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Standage-Beier CS, Garcia LA, De Filippis E, Shaibi GQ, Mandarino LJ, Coletta DK. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Hispanics: A Life Course Approach. Nutrients 2023; 15:2118. [PMID: 37432296 PMCID: PMC10180542 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is vital for maintaining calcium and phosphate balance and regulating bone metabolism. Recent research has suggested that VDR also plays an essential role in metabolic diseases. Previous studies on non-Hispanic whites have shown that VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are associated with cardiometabolic phenotypes. However, the association between VDR SNPs and cardiometabolic traits in Hispanics remains unclear. This study investigated the association between VDR SNPs and cardiometabolic phenotypic data in self-reported Hispanics (n = 1610) from the Arizona Insulin Resistance registry and Sangre Por Salud Biobank. The study population was predominantly female (66.4%) with a mean age of 40 ± 14 years (n = 121 <18 years) and an average body mass index (BMI) of 29.8 ± 6.3 kg/m2. We performed a genotyping association analysis of VDR SNPs (Taq1-rs731236, Fok1-rs2228570 and Apa1-rs7975232) with cardiometabolic traits using linear regression models. The results showed that Taq1 and Apa1 were strongly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in children (<18 years), while Fok1 was associated with measures of adiposity, including fat mass, waist circumference, and BMI. In age-stratified adult (≥18 years) models, Taq1 was strongly associated with hemoglobin A1c, while Apa1 was associated with BMI and fasting glucose. Fok1 had no significant associations in the adult models. In conclusion, the VDR SNPs were associated with several cardiometabolic phenotypes in this Hispanic sample, but the type and strength of the associations varied by age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A. Garcia
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (L.J.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.A.G.); (L.J.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Standage-Beier CS, Ziller SG, Bakhshi B, Parra OD, Mandarino LJ, Kohler LN, Coletta DK. Tools to Measure Health Literacy among Adult Hispanic Populations with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12551. [PMID: 36231846 PMCID: PMC9566768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Health literacy (HL) is associated with short- and long-term health outcomes, and this is particularly relevant in Hispanics, who are disproportionally affected by lower HL. Hispanics have become the largest minority population in the United States. Also, Hispanics experience higher burdens of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than non-Hispanic whites. Thus, effectively choosing culturally appropriate validated instruments that measure a marker found in health assessments should be a serious consideration. Using a systemized approach, we identified and reviewed 33 publications and found eight different HL and numeracy (separate or combined) instruments. We assessed the study designs and instrument structures to determine how HL was measured across these studies. We categorized the results into direct and indirect measurements of HL. The Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) family of HL instruments was favored for direct measures of HL, while the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS) instrument was favored for indirect measures. Despite identified trends in instruments used, more comprehensive measurement tools have been developed but not validated in Hispanic populations. In conclusion, further validation of more comprehensive HL instruments in adult Hispanic populations with T2DM could better assess HL levels and improve health promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelby G. Ziller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bahar Bakhshi
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Oscar D. Parra
- UA Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- UA Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Lindsay N. Kohler
- UA Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- UA Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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