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Chen ZW, Jin T, Liang PP, Li ZD, He FJ, Chen ZH, Song XH, Zhu YF, Hu JK, Yang K. Incidence of cancer for patients after bariatric surgery: evidence from 33 cohort studies. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2024; 20:467-481. [PMID: 38151417 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising prevalence of severe obesity, bariatric surgery has emerged as a crucial treatment option. As the number of surgeries performed worldwide increases, there has been growing interest in the impact of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence. While several studies have examined this relationship, the topic remains controversial. OBJECTIVES We conducted this systematic review of cohort studies with meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery versus nonsurgical treatment on overall cancer incidence. However, the effects may vary when focusing on specific cancer types, surgical procedures, or gender, so we conducted additional subgroup analyses. SETTING A meta-analysis. University hospital. METHODS The Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies from 1 January 2000 to 1 December 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the pooled effect and further implemented subgroup analysis stratified by cancer type, operation type, and sex. RESULTS All cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis from 18,216 studies. The overall cancer incidence demonstrated a significant decrease in the group with bariatric surgery (odds ratios [OR] = .56, P = .000, 95% CI .46 to .68). In subgroup analysis, similar decrease effect was found in 9 cancers. Furthermore, the incidence of cancer decreased significantly in male (OR = .66, P = .001, 95% CI .51 to .85) and female patients (OR = .63, P = .000, 95% CI .57 to .69) and patients undergoing gastric bypass (OR = .46, P = .000, 95% CI .33 to .63) or sleeve gastrectomy (OR = .44, P = .001, 95% CI .27 to .70). CONCLUSIONS In the overall analysis, bariatric surgery could reduce the incidence of cancer significantly. Further large-scale well-matched studies are needed to verify the protective effect of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wen Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pan-Ping Liang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ze-Dong Li
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Feng-Jun He
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ze-Hua Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Song
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Abdi A, Oroojzadeh P, Valivand N, Sambrani R, Lotfi H. Immunological aspects of probiotics for improving skin diseases: Influence on the Gut-Brain-Skin Axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149632. [PMID: 38340656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between gut microbiota and human health, both mental and physical, is well-documented. This connection extends to the gut-brain-skin axis, linking gut microbiota to skin health. Recent studies have underscored the potential of probiotics and prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota, supported by in vivo and clinical investigations. In this comprehensive review, we explore the immunological implications of probiotics in influencing the gut-skin axis for the treatment and prevention of skin conditions, including psoriasis, acne, diabetic ulcers, atopic dermatitis, and skin cancer. Our analysis reveals that probiotics exert their effects by modulating cytokine production, whether administered orally or topically. Probiotics bolster skin defenses through the production of antimicrobial peptides and the induction of keratinocyte differentiation and regeneration. Yet, many questions surrounding probiotics remain unanswered, necessitating further exploration of their mechanisms of action in the context of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdi
- Medical Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Parvin Oroojzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nassim Valivand
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Roshanak Sambrani
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Razi Educational and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Liu YN, Gu JF, Zhang J, Xing DY, Wang GQ. Bariatric surgery reduces colorectal cancer incidence in obese individuals: Systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2331-2342. [PMID: 37969715 PMCID: PMC10642476 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i10.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ranks third in global cancer prevalence and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortalities. With obesity recognized as a pivotal risk factor for colorectal cancer, the potential protective role of bariatric surgery, especially laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, has garnered attention. AIM To investigate the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) vs sleeve gastrectomy (SG) effect on colorectal cancer incidence in obese individuals. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Seventeen studies with a total of 12497322 patients were included. The primary outcome was the relative risk (RR) of developing colorectal cancer in obese patients who underwent weight loss surgery compared to those who did not. Secondary outcomes included determining the RR for colon and rectal cancer separately and subgroup analyses by gender and type of weight loss surgery. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed a 54% reduction in colorectal cancer risk in morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery compared to those who did not. A significant 46% reduction in colorectal cancer risk was observed among female patients. However, no significant differences were found in the meta-analysis for various types of bariatric surgery, such as SG and RYGB. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis reveals weight loss surgery, regardless of type, reduces colorectal cancer risk, especially in women, as indicated by RR and hazard ratio assessments. Further validation is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ning Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Feng Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dong-Yang Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Gui-Qi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
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Alam S, Liaqat I, Al-Arifa N, Zia T, Munawar M, Muzamil A. Obesity theranostics using nanoemulsions of probiotics and local herbs. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103790. [PMID: 37680978 PMCID: PMC10480777 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a polygenic disorder which has become a global epidemic in recent years. Aim of the present study was to assess the theranostic potential of probiotics (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium) and local herbs (fenugreek seeds, aloe vera) on the body weight, biochemical (liver and kidney functions) and histology of some internal organs (liver, kidney, ovary, small intestine) in obese rats. In present study, nanoemulsions of probiotics and local herbs were formulated by high energy method and characterized by FTIR and UV analysis. One hundred and sixty (1 6 0) female wistar rats were divided into sixteen groups. A high-fat diet was given to induce obesity in them. Obese rats were treated with different doses of probiotics, local herbs and their combination. Weekly body weight was monitored. Rats were dissected after fifteen weeks; blood and organs were harvested for biochemical analysis and histology. Results demonstrated a protective effect of nanoemulsion of probiotics and local herbs on the central vein, glomerulus, villi and normal ovulatory function of obese rats. Rats treated with a combination of probiotics and local herbs (fenugreek seeds, aloe vera) exhibited improved levels of bilirubin (4 mg/dl to15 mg/dl), AST from (110 U/L to 18 U/L) and ALT from (52 U/L to 10U/L). Similar renoprotective effects were recorded on the overall renal function tests (RFT). A combination of probiotics and local herbs in post treatment rats improved urea (63 mg/dl to 22 mg/dl) and creatinine (0.2 mg/dl to 0.8 mg/dl) levels. It was therefore evident that a combination of probiotics and local herbs has the potential to reverse the effects of obesity on the biochemical parameters and histological architecture of liver, kidney, small intestine and ovary. The overall results indicated that probiotics have positive effects of their own, but when combined with local herbs, they produced highly effective results in obese rats and therefore can be used as a complementary option in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Alam
- Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfana Liaqat
- Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Najiya Al-Arifa
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Threem Zia
- Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Munawar
- Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Muzamil
- Applied Entomology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Gut microbiome dysregulation drives bone damage in broiler tibial dyschondroplasia by disrupting glucose homeostasis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:1. [PMID: 36596826 PMCID: PMC9810666 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) with multiple incentives is a metabolic skeletal disease that occurs in fast-growing broilers. Perturbations in the gut microbiota (GM) have been shown to affect bone homoeostasis, but the mechanisms by which GM modulates bone metabolism in TD broilers remain unknown. Here, using a broiler model of TD, we noted elevated blood glucose (GLU) levels in TD broilers, accompanied by alterations in the pancreatic structure and secretory function and damaged intestinal barrier function. Importantly, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of gut microbes from normal donors rehabilitated the GM and decreased the elevated GLU levels in TD broilers. A high GLU level is a predisposing factor to bone disease, suggesting that GM dysbiosis-mediated hyperglycaemia might be involved in bone regulation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and short-chain fatty acid analysis revealed that the significantly increased level of the metabolite butyric acid derived from the genera Blautia and Coprococcus regulated GLU levels in TD broilers by binding to GPR109A in the pancreas. Tibial studies showed reduced expression of vascular regulatory factors (including PI3K, AKT and VEFGA) based on transcriptomics analysis and reduced vascular distribution, contributing to nonvascularization of cartilage in the proximal tibial growth plate of TD broilers with elevated GLU levels. Additionally, treatment with the total flavonoids from Rhizoma drynariae further validated the improvement in bone homoeostasis in TD broilers by regulating GLU levels through the regulation of GM to subsequently improve intestinal and pancreatic function. These findings clarify the critical role of GM-mediated changes in GLU levels via the gut-pancreas axis in bone homoeostasis in TD chickens.
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Lin YK, Lin YH, Chiang CF, Yeh TM, Shih WL. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain TCI904 reduces body weight gain, modulates immune response, improves metabolism and anxiety in high fat diet-induced obese mice. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:341. [PMCID: PMC9636364 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe multiple probiotic characteristics of strain TCI904 isolated in this study from natural fermented milk were investigated using a mouse model. TCI904 was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricu (LDB), a well-known lactic acid starter bacterium found in yogurt. TCI904 exhibited an outstanding pancreatic lipase inhibition activity among several strains of lactic acid bacteria in vitro. Its in vivo effects were further studied. In a comparison of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and those fed a HFD combined with TCI904 for 9 weeks, differences were observed in various aspects of health, and the adverse effects of a HFD were prevented in the latter group. TCI904 effectively prevented fat and body weight accumulation without reducing food intake; it also modulated innate immunity and increased the level of IgA in feces, reversing the increased blood sugar and insulin levels and attenuated the hyperlipidemia caused by a HFD. Based on biochemical test data, compared with the HFD group, a HFD combined with TCI904 induced significant lowering of insulin resistance indicator, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic indices of plasma (AIP), the atherogenic coefficient (AC) and cardiac risk ratio (CRR) and increased the cardioprotective index (CPI). In addition, the administration of TCI904 alleviated mood disorders caused by a HFD. Taking the recommended human dose of TCI904 did not affect the liver or kidney function, indicating that TCI904 has sufficient in vivo safety. Taken together, the results of the present study contributed towards validation of the probiotic benefits of lactic acid starter microflora. Orally taken TCI904 exhibited positive immune- and metabolic-modulating, and anxiolytic properties, especially in HFD-induced obesity.
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