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Huo L, Fu J, Wang S, Wang H, Liu X. Emerging ferroptosis inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116453. [PMID: 38701713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (NHIE), an oxygen deprivation-mediated brain injury due to birth asphyxia or reduced cerebral blood perfusion, often leads to lifelong sequelae, including seizures, cerebral palsy, and mental retardation. NHIE poses a significant health challenge, as one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. Despite this, available therapies are limited. Numerous studies have recently demonstrated that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent non-apoptotic regulated form of cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation (LPO) and iron dyshomeostasis, plays a role in the genesis of NHIE. Moreover, recently discovered compounds have been shown to exert potential therapeutic effects on NHIE by inhibiting ferroptosis. This comprehensive review summarizes the fundamental mechanisms of ferroptosis contributing to NHIE. We focus on various emerging therapeutic compounds exhibiting characteristics of ferroptosis inhibition and delineate their pharmacological benefits for the treatment of NHIE. This review suggests that pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NHIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 11004, China.
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 11004, China
| | - Shimeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 11004, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 11004, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 11004, China.
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Machado DN, Durán-Carabali LE, Odorcyk FK, Carvalho AVS, Martini APR, Schlemmer LM, de Mattos MDM, Bernd GP, Dalmaz C, Netto CA. Bumetanide Attenuates Cognitive Deficits and Brain Damage in Rats Subjected to Hypoxia-Ischemia at Two Time Points of the Early Postnatal Period. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:526-545. [PMID: 37378827 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is one of the main causes of tissue damage, cell death, and imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition and synaptic loss in newborns. GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults, is excitatory at the onset of neurodevelopment and its action depends on the chloride (Cl-) cotransporters NKCC1 (imports Cl-) and KCC2 (exports Cl-) expression. Under basal conditions, the NKCC1/KCC2 ratio decreases over neurodevelopment. Thus, changes in this ratio caused by HI may be related to neurological disorders. The present study evaluated the effects of bumetanide (NKCC cotransporters inhibitor) on HI impairments in two neurodevelopmental periods. Male Wistar rat pups, 3 (PND3) and 11 (PND11) days old, were submitted to the Rice-Vannucci model. Animals were divided into 3 groups: SHAM, HI-SAL, and HI-BUM, considering each age. Bumetanide was administered intraperitoneally at 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after HI. NKCC1, KCC2, PSD-95, and synaptophysin proteins were analyzed after the last injection by western blot. Negative geotaxis, righting reflex, open field, object recognition test, and Morris water maze task were performed to assess neurological reflexes, locomotion, and memory function. Tissue atrophy and cell death were evaluated by histology. Bumetanide prevented neurodevelopmental delay, hyperactivity, and declarative and spatial memory deficits. Furthermore, bumetanide reversed HI-induced brain tissue damage, reduced neuronal death and controlled GABAergic tone, maintained the NKCC1/KCC2 ratio, and synaptogenesis close to normality. Thereby, bumetanide appears to play an important therapeutic role in the CNS, protecting the animals against HI damage and improving functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorlon Nunes Machado
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Luz Elena Durán-Carabali
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Kawa Odorcyk
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrey Vinicios Soares Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Rodrigues Martini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Neuroscience, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Livia Machado Schlemmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marcel de Medeiros de Mattos
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira Bernd
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Departament of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Departament of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departament of Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Chlorogenic Acid Prevents Microglia-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress under Hypoxia-Ischemia Environment by Regulating the MIR497HG/miR-29b-3p/SIRT1 Axis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1194742. [PMID: 35664431 PMCID: PMC9159818 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1194742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. CGA has been shown to improve neuroinflammation. This study is aimed at elucidating the exact mechanism by which CGA reduces neuroinflammation. Methods Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) was utilized to treat BV2 microglia and HT-22 hippocampal neurons to engineer an in vitro model of hypoxic ischemia reperfusion. The levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10) and oxidative stress factors (MDA, SOD, and GSH-PX) in microglia were determined by ELISA kits. The neuron proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay, and LDH kit was used to determine LDH release in neurons. The fluorescent dye DCF-DA was employed to measure ROS levels in neurons. Correlation of MIR497HG, miR-29b-3p, and SIRT1/NF-κB in neurons and microglia was determined by qRT-PCR. Expressions of inflammatory proteins (COX2, iNOS), oxidative stress pathways (Nrf2, HO-1), and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase3, caspase8, and caspase9) in microglia or neurons were determined by western blot. The interactions between MIR497HG and miR-29b-3p, as well as between miR-29b-3p and SIRT1, were determined by dual luciferase assay and RIP assay. Results CGA attenuated OGD-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress in microglia and inhibited microglia-mediated neuronal apoptosis. CGA increased the levels of MIR497HG and SIRT1 and suppressed the levels of miR-29b-3p in BV2 and HT-22 cells. MIR497HG knockdown, miR-29b-3p upregulation, and SIRT1 inhibition inhibited CGA-mediated anti-inflammatory and neuronal protective functions. There is a targeting correlation between MIR497HG, miR-29b-3p, and Sirt1. MIR497HG sponges miR-29b-3p to regulate SIRT1 expression in an indirect manner. Conclusion CGA upregulates MIR497HG to curb miR-29b-3p expression, hence initiating the SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway and repressing OGD-elicited inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuron apoptosis.
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