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Liu F, Tol AJ, Kuipers F, Oosterveer MH, van der Beek EM, van Leeuwen SS. Characterization of milk oligosaccharide and sialic acid content and their influence on brain sialic acid in a lean mouse model for gestational diabetes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24539. [PMID: 38317966 PMCID: PMC10839809 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides and sialic acids (Sia) are bioactive components in milk that contribute to newborn development and health. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) can have adverse effects on both mother and infant. HIP is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Inflammation influenced glycan composition, particularly of Sia-containing structures. We hypothesize that HIP and high-fat diet influence milk oligosaccharide composition, particularly sialylated oligosaccharides. Furthermore, we propose that milk Sia content influences pup brain Sia content. To test these hypotheses we (i) characterize mouse milk oligosaccharides and Sia concentrations in mouse milk of a GDM mouse model with dietary fat intake intervention; and (ii) determine Sia levels in offspring brains. The concentrations of oligosaccharides and Sia in mouse milk and offspring's brains were quantified using UPLC-FLD analysis. Analyses were performed on surplus samples from a previous study, where HIP was induced by combining high-fat diet (HF) feeding and low-dose streptozotocin injections in C57Bl/6NTac female mice. The previous study described the metabolic effects of HIP on dams and offspring. We detected 21 mouse milk oligosaccharides, including 9 neutral and 12 acidic structures using UPLC-MS. A total of 8 structures could be quantified using UPLC-FLD. Maternal HIP and HF diet during lactation influenced sialylated oligosaccharide concentrations in mouse milk and total and free sialic acid concentrations. Sia content in offspring brain was associated with total and free Neu5Gc in mouse milk of dams, but no correlations with HIP or maternal diet were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Angela J.C. Tol
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Weiser-Fuchs MT, Maggauer E, van Poppel MNM, Csapo B, Desoye G, Köfeler HC, Groselj-Strele A, Trajanoski S, Fluhr H, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Jantscher-Krenn E. Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Maternal Serum Respond to Oral Glucose Load and Are Associated with Insulin Sensitivity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4042. [PMID: 37764825 PMCID: PMC10534497 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Pregnancy presents a challenge to maternal glucose homeostasis; suboptimal adaptations can lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) circulate in maternal blood in pregnancy and are altered with GDM, suggesting influence of glucose homeostasis on HMOs. We thus assessed the HMO response to glucose load during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and investigated HMO associations with glucose tolerance/insulin sensitivity in healthy pregnant women. (2) Methods: Serum of 99 women, collected at 0 h, 1 h and 2 h during a 75 g OGTT at 24-28 gestational weeks was analyzed for HMOs (2'FL, 3'SLN, LDFT, 3'SL) by HPLC; plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide were analyzed by standard biochemistry methods. (3) Results: Serum 3'SL concentrations significantly increased from fasting to 1 h after glucose load, while concentrations of the other HMOs were unaltered. Higher 3'SL at all OGTT time points was associated with a generally more diabetogenic profile, with higher hepatic insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lower insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and higher insulin secretion (C-peptide index 1). (4) Conclusions: Rapid increase in serum 3'SL post-oral glucose load (fasted-fed transition) indicates utilization of plasma glucose, potentially for sialylation of lactose. Associations of sialylated HMOs with a more diabetogenic profile suggest sustained adaptations to impaired glucose homeostasis in pregnancy. Underlying mechanisms or potential consequences of observed HMO changes remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Weiser-Fuchs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.-T.W.-F.); (G.D.); (E.J.-K.)
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Maggauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.-T.W.-F.); (G.D.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Mireille N. M. van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Bence Csapo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.-T.W.-F.); (G.D.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.-T.W.-F.); (G.D.); (E.J.-K.)
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald C. Köfeler
- BioTechMed, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Groselj-Strele
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (A.G.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (A.G.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Herbert Fluhr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.-T.W.-F.); (G.D.); (E.J.-K.)
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Endocrinology Lab Platform, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.-T.W.-F.); (G.D.); (E.J.-K.)
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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Dou Y, Luo Y, Xing Y, Liu H, Chen B, Zhu L, Ma D, Zhu J. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Variation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mothers. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061441. [PMID: 36986171 PMCID: PMC10059845 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disease of pregnancy, but with very limited knowledge of its impact on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk. This study aimed to explore the lactational changes in the concentration of HMOs in exclusively breastfeeding GDM mothers and the differences between GDM and healthy mothers. A total of 22 mothers (11 GDM mothers vs. 11 healthy mothers) and their offspring were enrolled in the study and the levels of 14 HMOs were measured in colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk. Most of the HMOs showed a significant temporal trend with decreasing levels over lactation; however, there were some exceptions for 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), Lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFP-II), and Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFP-III). Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) was significantly higher in GDM mothers in all time points and its concentrations in colostrum and transitional milk were correlated positively with the infant’s weight-for-age Z-score at six months postnatal in the GDM group. Significant group differences were also found in LNFP-II, 3′-Sialyllactose (3′-SL), and Disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) but not in all lactational periods. The role of differently expressed HMOs in GDM needs to be further explored by follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Dou
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Yuanli Luo
- School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Botian Chen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Liye Zhu
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal and Child Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Defu Ma
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Health, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (J.Z.)
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Wang J, Chen MS, Wang RS, Hu JQ, Liu S, Wang YYF, Xing XL, Zhang BW, Liu JM, Wang S. Current Advances in Structure-Function Relationships and Dose-Dependent Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6328-6353. [PMID: 35593935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
HMOs (human milk oligosaccharides) are the third most important nutrient in breast milk. As complex glycans, HMOs play an important role in regulating neonatal intestinal immunity, resisting viral and bacterial infections, displaying anti-inflammatory characteristics, and promoting brain development. Although there have been some previous reports of HMOs, a detailed literature review summarizing the structure-activity relationships and dose-dependent effects of HMOs is lacking. Hence, after introducing the structures and synthetic pathways of HMOs, this review summarizes and categorizes identified structure-function relationships of HMOs. Differential mechanisms of different structural HMOs utilization by microorganisms are summarized. This review also emphasizes the recent advances in the interactions between different health benefits and the variance of dosage effect based on in vitro cell tests, animal experiments, and human intervention studies. The potential relationships between the chemical structure, the dosage selection, and the physiological properties of HMOs as functional foods are vital for further understanding of HMOs and their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng-Shan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rui-Shan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan-Yi-Fei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Long Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bo-Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing-Min Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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