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He MT, Shin YS, Kim HY, Cho EJ. Carthamus tinctorius seeds- Taraxacum coreanum combination attenuates scopolamine-induced memory deficit through regulation of inflammatory response and cholinergic function. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:647-662. [PMID: 39398878 PMCID: PMC11464282 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.5.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There is growing interest in herbal medicines for managing age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds, CTS) and dandelions (Taraxacum coreanum, TC) are widely used to treat bone- or inflammation-related diseases in Oriental countries. This study investigated the protective effect of the CTS-TC combination on scopolamine (Sco)-induced memory deficits through inflammatory response and cholinergic function. Moreover, marker components such as serotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid in the CTS-TC combination were analyzed for their potential benefits on memory function. MATERIALS/METHODS Water extracts of CTS, TC, and the CTS-TC combination at various ratios (4:1, 1:1, and 1:4) (100 mg/kg) were orally administered to mice for 14 days. Sco (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the mice before each behavioral test. T-maze and novel object recognition tests were conducted to monitor behavioral changes after the treatment. Western blotting was performed to detect protein expression. In addition, the presence of 5 biomarkers, serotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid, was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Behavioral tests showed that the CTS-TC combination enhanced memory function in Sco-injected mice. Inflammation-related proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) were downregulated after treatment with the CTS-TC combination. The acetylcholinesterase protein expression was also downregulated. HPLC analysis revealed that N-feruloylserotonin and chicoric acid were the predominant components, followed by N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, chlorogenic acid, and serotonin. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the CTS-TC combination protects against Sco-induced memory deficits by inhibiting inflammatory responses and cholinergic dysfunction. N-feruloylserotonin and chicoric acid, along with N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, chlorogenic acid, and serotonin, might be biomarkers for the CTS-TC combination, and their effects on memory protection warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tong He
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Yu-Su Shin
- Department of Ginseng and Medicinal Herb, National Institute of Horticulture Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Program: Precision Nutrition Program for Future Global Leaders, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Thongrong S, Promsrisuk T, Sriraksa N, Surapinit S, Jittiwat J, Kongsui R. Alleviative effect of scopolamine‑induced memory deficit via enhancing antioxidant and cholinergic function in rats by pinostrobin from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.). Biomed Rep 2024; 21:130. [PMID: 39070112 PMCID: PMC11273195 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinostrobin, a key bioactive compound found in the medicinal plant Boesenbergia rotunda (L.), has been noted for its beneficial biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and anti-amnesia activities. In view of this, the present study purposed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of pinostrobin in reversing scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment involving oxidative stress and cholinergic function in rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6): Group 1 received vehicle as a control, group 2 received vehicle + scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.), group 3 received pinostrobin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) + scopolamine, group 4 received pinostrobin (40 mg/kg, p.o.) + scopolamine and group 5 received donepezil (5 mg/kg, p.o.) + scopolamine. Treatments were administered orally to the rats for 14 days. During the final 7 days of treatment, a daily injection of scopolamine was administered. Scopolamine impaired learning and memory performance, as measured by the novel object recognition test and the Y-maze test. Additionally, oxidative stress marker levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) expression were determined. Consequently, the findings demonstrated that the administration of pinostrobin (20 and 40 mg/kg) markedly improved cognitive function as indicated by an increase in recognition index and by spontaneous alternation behaviour. Pinostrobin also modulated the levels of oxidative stress by causing a decrease in malondialdehyde levels accompanied by increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities. Similarly, pinostrobin markedly enhanced cholinergic function by decreasing AChE activity and promoting ChAT immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. Additionally, the reduction in GluR1 expression due to scopolamine was diminished by treatment with pinostrobin. The findings indicated that pinostrobin exhibited a significant restoration of scopolamine-induced memory impairment by regulating oxidative stress and cholinergic system function. Thus, pinostrobin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitthisak Thongrong
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Tichanon Promsrisuk
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Napatr Sriraksa
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Serm Surapinit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Ratchaniporn Kongsui
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Doan TP, Zhang M, An JP, Ponce-Zea JE, Mai VH, Ryu B, Park EJ, Oh WK. Metabolite Profiling of Allium hookeri Leaves Using UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and the Senomorphic Activity of Phenolamides. Nutrients 2023; 15:5109. [PMID: 38140368 PMCID: PMC10747020 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant Allium hookeri, a member of the Allium genus, has a rich history of culinary and medicinal use. Recent studies have unveiled its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. While research on A. hookeri has demonstrated its neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects, the specific bioactive compounds responsible for these effects remain unidentified in prior research. This study utilized an untargeted metabolomic approach, employing HRESI-qTOF MS/MS-based molecular networking, to comprehensively profile the chemical composition of metabolites in A. hookeri and identify new compounds within the plant. As a result, ten compounds, comprising one novel flavonoid (2) and nine known compounds (1 and 3-10), were isolated and identified through NMR analysis. The inhibitory effects of all isolated compounds on the senescent cell-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is pivotal in neuroprotective actions, were evaluated. Biological activity testing revealed N-trans-feruloyltyramine (7) to be the most potent compound, effectively inhibiting SASP markers and contributing to the senomorphic activities of A. hookeri. These findings underscore the potential of phenolamides from A. hookeri as a promising source of bioactive compounds for mitigating senescence-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Won-Keun Oh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (T.-P.D.); (M.Z.); (J.-P.A.); (J.-E.P.-Z.); (V.-H.M.); (B.R.); (E.-J.P.)
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Handa M, Sanap SN, Bhatta RS, Patil GP, Ghose S, Singh DP, Shukla R. Combining donepezil and memantine via mannosylated PLGA nanoparticles for intranasal delivery: Characterization and preclinical studies. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213663. [PMID: 37865027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The current work is focused on developing mannose-coated PLGA nanoparticles for delivering Donepezil and Memantine in one dosage form. The formulated nanoparticles were prepared using a simple emulsification technique. The final coated NPs exhibited 179.4 nm size and - 33.1 mV zeta potential and spherical shape. The concentration of IN-administrated MEM and DPZ mannose coated NPs in brain was ~573 and 207 ng/mL respectively. This amount accounts for 3 times more in comparison to uncoated NPs administered via intranasal and peroral routes. The plasma concentration of coated NPs administered via the intranasal route was various times less in comparison to other groups. In the field of pharmacodynamics, the administration of coated NPs via the IN route has shown superior efficacy in comparison to other groups in various investigations involving neurobehavioral assessments, gene expression analyses and biochemical estimations. The findings indicate that the IN route may be a potential avenue for delivering therapeutic agents using nanoparticles to treat neurological illnesses. This approach shows promise as a viable alternative to traditional dose forms and administration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Gajanan Pratap Patil
- Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Suchetana Ghose
- Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India.
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Kim JS, Kim HJ, Lee EB, Choi JH, Jung J, Jang HH, Park SY, Ha KC, Park YK, Joo JC, Lee SH. Supplementary Effects of Allium hookeri Extract on Glucose Tolerance in Prediabetic Subjects and C57BL/KsJ- db/db Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1364. [PMID: 37895834 PMCID: PMC10610268 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium hookeri (AH) has been used as a nutritional and medicinal food in Asia for many years. Our previous studies have described its anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models and prediabetes. This study investigated whether AH could improve glycemia by modulating insulin secretion in prediabetic subjects through an in-depth study. Eighty prediabetic subjects (100 ≤ fasting plasma glucose < 140 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to a placebo (n = 40) group or an ethanol AH extract (500 mg/day, n = 40) group for 12 weeks. Dietary intake and physical activity, blood glucose (an oral glucose tolerance test for 120 min), insulin (insulin response to oral glucose for 120 min), area under the curve (AUC) of glucose or insulin after oral glucose intake, insulin sensitivity markers, C-peptide, adiponectin, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, hematological tests (WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count), blood biochemical parameters (ALP, AST, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, gamma-GT, BUN, creatinine, LD, CK, and hs-CRP), and urine parameters (specific gravity and pH) were examined at both baseline and 12 weeks after supplementation with placebo or AH capsules. Fifty-eight participants (placebo group: 20 men and 10 women; AH group: 13 men and 15 women) completed the study. AH supplementation moderately reduced postprandial blood glucose at 60 min (-6.14 mg/dL, p = 0.061), postprandial insulin levels at 90 min (-16.69 µU/mL, p = 0.017), the glucose AUC at 90 min (-412.52 mg*min/dL, p = 0.021), as well as the insulin AUC at 90 min (-978.77 µU*min/mL, p = 0.021) and 120 min (-1426.41 µU*min/mL, p = 0.015) when compared with the placebo group. However, there were no effects of AH on dietary intake and physical activity; HOMA index; HbAlc; C-peptide; or adiponectin, hematological-, blood biochemical-, and urinary markers. To confirm the effects of AH extract on blood glucose insulin sensitivity, C57BL/6J or C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were used (n = 8/group). Body weight, fasting plasma glucose level, lipid profiles, liver and renal function, pancreatic histology, and insulin immunoreactivity were assessed. In the diabetic db/db mice, hyperglycemia, which was accompanied by an increase in insulin secretion in diabetic mice, was significantly reduced by AH treatment, resulting in the alleviation of β-cell overcompensation and insulin resistance. We confirmed that AH supplementation can effectively control blood glucose and insulin levels by improving insulin sensitivity and may be a potential agent for glycemic control in subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kim
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Kimchi Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Jeolla, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Byeol Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Jieun Jung
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju 54858, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.H.); (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Yu-Kyung Park
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju 54858, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.H.); (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Jong-Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
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Sandeep Ganesh G, Konduri P, Kolusu AS, Namburi SV, Chunduru BTC, Nemmani KVS, Samudrala PK. Neuroprotective Effect of Saroglitazar on Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer's in Rats: Insights into the Underlying Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3444-3459. [PMID: 37669120 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent and progressive neurodegenerative disorders, hallmarked by increased amyloid-β deposition and enhanced oxidative load in the brain, ensuing cognitive decline. The present study is aimed at elucidating the neuroprotective effect of saroglitazar, a dual peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα/γ) agonist used in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia, against memory impairment induced by intraperitoneal scopolamine injection. 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: (A) Veh + Veh, (B) SGZ + Veh, (C) Veh + SCOP, (D) DPZ + SCOP, and (E) SGZ + SCOP. Rats of the respective groups were pretreated with saroglitazar (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and donepezil (3 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 16 days. During the final 9 days of the study, a daily injection of scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the respective groups. Adjacent to the scopolamine injection, behavioral tests such as the open field, Y maze, novel object recognition test, and Morris water maze were conducted to assess learning and memory. Additionally, biochemical parameters such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), β-amyloid levels, and NF-κB were measured in the hippocampus. The rats that received scopolamine injections showed significantly impaired short-term spatial and learning memory. This was associated with an increase in β-amyloid, iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde, NF-κB, and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus of AD rats. On the other hand, saroglitazar has provided promising data on its protective role in cognition by protecting the BDNF, SOD, and GSH decline. As a result, saroglitazar was found to be a promising therapy in AD by upregulating the antioxidant status and cholinergic activity and preventing memory loss. Collectively, findings in the present study revealed that saroglitazar protected AD by suppressing scopolamine-mediated learning and memory deficits, oxidative stress, and cholinergic damage. Studying these mechanisms may conclude the protective role of saroglitazar against AD. However, further studies in transgenic animals will provide numerous insights into treatment mechanisms and contribute to developing a therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grandhi Sandeep Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Prasad Konduri
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Aravinda Sai Kolusu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Srihari Vandana Namburi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Bala Tejo Chandra Chunduru
- Clinical Data Manager, STATMINDS LLC, 501 Allendale Rd Suite 202, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Kumar V S Nemmani
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
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Handa M, Sanap SN, Bhatta RS, Patil GP, Palkhade R, Singh DP, Shukla R. Simultaneous Intranasal Codelivery of Donepezil and Memantine in a Nanocolloidal Carrier: Optimization, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics Studies. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4714-4728. [PMID: 37523676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on developing nanoemulsions using a low-energy emulsification method for the codelivery of donepezil and memantine in one dosage form intended to be administered via the intranasal route for enhanced brain delivery. The nanoemulsion formulation was prepared using a low emulsification technique and characterized using various microscopy and nasal ciliotoxicity studies. The safe nanoemulsion was intended for preclinical pharmacokinetics with brain distribution and pharmacodynamics in a scopolamine-induced murine model. The formulated nanoemulsion was 16 nm in size, with a zeta potential of -7.22 mV, and exhibited a spherical shape. The brain concentration of IN-administered NE for DPZ and MEM was ∼678 and 249 ng/mL after 15 min. This concentration is more than 2 times higher in amount when compared with NE administered via PO, free drug solution administered via IN and PO route both. However, the plasma concentration of IN-administered NE for DPZ and MEM was ∼3 and 28 ng/mL after 15 min. In pharmacodynamic studies, the efficacy of NE administered via the IN route was higher when compared with other groups in neurobehavioral, biochemical estimation, and gene expression studies. The results suggest that the IN route can be explored in the future for the delivery of actives via nanocolloidal carriers in the brain for neurological disorders and can serve as promising alternatives for conventional dosage forms and routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Gajanan Pratap Patil
- Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Rajendra Palkhade
- Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
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AlGhamdi SA, Al-Abbasi FA, Alghamdi AM, Omer AB, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alamri A, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Kazmi I. Barbigerone prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase levels. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230013. [PMID: 37063992 PMCID: PMC10090886 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed for the evaluation of barbigerone on memory loss. In this experimental study, 24 Wistar rats (n = 6) were used. Control rats and scopolamine (SCOP)-treated control group rats were orally administered with 3 ml of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (vehicle), whereas barbigerone was (10 and 20 mg kg-1) administered orally to the rats from the test group. During the 14-day treatment, control group rats were given 3 ml kg-1 day-1 saline, and all other groups were administered SCOP (1 mg kg-1 day-1, i.p.) 1 h after barbigerone p.o. treatment. The spontaneous alternation activities, learning capacities of a rat's memory were tested with Morris water maze and Y-maze. Reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in rat brain tissue as oxidative stress/antioxidant markers. Moreover, the levels of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β were also estimated. Treatment with barbigerone in SCOP-administered rats dramatically reduced SCOP-induced neurobehavioural deficits, oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers, improved endogenous antioxidants, and restored AChE activity. By improving cholinergic function and reducing oxidative damage, barbigerone could mitigate the effects of SCOP-induced changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma B. Omer
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Foundation Year for the Health Colleges, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Jeong UY, Jung J, Lee EB, Choi JH, Kim JS, Jang HH, Park SY, Lee SH. Antioxidant and Immune Stimulating Effects of Allium hookeri Extracts in the RAW 264.7 Cells and Immune-Depressed C57BL/6 Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101927. [PMID: 36290655 PMCID: PMC9598749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects of the extracts from Allium hookeri leaves and roots (AHL and AHR) in in vitro and in vivo models. Their antioxidant effects were determined by total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The immunomodulatory effects were evaluated by nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine concentrations produced from RAW 264.7, and by serum IgA and IgG levels, cytokine levels, and NK cell activities in the immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice. AHL and AHR extracts improved antioxidant activities and productions of NO and cytokines without cytotoxicity in the RAW 264.7 cells. AHL and AHR groups showed significantly higher serum IgA and IgG levels, Th1 cytokine concentrations, splenocyte proliferations, and NK cell activities than the NC group which was not treated with AHL or AHR extract. AHR extract showed higher values than AHL extract in the factors evaluated in this study. The results show that they have high antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects and can be used as novel potential therapeutic candidates to treat related diseases and to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Yul Jeong
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-3681
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Flavonoid Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice: An In Vitro, In Vivo and Integrated Computational Approach. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060731. [PMID: 35741617 PMCID: PMC9221371 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are one of the most exciting types of phenolic compounds with a wide range of bioactive benefits. A series of flavone derivatives (F1–F5) were previously synthesized from substituted O-hydroxy acetophenone and substituted chloro-benzaldehydes. The titled compounds F1–F5 in the present study were evaluated for their anticholinesterase potential (against AChE and BuChE). The obtained results were then validated through a molecular docking approach. Compound F5 was found to be the most potent inhibitor of AChE (IC50 = 98.42 ± 0.97 µg/mL) followed by compound F4, whereas compound F2 was found to be the most promising inhibitor of BuChE (IC50 = 105.20 ± 1.43 µg/mL) among the tested compounds. The molecular docking analysis revealed a similar trend in the binding affinity of compounds with the targeted enzymes and found them to be capable of forming highly stable complexes with both receptors. The selected compounds were further subjected to in vivo assessment of cognitive function in a scopolamine-induced amnesic animal model, in which almost all compounds F1–F5 significantly attenuated the amnesic effects as evaluated through Y-Maze Paradigm and novel object discrimination (NOD) tasks, findings that were further supported by ex vivo experimental results. Among (F1–F5), F5 showed significant anti-amnesic effects in scopolamine-induced amnesic models and ameliorated the memory loss in behavioral model studies as compared to counterparts. In ex vivo study, noteworthy protection from oxidative stress in the brains of scopolamine-induced amnesic mice was also recorded for F5. These findings also confirmed that there were no significant differences among the in vivo and ex vivo results after administration of F1–F5 (7.5 or 15 mg/kg) or donepezil (2 mg/kg). These synthesized flavonoids could serve as potential candidates for new neuroprotective and nootropic drugs. However, further studies are needed to validate their observed potential in other animal models as well.
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Tang X, Lu J, Chen H, Zhai L, Zhang Y, Lou H, Wang Y, Sun L, Song B. Underlying Mechanism and Active Ingredients of Tianma Gouteng Acting on Cerebral Infarction as Determined via Network Pharmacology Analysis Combined With Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760503. [PMID: 34867377 PMCID: PMC8635202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infarction (CI), a common cerebrovascular disease worldwide, is caused by unknown factors common to many diseases, including hypokalemia, respiratory diseases, and lower extremity venous thrombosis. Tianma Gouteng (TMGT), a traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription, has been used for the clinical treatment of CI. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint analysis was used to detect and identify major chemical constituents of TMGT. TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases were used to screen for active TMGT constituent compounds, while the GeneCards database was used to screen for protein targets associated with CI. Next, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these core nodes were performed to determine the identities of key associated biological processes and signal pathways. Meanwhile, a total of six possible gene targets of TMGT, including NFKBIA, PPARG, IL6, IL1B, CXCL8, and HIF1A, were selected for further study using two cellular models of CI. For one model, PC12 cells were treated under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions to generate an OGD cellular model of CI, while for the other model, BV2 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate a cellular model of CI-associated inflammation. Ultimately TMGT treatment increased PPARγ expression and downregulated the expression of p-P65, p-IκBα, and HIF-1α in both OGD-induced and LPS-induced cell models of CI. In addition, molecular docking analysis showed that one TMGT chemical constituent, quercetin, may be a bioactive TMGT compound with activity that may be associated with the alleviation of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation triggered by CI. Moreover, additional data obtained in this work revealed that TMGT could inhibit neuroinflammation and protect brain cells from OGD-induced and LPS-induced damage by altering HIF-1α/PPARγ/NF-κB pathway functions. Thus, targeting this pathway through TMGT administration to CI patients may be a strategy for alleviating nerve injury and neuroinflammation triggered by CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Tang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoyuan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Huijuan Lou
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Tuina, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Bailin Song
- Northeast Asian Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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