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van de Put B, de Bruijn WJ, Schols HA. Structural Characterization of Disaccharides Using Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Monosaccharide Standards. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1012-1020. [PMID: 38634722 PMCID: PMC11066964 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
To understand the mode of action of bioactive oligosaccharides, such as prebiotics, in-depth knowledge about all structural features, including monosaccharide composition, linkage type, and anomeric configuration, is necessary. Current analytical techniques provide limited information about structural features within complex mixtures unless preceded by extensive purification. In this study, we propose an approach employing cyclic ion mobility spectrometry (cIMS) for the in-depth characterization of oligosaccharides, here demonstrated for disaccharides. We were able to separate galactose and glucose anomers by exploiting the high ion mobility resolution of cIMS. Using the obtained monosaccharide mobilograms as references, we determined the composition and anomeric configuration of 4β-galactobiose by studying the monosaccharide fragments generated by collision-induced dissociation (CID) before the ion mobility separation. Drift times and individual MS2 spectra of partially resolved reducing-end anomers of 4β-galactobiose, 4β-galactosylglucose (lactose), and 4β-glucosylglucose (cellobiose) were obtained by deconvolution using CID fragmentation induced in the transfer region between the cIMS cell and TOF analyzer. The composition and anomeric configuration of the reducing end anomers of these disaccharides were identified using cIMS2 approaches, where first each anomer was isolated using cIMS and individually fragmented, and the monosaccharide fragments were again separated by cIMS for comparison with monosaccharide standards. With these results we demonstrate the promising application of cIMS for the structural characterization of isomeric oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram van de Put
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.C. de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Jian C, Sorensen N, Lutter R, Albers R, de Vos W, Salonen A, Mercenier A. The impact of daily supplementation with rhamnogalacturonan-I on the gut microbiota in healthy adults: A randomized controlled trial. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116561. [PMID: 38593705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectin and its derivatives have been shown to modulate immune signaling as well as gut microbiota in preclinical studies, which may constitute the mechanisms by which supplementation of specific pectic polysaccharides confers protection against viral respiratory infections. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled rhinovirus (RV16) challenge study, healthy volunteers were randomized to consume placebo (0.0 g/day) (N = 46), low-dose (0.3 g/day) (N = 49) or high-dose (1.5 g/day) (N = 51) of carrot derived rhamnogalacturonan-I (cRG-I) for eight weeks and they were subsequently challenged with RV-16. Here, the effect of 8-week cRG-I supplementation on the gut microbiota was studied. While the overall gut microbiota composition in the population was generally unaltered by this very low dose of fibre, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. (mainly B. adolescentis and B. longum) was significantly increased by both doses of cRG-1. Moreover, daily supplementation of cRG-I led to a dose-dependent reduction in inter- and intra-individual microbiota heterogeneity, suggesting a stabilizing effect on the gut microbiota. The severity of respiratory symptoms did not directly correlate with the cRG-I-induced microbial changes, but several dominant groups of the Ruminococcaceae family and microbiota richness were positively associated with a reduced and hence desired post-infection response. Thus, the present results on the modulation of the gut microbiota composition support the previously demonstrated immunomodulatory and protective effect of cRG-I during a common cold infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - René Lutter
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, the Netherlands
| | | | - Willem de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Butt HS, Ulriksen ES, Rise F, Wangensteen H, Duus JØ, Inngjerdingen M, Inngjerdingen KT. Structural elucidation of novel pro-inflammatory polysaccharides from Daphne mezereum L. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121554. [PMID: 37985118 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Daphne mezereum L., an important medicinal plant in Scandinavian folk medicine, was used to treat ailments such as diarrhea, swelling and stomach pain. A range of natural compounds have been isolated, but little attention has been given to the polysaccharides in this plant. Previous work in our group have shown that a polysaccharide enriched fraction from the bark of D. mezereum exhibited pro-inflammatory effects. To pursue this further, the aim of the present work was to isolate and characterize these polysaccharides. From the ethanol-precipitate of a water extract, one neutral (DMP-NF) and one acidic (DMP-AF) fraction was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography. GC, GC-MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR were used to characterize the polysaccharide structures. DMP-NF appeared to be a mixture of arabinan, arabinogalactan and hemicelluloses such as xyloglucan, mannan and xylan. DMP-AF contained a pectic polysaccharide mainly consisting of an unusually long homogalacturonan backbone. Enzymatic treatment by pectinase of DMP-AF yielded DMP-ED, which contained a rhamnogalacturonan-I backbone with arabinan, galactan and arabinogalactan side chains. Both DMP-NF and DMP-ED induced IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), DMP-ED being the most potent fraction. DMP-AF was less active, which might be due to a less sterically available rhamnogalacturonan-I domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Shakeel Butt
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Emilie Steinbakk Ulriksen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Øllgaard Duus
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Tvete Inngjerdingen
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Abbas AH, Serikov G, Zhuniskenov Y, Eghtesadi N, Bou-Hamdan KF, Pham TT. Investigation of Natural Mucilage for Enhanced Oil Recovery: the Potential of Corchorus Olitorius Hydrocolloid. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29693-29703. [PMID: 37599917 PMCID: PMC10433331 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The need for an effective offshore enhanced oil recovery (EOR) solution led to the focus on natural hydrocolloids. Polysaccharide hydrocolloid research is constantly expanding in a variety of petroleum applications such as drilling, flow assurance, and EOR. Corchorus olitorius is being examined in the present study as a potential natural polymer for chemical flooding. This study investigated the rheology and fluid flow characteristics in porous media, focusing on the effects of the concentration, temperature, and salinity of the fluid. Furthermore, core flooding was carried out to evaluate the potential recovery was characterized and found to contain a significant amount of polysaccharides and cellulose. The rheological behavior demonstrated an increase in viscosity with concentration. The relationship between viscosity and temperature is inversely proportional. Additionally, the mucilage viscosity significantly increased in the presence of 35,000 ppm NaCl, varying from 39 to 48 cp. The improvement of oil recovery by a unit PV injection is around 10 and 20% at 0 and 35,000 ppm of NaCl, respectively. In sandstone with a moderate porosity and permeability, the overall oil recovery ranges between 59 and 70%. C. olitorius has complex polysaccharide/cellulose derivatives that improved rheology and produced results that are promising for future offshore applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Hashim Abbas
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ghalymzhan Serikov
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yermukhan Zhuniskenov
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Neda Eghtesadi
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital
Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamel Fahmi Bou-Hamdan
- Chemical
& Petroleum Engineering Department, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Tri Thanh Pham
- Department
of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Zebeaman M, Tadesse MG, Bachheti RK, Bachheti A, Gebeyhu R, Chaubey KK. Plants and Plant-Derived Molecules as Natural Immunomodulators. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:7711297. [PMID: 37313550 PMCID: PMC10260316 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7711297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background. Nowadays, the immunomodulatory properties of plants have been studied extensively with greater interest due to increasing awareness and combating the severity of immunomodulatory diseases. Scope and Approach. This paper highlights the efficacy of the available literature evidence on natural immunomodulators of plant origin and synthetic ones. In addition, several aspects of plants and their phytoconstituents responsible for immunomodulation have been discussed. Moreover, this review also discusses the mechanism involved in immunomodulation. Key Findings. One hundred fifty medicinal immunomodulatory plants are currently identified to find novel immunomodulatory drugs. Of these plants, the plant family Asteraceae also takes the first rank by offering 18 plant species (12%). Similarly of the plants studied so far, 40% belong to the Asteraceae family. Echinacea purpurea of this family is most known for its immunostimulating activity. The most prominent immune-active bioactive molecules are polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Also, eight plant bioactive immunomodulators were checked for clinical trials and found in the market. These are six immunosuppressants, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, quercetin, colchicine, capsaicin, and andrographolide, and two immunostimulants, curcumin and genistein. Nowadays, there are a lot of polyherbal traditional medicinal products sold in the market and claimed to their immunomodulators. However, much work is still needed to find more active immunomodulatory agents. The mechanism by which immunomodulatory medicinal plant exert their effect is through the induction of cytokines and phagocyte cells and the inhibition of iNOS, PGE, and COX-2 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Zebeaman
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, College of Applied Science, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Getachew Tadesse
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Bioprocess, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rakesh Kumar Bachheti
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, College of Applied Science, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Bioprocess, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Archana Bachheti
- Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahel Gebeyhu
- Microbiology Department, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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Hotchkiss AT, Chau HK, Strahan GD, Nuñez A, Harron A, Simon S, White AK, Yadav MP, Yeom HW. Carrot rhamnogalacturonan I structure and composition changed during 2017 in California. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jermendi É, Fernández-Lainez C, Beukema M, López-Velázquez G, van den Berg MA, de Vos P, Schols HA. TLR 2/1 interaction of pectin depends on its chemical structure and conformation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120444. [PMID: 36657837 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Citrus pectins have demonstrated health benefits through direct interaction with Toll-like receptor 2. Methyl-ester distribution patterns over the homogalacturonan were found to contribute to such immunomodulatory activity, therefore molecular interactions with TLR2 were studied. Molecular-docking analysis was performed using four GalA-heptamers, GalA7Me0, GalA7Me1,6, GalA7Me1,7 and GalA7Me2,5. The molecular relations were measured in various possible conformations. Furthermore, commercial citrus pectins were characterized by enzymatic fingerprinting using polygalacturonase and pectin-lyase to determine their methyl-ester distribution patterns. The response of 12 structurally different pectic polymers on TLR2 binding and the molecular docking with four pectic oligomers clearly demonstrated interactions with human-TLR2 in a structure-dependent way, where blocks of (non)methyl-esterified GalA were shown to inhibit TLR2/1 dimerization. Our results may be used to understand the immunomodulatory effects of certain pectins via TLR2. Knowledge of how pectins with certain methyl-ester distribution patterns bind to TLRs may lead to tailored pectins to prevent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Jermendi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Imán 1, piso 9, col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Martin Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Imán 1, piso 5, col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Marco A van den Berg
- DSM Food & Beverages, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613, AX, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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8
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Chen F, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ding S, Qin Y, Jiang L, Wang R. High pressure processing improves the texture quality of fermented minced pepper by maintaining pectin characteristics during storage. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2427-2439. [PMID: 35590481 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Texture quality affects the sensory and market acceptance of fermentation minced pepper (FMP), but it will deteriorate during storage. Thus, high pressure processing (HPP) and thermal pasteurization (TP) were used to improve the texture quality of FMP during storage. The results showed that variations in texture quality and pectin characteristics under HPP and TP treatments were similar during storage. The hardness, cell wall material (CWM) and sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (SSP) content, water-soluble pectin (WSP) molecular weight (Mw ) decreased, while WSP content and sodium chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) Mw increased after storage. HPP-treated FMP showed higher hardness (66.64-85.95 N) than that in TP-treated one (57.23-62.72 N) during storage. Rhamnose (Rha), arabinose, mannose, and glucose were the crucial compositions in three pectins, and their total molar ratios, respectively, reached 89.19% and 87.97% after HPP and TP treatment. However, the molar ratio of most monosaccharide in three pectins decreased after storage. Atomic force microscope images indicated the short chains and branch structures increased but aggregates decreased in most pectin components during storage. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated FMP hardness was extremely (p < 0.01) positively correlated with CWM and SSP content, and extremely (p < 0.01) negatively correlated with WSP content. Compared to TP treatment, HPP presented higher hardness, SSP content and Mw , Rha content, CSP Mw , and lower WSP content during storage. Hence, HPP was an effective method to improve the texture quality of FMP by maintaining pectin characteristics during storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Softening is one of the main factors affecting market value and consumer preferences for FMP, and it is closely related to the modification and depolymerization of pectin. Changes of texture quality and pectin properties in HPP- and TP-treated FMP during storage were assessed, including hardness, the content, monosaccharide compositions, Mw distribution, and nanostructure of WSP, SSP, and CSP. Compared to TP treatment, HPP could effectively improve the texture quality of FMP by inhibiting pectin degradation during storage. All the findings presented in this study would help to provide new insights into regulating the texture quality of FMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingrui Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Ding
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yeyou Qin
- Hunan Tantanxiang Food Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Pectic polysaccharides: Targeting gut microbiota in obesity and intestinal health. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Govers C, Calder PC, Savelkoul HFJ, Albers R, van Neerven RJJ. Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841532. [PMID: 35296080 PMCID: PMC8918570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections place a heavy burden on the health care system, particularly in the winter months. Individuals with a vulnerable immune system, such as very young children and the elderly, and those with an immune deficiency, are at increased risk of contracting a respiratory infection. Most respiratory infections are relatively mild and affect the upper respiratory tract only, but other infections can be more serious. These can lead to pneumonia and be life-threatening in vulnerable groups. Rather than focus entirely on treating the symptoms of infectious disease, optimizing immune responsiveness to the pathogens causing these infections may help steer towards a more favorable outcome. Nutrition may have a role in such prevention through different immune supporting mechanisms. Nutrition contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, with various nutrients acting as energy sources and building blocks during the immune response. Many micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as regulators of molecular responses of immune cells to infection. It is well described that chronic undernutrition as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies impair many aspects of the immune response and make individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, other dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and also animal- and plant-derived bioactive components can further support the immune system. Both the innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to active antiviral respiratory tract immunity. The initial response to viral airway infections is through recognition by the innate immune system of viral components leading to activation of adaptive immune cells in the form of cytotoxic T cells, the production of neutralizing antibodies and the induction of memory T and B cell responses. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of a range different dietary components on anti-infective innate as well as adaptive immune responses and to propose mechanisms by which they may interact with the immune system in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Research & Development, FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. J. Joost van Neerven,
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11
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Lee HB, Oh MJ, Ho Do M, Kim Y, Choi I, Kim YS, Park HY. Dietary rhamnogalacturonan-Ⅰ rich extracts of molokhia ameliorate high fat diet-induced obesity and gut dysbiosis. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 103:108954. [PMID: 35121021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health issue associated with increased prevalence of disease and mortality. Molokhia (Corchorus olitorius L.) leaves, used as vegetables in Asia and Africa, comprise abundant water-soluble mucilage polysaccharides. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of molokhia leaf polysaccharide fraction (MPF) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and gut dysbiosis in mice. A significant decrease was observed in the body weight, adipocyte size, triglyceride serum, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as well as in the expression of lipid synthesis-related proteins in mice treated with 4 mg/kg of MPF (MPF4). Moreover, the expression of the tight junction protein increased significantly; however, gut permeability and related inflammatory marker levels decreased in the MPF4 group. Furthermore, MPF ameliorated gut dysbiosis, whereas the MPF4 group presented a decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratios and an increased abundance of Akkermansia during exposure to HFD. Our findings reveal that rhamnogalacturonan-Ⅰ rich MPF attenuates obesity in mice subjected to HFD by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Oh
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Ho Do
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwook Choi
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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12
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The Dietary Intake of Carrot-Derived Rhamnogalacturonan-I Accelerates and Augments the Innate Immune and Anti-Viral Interferon Response to Rhinovirus Infection and Reduces Duration and Severity of Symptoms in Humans in a Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124395. [PMID: 34959949 PMCID: PMC8704532 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections are an important health concern. Traditionally, polysaccharide-enriched extracts from plants, containing immunomodulatory rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-1), were used prophylactically. We established the effects of dietary supplementation with carrot-derived RG-I (cRG-I, 0–0.3–1.5 g/day) in 177 healthy individuals (18–65 years) on symptoms following infection with rhinovirus strain 16 (RV16). Primary outcomes were changes in severity and duration of symptoms, and viral load in nasal lavage. Secondary outcomes were changes in innate immune and anti-viral responses, reflected by CXCL10 and CXCL8 levels and cell differentials in nasal lavage. In a nested cohort, exploratory transcriptome analysis was conducted on nasal epithelium. Intake of cRG-I was safe, well-tolerated and accelerated local cellular and humoral innate immune responses induced by RV16 infection, with the strongest effects at 1.5 g/d. At 0.3 g/d, a faster interferon-induced response, induction of the key anti-viral gene EIF2AK2, faster viral clearance, and reduced symptom severity (−20%) and duration (−25%) were observed. Anti-viral responses, viral clearance and symptom scores at 1.5 g/d were in between those of 0 and 0.3 g/d, suggesting a negative feedback loop preventing excessive interferon responses. Dietary intake of cRG-I accelerated innate immune and antiviral responses, and reduced symptoms of an acute respiratory viral infection.
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Consistent Prebiotic Effects of Carrot RG-I on the Gut Microbiota of Four Human Adult Donors in the SHIME ® Model despite Baseline Individual Variability. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102142. [PMID: 34683463 PMCID: PMC8538933 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is currently recognized to play a vital role in human biology and development, with diet as a major modulator. Therefore, novel indigestible polysaccharides that confer a health benefit upon their fermentation by the microbiome are under investigation. Based on the recently demonstrated prebiotic potential of a carrot-derived pectin extract enriched for rhamnogalacturonan I (cRG-I), the current study aimed to assess the impact of cRG-I upon repeated administration using the M-SHIME technology (3 weeks at 3g cRG-I/d). Consistent effects across four simulated adult donors included enhanced levels of acetate (+21.1 mM), propionate (+17.6 mM), and to a lesser extent butyrate (+4.1 mM), coinciding with a marked increase of OTUs related to Bacteroides dorei and Prevotella species with versatile enzymatic potential likely allowing them to serve as primary degraders of cRG-I. These Bacteroidetes members are able to produce succinate, explaining the consistent increase of an OTU related to the succinate-converting Phascolarctobacterium faecium (+0.47 log10(cells/mL)). While the Bifidobacteriaceae family remained unaffected, a specific OTU related to Bifidobacterium longum increased significantly upon cRG-I treatment (+1.32 log10(cells/mL)). Additional monoculture experiments suggested that Bifidobacterium species are unable to ferment cRG-I structures as such and that B. longum probably feeds on arabinan and galactan side chains of cRG-I, released by aforementioned Bacteroidetes members. Overall, this study confirms the prebiotic potential of cRG-I and additionally highlights the marked consistency of the microbial changes observed across simulated subjects, suggesting the involvement of a specialized consortium in cRG-I fermentation by the human gut microbiome.
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