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Parolini A, Da Dalt L, Norata GD, Baragetti A. Dietary fats as regulators of neutrophil plasticity: an update on molecular mechanisms. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:434-442. [PMID: 39083430 PMCID: PMC11309349 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Contemporary guidelines for the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases focus on the control of dietary fat intake, because of their adverse metabolic effects. Moreover, fats alter innate immune defenses, by eliciting pro-inflammatory epigenetic mechanisms on the long-living hematopoietic cell progenitors which, in the bone marrow, mainly give rise to short-living neutrophils. Nevertheless, the heterogenicity of fats and the complexity of the biology of neutrophils pose challenges in the understanding on how this class of nutrients could contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic diseases via specific molecular mechanisms activating the inflammatory response. RECENT FINDINGS The knowledge on the biology of neutrophils is expanding and there are now different cellular networks orchestrating site-specific reprogramming of these cells to optimize the responses against pathogens. The innate immune competence of neutrophil is altered in response to high fat diet and contributes to the development of metabolic alterations, although the precise mechanisms are still poorly understood. SUMMARY Defining the different molecular mechanisms involved in the fat-neutrophil crosstalk will help to reconcile the sparse data about the interaction of dietary fats with neutrophils and to tailor strategies to target neutrophils in the context of cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Sliwa K, Viljoen CA, Stewart S, Miller MR, Prabhakaran D, Kumar RK, Thienemann F, Piniero D, Prabhakaran P, Narula J, Pinto F. Cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries associated with environmental factors. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:688-697. [PMID: 38175939 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition that the profound environmental changes that have occurred over the past century pose threats to human health. Many of these environmental factors, including air pollution, noise pollution, as well as exposure to metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and other metals, are particularly detrimental to the cardiovascular health of people living in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Low-to-middle income countries are likely to be disproportionally burdened by cardiovascular diseases provoked by environmental factors. Moreover, they have the least capacity to address the core drivers and consequences of this phenomenon. This review summarizes the impact of environmental factors such as climate change, air pollution, and metal exposure on the cardiovascular system, and how these specifically affect people living in LMICs. It also outlines how behaviour changes and interventions that reduce environmental pollution would have significant effects on the cardiovascular health of those from LMICs, and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sliwa
- Cape Heart Institute, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cnr Anzio Road and Falmouth Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charle André Viljoen
- Cape Heart Institute, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cnr Anzio Road and Falmouth Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Stewart
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, 32 Mouat St, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6160, Australia
- Eduardo Mondlane University, 3435 Avenida Julius Nyerere, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Mark R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH4 3RL, UK
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, C1/52, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Raman Krishna Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Ponekkara PO, Cochin 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Cape Heart Institute, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cnr Anzio Road and Falmouth Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 100 Rämistrasse, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Piniero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Arenales 2463, Buenos Aires, C1124AAN, Argentina
| | - Poornima Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, C1/52, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fausto Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
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Mattavelli E, Piperni E, Asnicar F, Redaelli L, Grigore L, Pellegatta F, Nabinejad A, Tamburini S, Segata N, Catapano AL, Baragetti A. High dietary inflammatory index associates with inflammatory proteins in plasma. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:50. [PMID: 38409061 PMCID: PMC10895728 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Unhealthy dietary habits and highly caloric foods induce metabolic alterations and promote the development of the inflammatory consequences of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Describing an inflammatory effect of diet is difficult to pursue, owing lacks of standardized quali-quantitative dietary assessments. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has been proposed as an estimator of the pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of nutrients and higher DII values, which indicate an increased intake of nutrients with pro-inflammatory effects, relate to an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and we here assessed whether they reflect biologically relevant plasmatic variations of inflammatory proteins. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, seven days dietary records from 663 subjects in primary prevention for cardiovascular diseases were analyzed to derive the intake of nutrients, foods and to calculate DII. To associate DII with the Normalized Protein eXpression (NPX), an index of abundance, of a targeted panel of 368 inflammatory biomarkers (Olink™) measured in the plasma, we divided the population by the median value of DII (1.60 (0.83-2.30)). RESULTS 332 subjects with estimated DII over the median value reported a higher intake of saturated fats but lower intakes of poly-unsaturated fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fats, versus subjects with estimated dietary DII below the median value (N = 331). The NPX of 61 proteins was increased in the plasma of subjects with DII > median vs. subjects with DII < median. By contrast, in the latter group, we underscored only 3 proteins with increased NPX. Only 23, out of these 64 proteins, accurately identified subjects with DII > median (Area Under the Curve = 0.601 (0.519-0.668), p = 0.035). CONCLUSION This large-scale proteomic study supports that higher DII reflects changes in the plasmatic abundance of inflammatory proteins. Larger studies are warranted to validate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mattavelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Piperni
- Department CIBIO, Trento University, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Redaelli
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Amir Nabinejad
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tamburini
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, Venice, Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, Trento University, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
- IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, Milano, Italy.
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The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Psoriasis: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040840. [PMID: 36839198 PMCID: PMC9958594 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease with strong genetic links and numerous features of autoimmunity that are also influenced by environment and lifestyle, including nutritional factors and physical activity (PA), with regards to the condition of patients. Recent reports in the field of nutrigenomics indicate a significant impact of nutrients in modulating microRNAs. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of nutritional systems and PA on treating psoriasis. This narrative review updates information regarding the current dietary recommendations for individuals with psoriasis and discusses the role of diet and PA in psoriasis prevention and treatment. Application of nutrigenetics in psoriasis therapy is also discussed. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the MeSH terms for "nutrigenomics", "dietetics", "diet therapy", "diet", "physical activity", and "exercise" in conjunction with the MeSH terms for "psoriasis" and "dermatology". Evidence has shown that patients with psoriasis should have a personalized anti-inflammatory diet. Psoriasis patients are less physically active; most performed exercises of low-to-moderate intensity and were less likely to undertake regular exercise. Identifying nutrigenomic discoveries and the current lifestyle interventions associated with psoriasis can help physicians and physical therapists develop educational programs to manage and protect against the disease.
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Baragetti A, Norata GD. The High Fat Diet Impacts the Plasticity between Fresh and Aged Neutrophils. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 5:168-173. [PMID: 38327649 PMCID: PMC7615605 DOI: 10.33696/immunology.5.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations induced by unhealthy lifestyles, including obesity and insulin resistance are often associated with increased innate immune response and chronic inflammation. Cholesterol has been identified as a key metabolite driving the activation of the inflammasome and the "epigenetic memory" in long-term living hematopoietic stem cells. In addition to these mechanisms, the physiological aging of short-living neutrophils is a relevant modifier of their immune competency, as while they egress from medullary niches as "fresh", fully competent, cells, they turn into "aged", disarmed cells, when they extravasate into peripheral tissues to fight against pathogens or they reach the spleen for disposal. We recently observed that cardio-metabolic alterations induced by a lipid enriched unhealthy diet critically accelerate this process. Indeed, the chronic feeding with a high fat diet (HFD) results in the increase of aged neutrophils in the circulation and their accumulation in liver. This profile is associated with a deteriorated insulin response and obesity. The HFD primes aged, but not fresh neutrophils, to infiltrate in the liver and promotes inflammation coupled to altered cell immune architecture in visceral adipose tissue. Preventing the aging of neutrophils via selective ablation of CXCR2, reduces the development of obesity and improves the sensitivity to insulin. In humans, plasma levels of CXCL1, one of the cytokines binding CXCR2 and promoting neutrophil aging, are directly associated with abdominal adiposity and fatty liver independently of other risk factors. Together these findings point to a direct role of aged neutrophils in the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- SISA Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
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Magni P, Baragetti A, Poli A. Special Issue: Nutraceutical Approaches to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Evidence and Opportunities. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245399. [PMID: 36558557 PMCID: PMC9785404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is a major task for health systems since these pathological conditions are still major causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, 20099 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, 20124 Milan, Italy
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Jakovljevic VL, Djuric DM, Dhalla NS. Editorial: Nutritional Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Science to Applied Investigations. Front Physiol 2022; 13:858346. [PMID: 35317214 PMCID: PMC8934422 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.858346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sceinces, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic
| | - Dragan M. Djuric
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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