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Deemer SE, Roberts BM, Smith DL, Plaisance EP, Philp A. Exogenous ketone esters as a potential therapeutic for treatment of sarcopenic obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C140-C150. [PMID: 38766768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00471.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Identifying effective treatment(s) for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity is of paramount importance as the global population advances in age and obesity continues to be a worldwide concern. Evidence has shown that a ketogenic diet can be beneficial for the preservation of muscle quality and function in older adults, but long-term adherence is low due in part to the high-fat (≥80%), very low carbohydrate (<5%) composition of the diet. When provided in adequate amounts, exogenous ketone esters (KEs) can increase circulating ketones to concentrations that exceed those observed during prolonged fasting or starvation without significant alterations in the diet. Ketone esters first emerged in the mid-1990s and their use in preclinical and clinical research has escalated within the past 10-15 years. We present findings from a narrative review of the existing literature for a proposed hypothesis on the effects of exogenous ketones as a therapeutic for preservation of skeletal muscle and function within the context of sarcopenic obesity and future directions for exploration. Much of the reviewed literature herein examines the mechanisms of the ketone diester (R,S-1,3-butanediol diacetoacetate) on skeletal muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis, and epigenetic regulation in murine models. Additional studies are needed to further examine the key regulatory factors producing these effects in skeletal muscle, examine convergent and divergent effects among different ketone ester formulations, and establish optimal frequency and dosing regimens to translate these findings into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Deemer
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion & Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States
| | - Brandon M Roberts
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Eric P Plaisance
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Andrew Philp
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Qiu J, Dong F, Zhuge H, Han Q, Li J, Guo R, Dou X, Li J, Li S. Preventive effect of low-carbohydrate high-fat dietary pattern on liver disease caused by alcohol consumption via a 6pgd-involved mechanism in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:732-746. [PMID: 38117162 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) dietary pattern has been reported to improve chronic metabolic diseases. However, whether and how the LCHF diet affects the pathological progression in patients with alcohol-related liver diseases (ALD) is largely unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the LCHF diet on ALD and clarify its potential mechanism(s). The ALD model was established by feeding C57BL/6N mice with a Lieber-DeCarli liquid alcohol diet with a modified carbohydrate/fat ratio under an isoenergetic pattern. After an eight-week intervention, we observed that the LCHF diet significantly reduced alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury, along with improved lipid metabolic-related gene disorders and redox imbalance. The alcohol-stimulated increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine cytokines expression, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, was markedly reversed by the LCHF diet. Liver transcriptome sequencing and qPCR validation showed that twenty-four alcohol-disturbed genes were significantly reversed by LCHF-diet intervention. The top differentially expressed genes were selected for further investigation. Among them, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) was significantly up-regulated by alcohol treatment in both the liver and cultured hepatocytes. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that 6PGD was positively associated with hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and oxidative stress indexes. In vitro, the 6PGD knockdown ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity and intracellular lipid accumulation, as well as lipid metabolic-related gene disorders, implying the involvement of 6PGD in LCHF-protected ALD. In conclusion, LCHF diet intervention alleviated chronic alcohol consumption-induced liver dysfunction in mice. 6PGD is a potential novel target for ALD prevention that contributes to LCHF-improved ALD. A LCHF diet might be a promising choice for ALD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China
| | - Fan Dong
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Hui Zhuge
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China
| | - Qiang Han
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Jiaomei Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China
| | - Jiayu Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China
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Ali H, Shahzil M, Moond V, Shahzad M, Thandavaram A, Sehar A, Waseem H, Siddiqui T, Dahiya DS, Patel P, Tillmann H. Non-Pharmacological Approach to Diet and Exercise in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Bridging the Gap between Research and Clinical Practice. J Pers Med 2024; 14:61. [PMID: 38248762 PMCID: PMC10817352 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a practical and comprehensive overview of non-pharmacological interventions for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), focusing on dietary and exercise strategies. It highlights the effectiveness of coffee consumption, intermittent fasting, and Mediterranean and ketogenic diets in improving metabolic and liver health. The review emphasizes the importance of combining aerobic and resistance training as a critical approach to reducing liver fat and increasing insulin sensitivity. Additionally, it discusses the synergy between diet and exercise in enhancing liver parameters and the role of gut microbiota in MASLD. The paper underscores the need for a holistic, individualized approach, integrating diet, exercise, gut health, and patient motivation. It also highlights the long-term benefits and minimal risks of lifestyle interventions compared to the side effects of pharmacological and surgical options. The review calls for personalized treatment strategies, continuous patient education, and further research to optimize therapeutic outcomes in MASLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassam Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, ECU Health Medical Center, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahzil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60640, USA;
| | - Vishali Moond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Maria Shahzad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Abhay Thandavaram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad 500068, Telangana, India
| | - Alina Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham-Huntsville Campus, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA
| | - Haniya Waseem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Tampa, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Taha Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mather Hospital, Hofstra University Zucker School of Medicine, Port Jefferson, NY 11777, USA;
| | - Dushyant Singh Dahiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Motility, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Pratik Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mather Hospital, Hofstra University Zucker School of Medicine, Port Jefferson, NY 11777, USA
| | - Hans Tillmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, ECU Health Medical Center, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Ferenc K, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Filip R. What Does Sarcopenia Have to Do with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Life (Basel) 2023; 14:37. [PMID: 38255652 PMCID: PMC10820621 DOI: 10.3390/life14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. As the second stage of developing steatosis, nonalcoholic hepatitis (NASH) carries the risk of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sarcopenia is defined as a condition characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and functional decline. Both NAFLD and sarcopenia are global problems. The pathophysiological mechanisms that link the two entities of the disease are insulin resistance, inflammation, nutritional deficiencies, impairment of myostatin and adiponectin, or physical inactivity. Furthermore, disorders of the gut-liver axis appear to induce the process of developing NAFLD and sarcopenia. The correlations between NAFLD and sarcopenia appear to be bidirectional, so the main objective of the review was to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | | | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Liu J, Li J. Publication trends in nutrition research for sarcopenic obesity: A 20-year bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35758. [PMID: 37933069 PMCID: PMC10627651 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used bibliometric methods to evaluate publications on the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity and analyzed the current situation and developmental trends over the past 2 decades. METHODS Publications from 2002 to 2022 related to the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix R package were applied to build relevant network diagrams. RESULTS One thousand ninety-four articles from 64 countries were included. The annual number of publications in this field has shown an intense growth trend. The University of Alberta, Yonsei University, and Korea University are the major research institutions. Clinical Nutrition has published the most papers on the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity, and the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is the most co-cited journal. A total of 5834 authors conducted the relevant studies. Yves Boirie has published the most papers in this field, and AJ Cruz-Jentoft is the most co-cited author. CONCLUSION This is the first bibliometric study of the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity. This study systematically summarizes the research hotspots and development directions in this field, and provides a reference for scholars studying the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huludao Central Hospital, Huludao, China
| | - Jiachun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huludao Central Hospital, Huludao, China
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Watanabe M, Savastano S, Lubrano C, Spera G. Editorial for "The Role of Ketogenic Diet in Human Health and Diseases": The Multifaceted Impact of Ketogenic Diets on Health and Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4027. [PMID: 37764810 PMCID: PMC10536552 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by a very low carbohydrate intake and variable protein, fat and calorie intake, has long been in the spotlight for its potential therapeutic applications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Spera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (G.S.)
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Kim TH, Jeong CW, Lee C, Noh S, Lim DW, Kim JW, Kim HJ, Kim YR. Association between Body Composition Contents and Hepatic Fibrosis in Sarcopenic Obesity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4279. [PMID: 37445314 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that sarcopenic obesity (SO) is linked to many diseases such as metabolic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, but there is little known about the relationship between SO and hepatic fibrosis progression in chronic liver disease. This study compared body composition contents in patients with non-obesity (NOb) and SO using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and investigated the relationship between hepatic fibrosis and SO factors. This retrospective study enrolled 60 patients (28 NOb; 32 SO) from June 2014 to December 2020. Patients underwent histopathologic investigation where they classified fibrosis stages based on the Meta-analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis fibrosis scoring system. Muscle and fat areas at the third lumber vertebra level were assessed. The variation in the areas of muscle (MA), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) among fibrosis stages, and associations between hepatic fibrosis and SO factors, were analyzed. There were significant differences in SAT and VAT (p < 0.001), whereas there was no difference in MA (p = 0.064). There were significant differences in MA/SAT (p = 0.009), MA/VAT (p < 0.001), and MA/(SAT+VAT) (p < 0.001). In all the patients, hepatic fibrosis positively correlated with serum aspartate aminotransferase level (AST, R = 0.324; p = 0.025). Especially in SO patients, hepatic fibrosis closely correlated with body mass index (BMI, R = 0.443; p = 0.011), AST (R = 0.415; p = 0.044), VAT (R = 0.653; p < 0.001), MA/VAT (R = -0.605; p < 0.001), and MA/(SAT+VAT) (R = -0.416; p = 0.018). However, there was no association in NOb patients. This study demonstrated that SO patients had larger SAT and VAT than NOb patients. Hepatic fibrosis in SO positively correlated with body visceral fat composition in combination with BMI and AST level. These findings will be useful for understanding the relationship between the hepatic manifestation of fibrosis and body fat composition in sarcopenia and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Jeong
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - ChungSub Lee
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - SiHyeong Noh
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital of Medicine, Chosun University College, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youe Ree Kim
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Paoli A, Cerullo G. Investigating the Link between Ketogenic Diet, NAFLD, Mitochondria, and Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051065. [PMID: 37237931 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Together with the global rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of individuals who suffer from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen dramatically. NAFLD is currently the most common chronic liver disease and includes a continuum of liver disorders from initial fat accumulation to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), considered the more severe forms, which can evolve in, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Common features of NAFLD includes altered lipid metabolism mainly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, which, as a vicious cycle, aggravates oxidative stress and promotes inflammation and, as a consequence, the progressive death of hepatocytes and the severe form of NAFLD. A ketogenic diet (KD), i.e., a diet very low in carbohydrates (<30 g/die) that induces "physiological ketosis", has been demonstrated to alleviate oxidative stress and restore mitochondrial function. Based on this, the aim of the present review is to analyze the body of evidence regarding the potential therapeutic role of KD in NAFLD, focusing on the interplay between mitochondria and the liver, the effects of ketosis on oxidative stress pathways, and the impact of KD on liver and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Barrea L, de Alteriis G, Muscogiuri G, Vetrani C, Verde L, Camajani E, Aprano S, Colao A, Savastano S. Impact of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) on Changes in Handgrip Strength in Women with Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194213. [PMID: 36235866 PMCID: PMC9571084 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of muscle mass, which is positively associated with muscle strength, has been included among the benefits of ketogenic diets due to the synergistic effects exerted by the reduction in visceral adipose tissue and obesity-related pro-inflammatory status. The handgrip strength (HGS) test is widely used as a single indicator to represent overall muscle strength. The possible association of changes in HGS in patients with obesity during the consumption of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has not yet been investigated. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of VLCKD on promoting changes in HGS and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, as a serological marker of obesity-related, low-grade inflammation, in a population of women with obesity after 45 days of active phase of the VLCKD. This pilot, uncontrolled, single-center, open-label clinical trial examined 247 Caucasian women, aged 18−51 years (body mass index, BMI: 30.0−50.9 kg/m2) who were consecutively enrolled following 45 days of active phase the VLCKD. Anthropometric measures and physical activity were evaluated. Muscle strength was measured by HGS using a grip strength dynamometer. Body composition was evaluated using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) phase-sensitive system. hs-CRP levels were determined by nephelometric assay. Adherence to the VLCKD, ketosis status, and physical activity were checked weekly by phone call. At day 45, BMI, fat mass (FM), and hs-CRP levels were significantly decreased (∆-7.5 ± 3.1%, ∆-15.6 ± 9.0%, and ∆-39.9 ± 44.6%; respectively; p < 0.001 for all three parameters), while HGS had increased (∆+17.4 ± 13.2%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for ∆BMI, ∆waist circumference, ∆hs-CRP levels, and physical activity, the correlation among changes in ∆HGS (kg), ∆FM (kg), and ∆ fat free mass (FFM) (kg) remained statistically significant (r = −0.331, and r = 0.362, respectively; p < 0.001). Interestingly, the correlation between ∆HGS with ∆FM (r = −0.288, p < 0.001) and ∆FFM (r = 0.395, p < 0.001) were also independent of the percentage of weight loss. We are the first to report that, along with a significant reduction in body weight and an overall improvement in body composition and inflammatory status, the muscle strength evaluated by the HGS test increased in a population of women with obesity after 45 days of the active phase of the VLCKD, also following adjustment for common confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3779; Fax: +39-081-746-3668
| | - Giulia de Alteriis
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, University Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- PhD Program in Endocrinological Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Aprano
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, University Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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10
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Camajani E, Feraco A, Proietti S, Basciani S, Barrea L, Armani A, Lombardo M, Gnessi L, Caprio M. Very low calorie ketogenic diet combined with physical interval training for preserving muscle mass during weight loss in sarcopenic obesity: A pilot study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:955024. [PMID: 36245515 PMCID: PMC9560671 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.955024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) is increasing worldwide, posing important challenges to public health and national health care system, especially during the COVID pandemic. In subjects with SO, it is essential to reduce body weight, and to preserve lean mass, to avoid worsening of muscle function. Adequate nutrition and correct physical activity is essential to counteract SO progression. Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD), a well-established nutritional intervention for obesity, has been also indicated for the treatment of SO. To date, the effects of physical training during VLCKD have not been investigated. Aim This pilot study aims to determine the efficacy of VLCKD combined with interval training, compared to a VLCKD alone, on weight-loss, body composition, and physical performance in participants with SO. Materials and methods Twenty-four participants with SO, aged between 50 and 70 years, who met the inclusion criteria, accepted to adhere to a VLCKD (<800 Kcal/die) and to give informed consent, were enrolled in the study. Twelve participants followed a structured VLCKD protocol (VLCKD group) and twelve followed the same VLCKD protocol combined with interval training (IT), twice per week (VLCKD + IT group). Data were collected at baseline (T0) and after 6-week of treatment (T6). Anthropometric indexes, body composition analysis by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), muscle strength and physical performance analysis were assessed at baseline and at the end of treatment. Results At the end of the study, body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly reduced in both VLCKD group and VLCKD + IT group. Interestingly, a significant improvement in muscle strength and physical performance was observed in both groups. A multiple comparison of delta variations in all parameters between groups was performed. No differences were observed for the majority of anthropometric and biochemical parameters, with the exception of fat free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM): notably, participants who followed a VLCKD combined with IT preserved FFM (p < 0.001) and reduced FM (p = 0.001) to a greater extent than what observed in VLCKD group. Moreover, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol plasma levels were significantly higher in the VLCKD + IT group compared to the VLCKD group. Conclusion This pilot study confirms that VLCKD is effective in terms of body weight reduction, particularly FM; moreover, the combination of VLCKD and interval training could determine a better preservation of FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basciani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimiliano Caprio,
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