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Jang JH, Jang SY, Ahn S, Oh JY, Yeom M, Ko SJ, Park JW, Kwon SK, Kim K, Lee IS, Hahm DH, Park HJ. Chronic Gut Inflammation and Dysbiosis in IBS: Unraveling Their Contribution to Atopic Dermatitis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2753. [PMID: 38473999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a link between atopic dermatitis (AD) and gastrointestinal disorders, particularly in relation to gut microbial dysbiosis. This study explored the potential exacerbation of AD by gut inflammation and microbial imbalances using an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) mouse model. Chronic gut inflammation was induced in the model by intrarectal injection of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), followed by a 4-week development period. We noted significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon and evident gut microbial dysbiosis in the IBS mice. Additionally, these mice exhibited impaired gut barrier function, increased permeability, and elevated systemic inflammation markers such as IL-6 and LPS. A subsequent MC903 challenge on the right cheek lasting for 7 days revealed more severe AD symptoms in IBS mice compared to controls. Further, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from IBS mice resulted in aggravated AD symptoms, a result similarly observed with FMT from an IBS patient. Notably, an increased abundance of Alistipes in the feces of IBS mice correlated with heightened systemic and localized inflammation in both the gut and skin. These findings collectively indicate that chronic gut inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in IBS are critical factors exacerbating AD, highlighting the integral relationship between gut and skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Jang
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Ahn
- Department of Anatomy and Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Oh
- Department of Anatomy and Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Kyeong Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuseok Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Dermatology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Lee
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy and Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science & Technology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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Veraza DI, Calderon G, Jansson-Knodell C, Aljaras R, Foster ED, Xu H, Biruete A, Shin A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of diet and nutrient intake in adults with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14698. [PMID: 37897138 PMCID: PMC10963049 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous individual and environmental factors including diet may play an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is unclear to what degree dietary intake is affected in individuals with IBS. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize dietary intake of adults with IBS and to compare dietary intake between adults with IBS and non-IBS controls. METHODS Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched through February 2023 for clinical trials and observational studies measuring usual diet in adults with IBS. Pooled weighted averages were estimated for total energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient data. Mean differences (MD) in nutrient intake were estimated for adults with IBS versus non-IBS controls using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the inconsistency index (I2). KEY RESULTS Sixty-three full-text articles were included in the review of which 29 studies included both IBS and control subjects. Nutrients not meeting the recommended intake level for any dietary reference values in the IBS population were fiber and vitamin D. Meta-regression by female proportion was positively correlated with total fat intake and negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake. Comparisons between participants with IBS and controls showed significantly lower fiber intake in participants with IBS with high heterogeneity (MD: -1.8; 95% CI: -3.0, -0.6; I2 = 85%). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES This review suggests that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS; however, overall dietary intake does not appear to be comprised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber in IBS deserve further study. Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS. However, overall intake of other macro- and micronutrients does not appear to be compromised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber and Vitamin D intake in IBS deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Izquierdo Veraza
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gerardo Calderon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claire Jansson-Knodell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rawan Aljaras
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Erin D Foster
- UC Berkeley Library, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Huiping Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Annabel Biruete
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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3
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Chen EY, Mahurkar-Joshi S, Liu C, Jaffe N, Labus JS, Dong TS, Gupta A, Patel S, Mayer EA, Chang L. The Association Between a Mediterranean Diet and Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:164-172.e6. [PMID: 37517631 PMCID: PMC10849937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Low adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) has been shown to be associated with a higher prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but its association with IBS symptoms is not established. We aim to assess the association between MD and IBS symptoms, identify components of MD associated with IBS symptoms, and determine if a symptom-modified MD is associated with changes in the gut microbiome. METHODS One hundred and six Rome +IBS and 108 health control participants completed diet history and gastrointestinal symptom questionnaires. Adherence to MD was measured using Alternate Mediterranean Diet and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener. Sparse partial least squares analysis identified MD food items associated with IBS symptoms. Stool samples were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and microbial composition analysis in IBS subjects. RESULTS Alternate Mediterranean Diet and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener scores were similar between IBS and health control subjects and did not correlate with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System, abdominal pain, or bloating. Among IBS participants, a higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, sugar, and butter was associated with a greater severity of IBS symptoms. Multivariate analysis identified several MD foods to be associated with increased IBS symptoms. A higher adherence to symptom-modified MD was associated with a lower abundance of potentially harmful Faecalitalea, Streptococcus, and Intestinibacter, and higher abundance of potentially beneficial Holdemanella from the Firmicutes phylum. CONCLUSIONS A standard MD was not associated with IBS symptom severity, although certain MD foods were associated with increased IBS symptoms. Our study suggests that standard MD may not be suitable for all patients with IBS and likely needs to be personalized in those with increased symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Y Chen
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cathy Liu
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nancee Jaffe
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tien S Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shravya Patel
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lin Chang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, California.
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4
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Piazzesi A, Putignani L. Impact of helminth-microbiome interactions on childhood health and development-A clinical perspective. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12949. [PMID: 36063358 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Humans have co-existed with parasites for virtually the entirety of our existence as a species. Today, nearly one third of the human population is infected with at least one helminthic species, most of which reside in the intestinal tract, where they have co-evolved alongside the human gut microbiota (GM). Appreciation for the interconnected relationship between helminths and GM has increased in recent years. Here, we review the evidence of how helminths and GM can influence various aspects of childhood development and the onset of paediatric diseases. We discuss the emerging evidence of how many of the changes that parasitic worms inflict on their host is enacted through gut microbes. In this light, we argue that helminth-induced microbiota modifications are of great importance in both facing the global challenge of overcoming parasitic infections, and in replicating helminthic protective effects against inflammatory diseases. We propose that deepening our knowledge of helminth-microbiota interactions will uncover novel, safer and more effective therapeutic strategies in combatting an array of childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Piazzesi
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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5
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Rosa CD, Altomare A, Terrigno V, Carbone F, Tack J, Cicala M, Guarino MPL. Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-C): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071647. [PMID: 37049488 PMCID: PMC10096616 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. The pathogenesis of IBS is not completely clear, but it is known to be multifactorial and complex. Endogenous and exogenous factors such as abnormal GI motility, low-grade inflammation, increased epithelial permeability and visceral hypersensitivity, but diet and psychosocial aspects are also recognized as important actors. Furthermore, the interaction between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of IBS. To date, there is no specific diet for IBS with constipation (IBS-C); however, many studies show that fiber intake, especially soluble fiber such as inulin, could have a positive effect on symptoms. This review aims to evaluate the effects of some nutritional components such as fibers but also functional foods, prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics on symptoms and microbiota in IBS-C subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Rosa
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy; (C.D.R.)
| | - Annamaria Altomare
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Vittoria Terrigno
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy; (C.D.R.)
| | - Florencia Carbone
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michele Cicala
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200-00128 Roma, Italy
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6
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Parisse S, Carnevale S, Di Bartolomeo F, Poli E, Miceli F, Ferri F, Mischitelli M, Rocco B, Lai Q, Lucatelli P, Corona M, Mennini G, De Santis A, Rossi M, Muscaritoli M, Cantafora A, Ginanni Corradini S. A Low Daily Intake of Simple Sugars in the Diet Is Associated with Improved Liver Function in Cirrhotic Liver Transplant Candidates. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071575. [PMID: 37049416 PMCID: PMC10097197 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We investigated, for the first time, whether dietary simple sugar intake affects MELD score changes over time in a cohort of cirrhotic liver transplant candidates. (2) Methods: the MELD score, dietary habits using a 3-day food diary, and visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) measured with CT scan were assessed in 80 consecutive outpatient cirrhotic patients at baseline, after counseling to follow current nutritional guidelines. The MELD score was reassessed after six months and the DELTA-MELD was calculated as the MELD at the second assessment minus the MELD at baseline. (3) Results: Compared with the baseline, the MELD score of cirrhotic patients at the end of the study was decreased, stable, or increased in 36%, 8% and 56% of patients, respectively. In separate multiple linear regression models, DELTA-MELD was positively and independently correlated with the daily intake of simple sugars expressed in g/kg body weight (p = 0.01) or as a percentage of total caloric intake (p = 0.0004) and with the number of daily portions of fruit, added sugar, jam, and honey (p = 0.003). These associations were present almost exclusively in patients with VATI above the median value. (4) Conclusions: In cirrhotic patients with high amounts of visceral adipose tissue the consumption of simple sugars and fructose should be limited to improve their clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Parisse
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Poli
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Miceli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Ferri
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Mischitelli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Rocco
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Quirino Lai
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierleone Lucatelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Corona
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mennini
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano De Santis
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Rossi
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cantafora
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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7
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Kim GH, Lee K, Shim JO. Gut Bacterial Dysbiosis in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a Case-Control Study and a Cross-Cohort Analysis Using Publicly Available Data Sets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0212522. [PMID: 36652592 PMCID: PMC9927514 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02125-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the gut microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows discordant results due to inconsistent study designs or small sample sizes. This study aimed to characterize how gut microbiota in IBS patients differs from that in healthy controls by performing a case-control study and cross- and mega-cohort analysis. Multiple publicly shared data sets were examined by using a unified analytical approach. We performed 16S rRNA gene (V3-4) sequencing and taxonomic profiling of the gut bacterial communities. Fecal samples from children with IBS (n = 19) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 24) were used. Next, we analyzed 10 separate data sets using a unified data-processing and analytical approach. In total, 567 IBS patients and 487 healthy controls were examined. In our data sets, no significant differences existed in stool α-diversity between IBS patients and healthy controls. After combining all the data sets using a unified data-processing method, we found significantly lower α-diversity in IBS patients than in healthy controls. In addition, the relative abundance of 21 bacterial species differed between the IBS patients and healthy participants. Although the causal relationship is uncertain, gut bacterial dysbiosis is associated with IBS. Further functional studies are needed to assess whether the change in gut microorganisms contributes to the development of IBS. IMPORTANCE Research on the gut bacteria in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows discordant results due to inconsistent study designs or small sample sizes. To overcome these issues, we analyzed microbiota of 567 IBS patients and 487 healthy people from 10 shared data sets using a unified method. We demonstrated that gut bacteria are less diverse in IBS patients than in healthy people. In addition, the abundance of 21 bacterial species is different between the two groups. Altered bacterial balance, called dysbiosis, has been reported in several disease states. Although the causal relationship is uncertain, gut bacterial dysbiosis also seems to be associated with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Ha Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jung Ok Shim
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Rodpai R, Sanpool O, Janwan P, Boonroumkaew P, Sadaow L, Thanchomnang T, Intapan PM, Maleewong W. Gut microbiota diversity in human strongyloidiasis differs little in two different regions in endemic areas of Thailand. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279766. [PMID: 36584127 PMCID: PMC9803247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal helminthic infections have a direct and/or indirect effect on the composition of the host gut microbial flora. Here, we investigated the effect of infection with a soil-transmitted intestinal nematode, Strongyloides stercoralis, on the gut microbiota of the human host. We also investigated whether composition of the microbiota in infected persons might vary across endemic regions. Fecal samples were obtained from volunteers from two areas endemic for strongyloidiasis, Khon Kaen Province in northeastern Thailand and Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in southern Thailand. Samples from Khon Kaen were from infected (SsNE) and uninfected (NegNE) individuals. Similarly, samples from the latter province were from infected (SsST) and uninfected (NegST) individuals. DNA sequences of the V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were obtained from the fecal samples. No statistical difference in alpha diversity between groups in terms of richness or diversity were found. Statistical difference in beta diversity was observed only between NegNE and NegST. Some significant differences in species abundance were noted between geographical isolates. The SsNE group had a higher abundance of Tetragenococcus holophilus than did the SsST group, whereas Bradyrhizobium sp. was less abundant in the SsNE than the SsST group. For the uninfected groups, the NegNE had a higher abundance of T. holophilus than the NegST group. Our data showed that S. stercoralis infection leads to only minor alterations in the relative abundance of individual bacterial species in the human gut: no detectable effect was observed on community structure and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutchanee Rodpai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Penchom Janwan
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Lakkhana Sadaow
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M. Intapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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9
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The Mediterranean Diet in Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010079. [PMID: 36615737 PMCID: PMC9823641 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide, thanks to a combination of foods rich mainly in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients. Many studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between the Mediterranean diet and some chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the role of the Mediterranean diet in several gastrointestinal diseases, so as to give a useful overview on its effectiveness in the prevention and management of these disorders.
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10
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Piazzesi A, Putignani L. Extremely small and incredibly close: Gut microbes as modulators of inflammation and targets for therapeutic intervention. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958346. [PMID: 36071979 PMCID: PMC9441770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark for a variety of disorders and is at least partially responsible for disease progression and poor patient health. In recent years, the microbiota inhabiting the human gut has been associated with not only intestinal inflammatory diseases but also those that affect the brain, liver, lungs, and joints. Despite a strong correlation between specific microbial signatures and inflammation, whether or not these microbes are disease markers or disease drivers is still a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss what is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can modulate inflammation, both in the intestine and beyond. We identify the current gaps in our knowledge of biological mechanisms, discuss how these gaps have likely contributed to the uncertain outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic clinical trials, and suggest how both mechanistic insight and -omics-based approaches can better inform study design and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Piazzesi
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorenza Putignani,
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The Role of Food in the Treatment of Bowel Disorders: Focus on Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:947-957. [PMID: 35435179 PMCID: PMC9169760 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional constipation (FC) are among the most common disorders of gut-brain interaction, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Most patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction perceive food as a trigger for their gastrointestinal symptoms, and specific dietary manipulations/advice have now been recognized as a cornerstone therapeutic option for IBS and FC. We discuss in detail the 2 most common dietary interventions used for the management of IBS-general dietary advice based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines and a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs). We summarize the literature around the possible mechanisms of FODMAP-mediated IBS pathophysiology, the current 3-step, top-down approach of administering a low FODMAP diet (LFD) (restriction phase, followed by reintroduction and personalization), the efficacy data of its restriction and personalization phases, and possible biomarkers for response to an LFD. We also summarize the limitations and challenges of an LFD along with the alternative approach to administering an LFD (e.g., bottom-up). Finally, we discuss the available efficacy data for fiber, other dietary interventions (e.g., Mediterranean diet, gluten-free diet, and holistic dietary interventions), and functional foods (e.g., kiwifruit, rhubarb, aloe, and prunes) in the management of IBS and FC.
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Zhang T, Xie B, Liu H. High-fat and high-protein diets from different sources induce different intestinal malodorous gases and inflammation. Food Res Int 2022; 154:110989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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