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has become recognized as a crucial element in preserving human fitness and influencing disease consequences. Commensal and pathogenic gut microorganisms are correlated with pathological progress in atherosclerosis (AS). GM may thus be a promising therapeutic target for AS. Natural products with cardioprotective qualities might improve the inflammation of AS by modulating the GM ecosystem, opening new avenues for researches and therapies. However, it is unclear what components of natural products are useful and what the actual mechanisms are. In this review, we have summarized the natural products relieving inflammation of AS by regulating the GM balance and active metabolites produced by GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyu Tao
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Longoria CR, Guers JJ, Campbell SC. The Interplay between Cardiovascular Disease, Exercise, and the Gut Microbiome. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:365. [PMID: 39076202 PMCID: PMC11269073 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2311365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with physical inactivity being a known contributor to the global rates of CVD incidence. The gut microbiota has been associated with many diseases including CVD and other comorbidities such at type 2 diabetes and obesity. Researchers have begun to examine the gut microbiome as a predictor of early disease states by detecting disruptions, or dysbiosis, in the microbiota. Evidence is lacking to investigate the potential link between the gut microbiota, exercise, and CVD risk and development. Research supports that diets with whole food have reduced instances of CVD and associated diseases, increased abundances of beneficial gut bacteria, and altered gut-derived metabolite production. Further, exercise and lifestyle changes to increase physical activity demonstrate improved health outcomes related to CVD risk and comorbidities and gut microbial diversity. It is difficult to study an outcome such as CVD when including multiple factors; however, it is evident that exercise, lifestyle, and the gut microbiota contribute to improved health in their own ways. This review will highlight current research findings and what potential treatments of CVD may be generated by manipulation of the gut microbiota and/or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace R. Longoria
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - John J. Guers
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Science, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08646, USA
| | - Sara C. Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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7
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Francisco AJ. Helicobacter Pylori Infection Induces Intestinal Dysbiosis That Could Be Related to the Onset of Atherosclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9943158. [PMID: 36317116 PMCID: PMC9617700 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9943158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the first causes of death around the world, and atherosclerosis is one of the first steps in the development of them. Although these problems occur mainly in elderly, the incidence in younger people is being reported, and an undetermined portion of patients without the classic risk factors develop subclinical atherosclerosis at earlier stages of life. Recently, both the H. pylori infection and the intestinal microbiota have been linked to atherosclerosis. The mechanisms behind those associations are poorly understood, but some of the proposed explanations are (a) the effect of the chronic systemic inflammation induced by H. pylori, (b) a direct action over the endothelial cells by the cytotoxin associated gene A protein, and (c) alterations of the lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction induced by H. pylori infection. Regarding the microbiota, several studies show that induction of atherosclerosis is related to high levels of Trimethylamine N-oxide. In this review, we present the information published about the effects of H. pylori over the intestinal microbiota and their relationship with atherosclerosis and propose a hypothesis to explain the nature of these associations. If H. pylori contributes to atherosclerosis, then interventions for eradication and restoration of the gut microbiota at early stages could represent a way to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilés-Jiménez Francisco
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Pediatría. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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8
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Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:13-30. [PMID: 35384898 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an extremely diverse community of microorganisms, and their collective genomes (microbiome) provide a vast arsenal of biological activities, in particular enzymatic ones, which are far from being fully elucidated. The study of the microbiota (and the microbiome) is receiving great interest from the biomedical community as it carries the potential to improve risk-prediction models, refine primary and secondary prevention efforts, and also design more appropriate and personalized therapies, including pharmacological ones. A growing body of evidence, though sometimes impaired by the limited number of subjects involved in the studies, suggests that GIT dysbiosis, i.e. the altered microbial composition, has an important role in causing and/or worsening cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bacterial translocation as well as the alteration of levels of microbe-derived metabolites can thus be important to monitor and modulate, because they may lead to initiation and progression of CVD, as well as to its establishment as chronic state. We hereby aim to provide readers with details on available resources and experimental approaches that are used in this fascinating field of biomedical research, and on some novelties on the impact of GIT microbiota on CVD.
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Usova EII, Alieva AS, Yakovlev AN, Alieva MS, Prokhorikhin AA, Konradi AO, Shlyakhto EV, Magni P, Catapano AL, Baragetti A. Integrative Analysis of Multi-Omics and Genetic Approaches-A New Level in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1597. [PMID: 34827594 PMCID: PMC8615817 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics and environmental and lifestyle factors deeply affect cardiovascular diseases, with atherosclerosis as the etiopathological factor (ACVD) and their early recognition can significantly contribute to an efficient prevention and treatment of the disease. Due to the vast number of these factors, only the novel "omic" approaches are surmised. In addition to genomics, which extended the effective therapeutic potential for complex and rarer diseases, the use of "omics" presents a step-forward that can be harnessed for more accurate ACVD prediction and risk assessment in larger populations. The analysis of these data by artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) strategies makes is possible to decipher the large amount of data that derives from such techniques, in order to provide an unbiased assessment of pathophysiological correlations and to develop a better understanding of the molecular background of ACVD. The predictive models implementing data from these "omics", are based on consolidated AI best practices for classical ML and deep learning paradigms that employ methods (e.g., Integrative Network Fusion method, using an AI/ML supervised strategy and cross-validation) to validate the reproducibility of the results. Here, we highlight the proposed integrated approach for the prediction and diagnosis of ACVD with the presentation of the key elements of a joint scientific project of the University of Milan and the Almazov National Medical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- EIena I. Usova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.I.U.); (A.N.Y.); (M.S.A.); (A.A.P.); (A.O.K.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Asiiat S. Alieva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.I.U.); (A.N.Y.); (M.S.A.); (A.A.P.); (A.O.K.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Alexey N. Yakovlev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.I.U.); (A.N.Y.); (M.S.A.); (A.A.P.); (A.O.K.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Madina S. Alieva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.I.U.); (A.N.Y.); (M.S.A.); (A.A.P.); (A.O.K.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Alexey A. Prokhorikhin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.I.U.); (A.N.Y.); (M.S.A.); (A.A.P.); (A.O.K.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Alexandra O. Konradi
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.I.U.); (A.N.Y.); (M.S.A.); (A.A.P.); (A.O.K.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Evgeny V. Shlyakhto
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.I.U.); (A.N.Y.); (M.S.A.); (A.A.P.); (A.O.K.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.C.); (A.B.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L. Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.C.); (A.B.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.L.C.); (A.B.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
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10
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Mattavelli E, Catapano AL, Baragetti A. Molecular Immune-Inflammatory Connections between Dietary Fats and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Which Translation into Clinics? Nutrients 2021; 13:3768. [PMID: 34836026 PMCID: PMC8625932 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend reducing the daily intake of dietary fats for the prevention of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Avoiding saturated fats while increasing the intake of mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids has been for long time the cornerstone of dietary approaches in cardiovascular prevention, mainly due to the metabolic effects of these molecules. However, recently, this approach has been critically revised. The experimental evidence, in fact, supports the concept that the pro- or anti-inflammatory potential of different dietary fats contributes to atherogenic or anti-atherogenic cellular and molecular processes beyond (or in addition to) their metabolic effects. All these aspects are hardly translatable into clinics when trying to find connections between the pro-/anti-inflammatory potential of dietary lipids and their effects on CVD outcomes. Interventional trials, although providing stronger potential for causal inference, are typically small sample-sized, and they have short follow-up, noncompliance, and high attrition rates. Besides, observational studies are confounded by a number of variables and the quantification of dietary intakes is far from optimal. A better understanding of the anatomic and physiological barriers for the absorption and the players involved in the metabolism of dietary lipids (e.g., gut microbiota) might be an alternative strategy in the attempt to provide a first step towards a personalized dietary approach in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mattavelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.L.C.)
- S.I.S.A. Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Cinisello Balsamo, 20092 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.L.C.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, 20092 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.L.C.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, 20092 Milan, Italy
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11
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Shen X, Li L, Sun Z, Zang G, Zhang L, Shao C, Wang Z. Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerosis-Focusing on the Plaque Stability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:668532. [PMID: 34414217 PMCID: PMC8368126 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.668532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern society. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can induce thrombus formation, which is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that there are some relationships between microbiota and atherosclerosis. In this review, we will focus on the effect of the microbiota and the microbe-derived metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque. Finally, we will conclude with some therapies based on the microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Galié S, García-Gavilán J, Camacho-Barcía L, Atzeni A, Muralidharan J, Papandreou C, Arcelin P, Palau-Galindo A, Garcia D, Basora J, Arias-Vasquez A, Bulló M. Effects of the Mediterranean Diet or Nut Consumption on Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolites and their Relationship with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000982. [PMID: 34331403 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To examine whether a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) compared to the consumption of nuts in the context of a habitual non-MedDiet exerts a greater beneficial effect on gut microbiota and fecal metabolites; thus, contributing to explain major benefits on cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty adults with Metabolic Syndrome are randomized to a controlled, crossover 2-months dietary-intervention trial with a 1-month wash-out period, following a MedDiet or consuming nuts (50 g day-1 ). Microbiota composition is assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites are measured using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF) platforms in a targeted metabolomics approach. Decreased glucose, insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is observed after the MedDiet compared to the nuts intervention. Relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 and an uncultured genera of Ruminococcaceae are significantly increased after the MedDiet compared to nuts supplementation. Changes in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 are inversely associated with insulin levels and HOMA-IR, while positively and negatively with changes in cholate and cadaverine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Following a MedDiet, rather than nuts, induces a significant increase in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 and improves the metabolic risk. This genera seems to affect the bile acid metabolism and cadaverine which may account for the improvement in insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galié
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,IISPV, Institute of Health Pere Virgily, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Gavilán
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,IISPV, Institute of Health Pere Virgily, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Camacho-Barcía
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,IISPV, Institute of Health Pere Virgily, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,IISPV, Institute of Health Pere Virgily, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jananee Muralidharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,IISPV, Institute of Health Pere Virgily, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,IISPV, Institute of Health Pere Virgily, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre Arcelin
- IISPV, Institute of Health Pere Virgily, Reus, Spain.,SAGESSA, ABS Reus V. Centre d'Assistència Primària Marià Fortuny, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Palau-Galindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,SAGESSA, ABS Reus V. Centre d'Assistència Primària Marià Fortuny, Reus, Spain
| | - David Garcia
- ABS Alt Camp Oest. Centre d'Atenció Primària Alcover, Spain
| | - Josep Basora
- Tarragona-Reus Research Support Unit, Jordi Gol University Institute for Primary Care Research, Tarragona, 43202, Spain
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Institute for Brain, Nijmegen, GA, 6525, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Institute for Brain, Nijmegen, GA, 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University RoviraiVirgili (URV), Reus, Spain.,IISPV, Institute of Health Pere Virgily, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Mohammad S, Al Zoubi S, Collotta D, Krieg N, Wissuwa B, Ferreira Alves G, Purvis GSD, Norata GD, Baragetti A, Catapano AL, Solito E, Zechendorf E, Schürholz T, Correa-Vargas W, Brandenburg K, Coldewey SM, Collino M, Yaqoob MM, Martin L, Thiemermann C. A Synthetic Peptide Designed to Neutralize Lipopolysaccharides Attenuates Metaflammation and Diet-Induced Metabolic Derangements in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701275. [PMID: 34349763 PMCID: PMC8328475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic endotoxemia has been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of metaflammation, insulin-resistance and ultimately type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The role of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as the cathelicidin LL-37, in T2DM is unknown. We report here for the first time that patients with T2DM compared to healthy volunteers have elevated plasma levels of LL-37. In a reverse-translational approach, we have investigated the effects of the AMP, peptide 19-2.5, in a murine model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin-resistance, steatohepatitis and T2DM. HFD-fed mice for 12 weeks caused obesity, an impairment in glycemic regulations, hypercholesterolemia, microalbuminuria and steatohepatitis, all of which were attenuated by Peptide 19-2.5. The liver steatosis caused by feeding mice a HFD resulted in the activation of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB) (phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa beta kinase (IKK)α/β, IκBα, translocation of p65 to the nucleus), expression of NF-ĸB-dependent protein inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and activation of the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, all of which were reduced by Peptide 19-2.5. Feeding mice, a HFD also resulted in an enhanced expression of the lipid scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) secondary to activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, both of which were abolished by Peptide 19-2.5. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the AMP, Peptide 19-2.5 reduces insulin-resistance, steatohepatitis and proteinuria. These effects are, at least in part, due to prevention of the expression of CD36 and may provide further evidence for a role of metabolic endotoxemia in the pathogenesis of metaflammation and ultimately T2DM. The observed increase in the levels of the endogenous AMP LL-37 in patients with T2DM may serve to limit the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Mohammad
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sura Al Zoubi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nadine Krieg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianka Wissuwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gareth S D Purvis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Sir William Dunn School Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy.,Società Italiana per lo Studio della Aterosclerosi (S.I.S.A.) Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy.,Società Italiana per lo Studio della Aterosclerosi (S.I.S.A.) Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Zechendorf
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Schürholz
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Sina M Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Muhammad M Yaqoob
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Martin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Gut Microbiota and Environment in Coronary Artery Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084242. [PMID: 33923612 PMCID: PMC8073779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, studies evaluated the associations between coronary artery disease (CAD) and fecal gut microbiota composition. This opens new perspectives on therapeutic strategies to prevent CAD representing the leading cause of mortality in Western societies. We have conducted a review of the literature regarding the characteristics of the gut microbiota of CAD patients, its underlying mechanisms and their associations with pollution and the Western diet. The latest evidence confirms that an abnormal microbiota predisposes to the development of CAD and differs in composition compared to the microbiota of healthy patients; the results are, however, heterogeneous. The most studied underlying mechanisms involve the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the immune system activation mediated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Despite a large amount of available data, there is no evidence about the role of a specific type of gut microbiota in the risk of developing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Moreover, no relationship has been assessed between the gut microbiota and the characteristics of coronary plaques in humans. However, a close association has been found between both pollution and the Western diet and gut microbiota and CAD. Further studies are needed to clarify the associations between gut microbiota, CAD, and ACS to find efficient therapeutic strategies.
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15
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Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the process that leads to multiple leukocyte lineage generation within the bone marrow. This process is maintained throughout life thanks to a nonstochastic division of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), where during each division, one daughter cell retains pluripotency while the other differentiates into a restricted multipotent progenitor (MPP) that converts into mature, committed circulating cell. This process is tightly regulated at the level of cellular metabolism and the shift from anaerobic glycolysis, typical of quiescent HSC, to oxidative metabolism fosters HSCs proliferation and commitment. Systemic and local factors influencing metabolism alter HSCs balance under pathological conditions, with chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases driving HSCs commitment toward activated blood immune cell subsets. This is the case of atherosclerosis, where impaired systemic lipid metabolism affects HSCs epigenetics that reflects into increased differentiation toward activated circulating subsets. Aim of this review is to discuss the impact of lipids and lipoproteins on HSCs pathophysiology, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms influencing cellular metabolism. A better understanding of these aspects will shed light on innovative strategies to target atherosclerosis-associated inflammation.
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