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Wang Y, Ding S. Extracellular vesicles in cancer cachexia: deciphering pathogenic roles and exploring therapeutic horizons. J Transl Med 2024; 22:506. [PMID: 38802952 PMCID: PMC11129506 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating syndrome that affects 50-80% of cancer patients, varying in incidence by cancer type and significantly diminishing their quality of life. This multifactorial syndrome is characterized by muscle and fat loss, systemic inflammation, and metabolic imbalance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, play a crucial role in the progression of CC. These vesicles, produced by cancer cells and others within the tumor environment, facilitate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. A comprehensive review of the literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science reveals insights into the formation, release, and uptake of EVs in CC, underscoring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The review also explores therapeutic strategies targeting EVs, which include modifying their release and content, utilizing them for drug delivery, genetically altering their contents, and inhibiting key cachexia pathways. Understanding the role of EVs in CC opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, potentially mitigating the syndrome's impact on patient survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shengguang Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China.
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2
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Schmeltzer AJ, Peterson EM, Harris JM, Lathrop DK, German SR, White HS. Simultaneous Multipass Resistive-Pulse Sensing and Fluorescence Imaging of Liposomes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7241-7252. [PMID: 38377597 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous multipass resistive-pulse sensing and fluorescence imaging have been used to correlate the size and fluorescence intensity of individual E. coli lipid liposomes composed of E. coli polar lipid extracts labeled with membrane-bound 3,3-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine (DiO) fluorescent molecules. Here, a nanopipet serves as a waveguide to direct excitation light to the resistive-pulse sensing zone at the end of the nanopipet tip. Individual DiO-labeled liposomes (>50 nm radius) were multipassed back and forth through the orifices of glass nanopipets' 110-150 nm radius via potential switching to obtain subnanometer sizing precision, while recording the fluorescence intensity of the membrane-bound DiO molecules. Fluorescence was measured as a function of liposome radius and found to be approximately proportional to the total membrane surface area. The observed relationship between liposome size and fluorescence intensity suggests that multivesicle liposomes emit greater fluorescence compared to unilamellar liposomes, consistent with all lipid membranes of the multivesicle liposomes containing DiO. Fluorescent and nonfluorescent liposomes are readily distinguished from each other in the same solution using simultaneous multipass resistive-pulse sensing and fluorescence imaging. A fluorescence "dead zone" of ∼1 μm thickness just outside of the nanopipet orifice was observed during resistive-pulse sensing, resulting in "on/off" fluorescent behavior during liposome multipassing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric M Peterson
- Electronic BioSciences, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 328, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Joel M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah; Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Daniel K Lathrop
- Electronic BioSciences, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 328, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Sean R German
- Electronic BioSciences, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 328, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Henry S White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah; Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Coronado-Alvarado CD, Limon-Miro AT, Mendivil-Alvarado H, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Carvajal-Millan E, Méndez-Estrada RO, González-Ríos H, Astiazaran-Garcia H. Biophysical Parameters of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers of Bone Disturbances in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving an Individualized Nutrition Intervention. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081963. [PMID: 37111181 PMCID: PMC10141602 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in several biological conditions, including bone metabolism disturbances in breast cancer patients (BCPs). These disorders hinder the adjustment of nutrition interventions due to changes in bone mineral density (BMD). The biophysical properties of EVs (e.g., size or electrostatic repulsion) affect their cellular uptake, however, their clinical relevance is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the biophysical properties of the plasma-derived EVs and BMDs in BCPs who received an individualized nutrition intervention during the first six months of antineoplastic treatment. As part of the nutritional assessment before and after the intervention, body composition including bone densitometry and plasma samples were obtained. In 16 BCPs, EVs were isolated using ExoQuick® and their biophysical properties were analyzed using light-scattering techniques. We found that the average hydrodynamic diameter of large EVs was associated with femoral neck bone mineral content, lumbar spine BMD, and neoplasms' molecular subtypes. These results provide evidence that EVs play a role in BCPs' bone disorders and suggest that the biophysical properties of EVs may serve as potential nutritional biomarkers. Further studies are needed to evaluate EVs' biophysical properties as potential nutritional biomarkers in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Coronado-Alvarado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Metabolismo, Coordinación de Nutrición, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Ana Teresa Limon-Miro
- Departamento de Nutrición y Metabolismo, Coordinación de Nutrición, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Herminia Mendivil-Alvarado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Metabolismo, Coordinación de Nutrición, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Olivia Méndez-Estrada
- Departamento de Nutrición y Metabolismo, Coordinación de Nutrición, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Humberto González-Ríos
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Humberto Astiazaran-Garcia
- Departamento de Nutrición y Metabolismo, Coordinación de Nutrición, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
- Dpto de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
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4
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Mendivil-Alvarado H, Limon-Miro AT, Carvajal-Millan E, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Mercado-Lara A, Coronado-Alvarado CD, Rascón-Durán ML, Anduro-Corona I, Talamás-Lara D, Rascón-Careaga A, Astiazarán-García H. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Zeta Potential as Future Markers Associated with Nutrition and Molecular Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076810. [PMID: 37047783 PMCID: PMC10094966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A nutritional intervention promotes the loss of body and visceral fat while maintaining muscle mass in breast cancer patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their characteristics can be potential biomarkers of disease. Here, we explore the changes in the Zeta potential of EVs; the content of miRNA-30, miRNA-145, and miRNA-155; and their association with body composition and biomarkers of metabolic risk in breast cancer patients, before and 6 months after a nutritional intervention. Clinicopathological data (HER2neu, estrogen receptor, and Ki67), anthropometric and body composition data, and plasma samples were available from a previous study. Plasma EVs were isolated and characterized in 16 patients. The expression of miRNA-30, miRNA-145, and miRNA-155 was analyzed. The Zeta potential was associated with HER2neu (β = 2.1; p = 0.00), Ki67 (β = -1.39; p = 0.007), estrogen positive (β = 1.57; p = 0.01), weight (β = -0.09; p = 0.00), and visceral fat (β = 0.004; p = 0.00). miRNA-30 was associated with LDL (β = -0.012; p = 0.01) and HDL (β = -0.02; p = 0.05). miRNA-155 was associated with visceral fat (β = -0.0007; p = 0.05) and Ki67 (β = -0.47; p = 0.04). Our results reveal significant associations between the expression of miRNA-30 and miRNA-155 and the Zeta potential of the EVs with biomarkers of metabolic risk and disease prognosis in women with breast cancer; particularly, the Zeta potential of EVs can be a new biomarker sensitive to changes in the nutritional status and breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Teresa Limon-Miro
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Araceli Mercado-Lara
- Undersecretariat of Prevention and Health Promotion, Secretary of Health of the Government of Mexico, Mexico City 11570, Mexico
| | | | - María L Rascón-Durán
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Iván Anduro-Corona
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Daniel Talamás-Lara
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, IPN, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Antonio Rascón-Careaga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Humberto Astiazarán-García
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
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da Silva Nunes PC, Mazzarella R, da Silveira JC, Dellova DCAL. Evaluation of circulating extracellular vesicles and miRNA in neutered and obese female dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16439. [PMID: 36180561 PMCID: PMC9525304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a metabolic and endocrine organ, and its adipocytes can synthesize and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), thus allowing intercellular communication. EVs are nanoparticles that transport lipids, proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids (mRNA and microRNAs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. miR-132, miR-26b, and miR-155 are associated with obesity, lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enriched EVs fraction containing miRNAs (miR-132, miR-26b, and miR-155) in serum from obese female dogs. Thirty-two neutered females in good general condition were recruited, including 21 obese and 11 healthy controls. The initial evaluation of the females included a general physical examination and laboratory tests. Small EVs (sEVs) were isolated from whole blood by serial centrifugation and ultracentrifugation, and nanoparticle analysis was used to determine the size and concentration of serum sEVs. miRNAs were extracted from sEVs enriched fraction and analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Obese female dogs with hypertriglyceridemia showed an increase in the sEVs concentration and in the expression of miR-132 and miR-26b in sEVs enriched fraction. No changes were observed in the group of obese female dogs with normal serum biochemical profile and in relation to miR-155 expression. These results suggest that obese female dogs with hypertriglyceridemia may present alterations in sEVs and in the expression of miRNAs related to lipid metabolism and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caroline da Silva Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rosane Mazzarella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Deise Carla Almeida Leite Dellova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil.
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