1
|
Gao M, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Chen L, Xu B. Nervous system exposure of different classes of nanoparticles: A review on potential toxicity and mechanistic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119473. [PMID: 38908667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are generally defined as very small particles in the size range of 1-100 nm. Due to the rapid development of modern society, many new materials have been developed. The widespread use of NPs in medical applications, the food industry and the textile industry has led to an increase in NPs in the environment and the possibility of human contact, which poses a serious threat to human health. The nervous system plays a leading role in maintaining the integrity and unity of the body and maintaining a harmonious balance with the external environment. Therefore, based on two categories of organic and inorganic NPs, this paper systematically summarizes the toxic effects and mechanisms of NPs released into the nervous system. The results showed that exposure to NPs may damage the nervous system, decrease learning and cognitive ability, and affect embryonic development. Finally, a remediation scheme for NPs entering the body via the environment is also introduced. This scheme aims to reduce the neurotoxicity caused by NPs by supplementing NPs with a combination of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. The results provide a valuable reference for future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Gao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300211, China; Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ziye Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lupu A, Fotea S, Jechel E, Starcea IM, Ioniuc I, Knieling A, Salaru DL, Sasaran MO, Cirstea O, Revenco N, Mihai CM, Lupu VV, Nedelcu AH. Is oxidative stress - antioxidants imbalance the physiopathogenic core in pediatric obesity? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394869. [PMID: 39176098 PMCID: PMC11338799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the early recognition of obesity as an epidemic with global implications, research on its pathogenesis and therapeutic approach is still on the rise. The literature of the 21st century records an excess weight found in up to 1/3 of children. Both the determining factors and its systemic effects are multiple and variable. Regarding its involvement in the potentiation of cardio-vascular, pulmonary, digestive, metabolic, neuro-psychic or even dermatological diseases, the information is already broadly outlined. The connection between the underlying disease and the associated comorbidities seems to be partially attributable to oxidative stress. In addition to these, and in the light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the role played by oxidative stress in the induction, maintenance and potentiation of chronic inflammation among overweight children and adolescents becomes a topic of interest again. Thus, this review's purpose is to update general data on obesity, with an emphasis on the physiopathological mechanisms that underlie it and involve oxidative stress. At the same time, we briefly present the latest principles of pathology diagnosis and management. Among these, we will mainly emphasize the impact played by endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in the evolutionary course of pediatric obesity. In order to achieve our objectives, we will refer to the most recent studies published in the specialized literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania
| | - Elena Jechel
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anton Knieling
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Oana Sasaran
- Pediatrics, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Olga Cirstea
- Pediatrics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Neli Revenco
- Pediatrics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Horatiu Nedelcu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Zhou Y, Xie D, Yin F, Liang Y, Luo X. Melatonin intervention to prevent nanomaterial exposure-induced damages: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39090837 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Given its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, melatonin (MEL), a health-caring food to improve sleep disorders, is hypothesized to protect against nanomaterial exposure-induced toxicity. However, the conclusion derived from different studies seemed inconsistent. A meta-analysis of all available preclinical studies was performed to examine the effects of MEL on nanomaterial-induced damages. Eighteen relevant studies were retrieved through searching five electronic databases up to December 2023. The meta-analysis showed that relative to control, MEL treatment significantly increased cell viability (standardized mean difference [SMD = 1.27]) and alleviated liver function (lowered AST [SMD = -3.89] and ALT [SMD = -5.89]), bone formation (enhanced BV/TV [SMD = 4.13] and lessened eroded bone surface [SMD = -5.40]), and brain nerve (inhibition of AChE activity [SMD = -3.60]) damages in animals. The protective mechanisms of MEL against damages caused by nanomaterial exposure were associated with its antiapoptotic (decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio [SMD = -4.50] and caspase-3 levels [dose <100 μM: SMD = -3.66]), antioxidant (decreased MDA [in vitro: SMD = -2.84; in vivo: SMD = -4.27]), and anti-inflammatory (downregulated TNF-α [in vitro: SMD = -5.41; in vivo: SMD = -3.21] and IL-6 [in vitro: SMD = -5.90; in vivo: SMD = -2.81]) capabilities. In conclusion, our study suggests that MEL should be supplemented to prevent damages in populations exposed to nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering/National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongli Xie
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Yin
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Liang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ariyanasab R, Askari VR, Askari R, Baradaran Rahimi V, Hejazi K, Asadi M. The interactive effect of seven weeks aerobic exercise training and piperine against paraquat-induced lung damage in male Wistar rats: Investigating role of oxidative and inflammatory indices. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33241. [PMID: 39022054 PMCID: PMC11252759 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effects of seven weeks of aerobic exercise training and piperine on paraquat-induced lung damage. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (230 g, six-eight weeks old) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): sham, paraquat (5 mg/kg three times a week; intraperitoneally), paraquat + piperine (10 mg/kg/day; orally), paraquat + aerobic exercise training, paraquat + piperine + aerobic exercise training; and paraquat + vitamin E (20 mg/kg/day; orally) as a positive control. Rats were sacrificed on day 50, and both lung tissues were isolated to measure oxidative (MDA), anti-oxidative (GSH), inflammatory (TNF-α), anti-inflammatory (IL-10) markers, and histological evaluations (hematoxylin-eosin staining). The results of the present study revealed that paraquat significantly decreased body weight, GSH, GSH/MDA ratio, IL-10, and IL-10/TNF-α ratio while increasing MDA, TNF-α, and histopathological damage in lung tissue (P < 0.01 to 0.001). In contrast, treatment with all four interventions meaningfully diminished oxidative, inflammatory markers, and histopathological damage while propagating body weight, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory markers following the paraquat-induced lung damage (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Interestingly, piperine and piperine + exercise training possessed stronger protective effects against paraquat-induced lung damage than exercise training alone (P < 0.01 to 0.001). Treatment with piperine, exercise training, piperine + exercise training, and vitamin E significantly ameliorated paraquat-induced lung damage. Interestingly, the piperine and piperine + exercise training had more protective effects than other groups. Therefore, piperine and the combination of piperine and exercise training may be valuable candidates for preventing lung injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Ariyanasab
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Exercise Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roya Askari
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Exercise Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Keyvan Hejazi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Exercise Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Exercise Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Özden ES, Aşcı H, Büyükbayram Hİ, Sevük MA, İmeci OB, Doğan HK, Özmen Ö. Dexpanthenol protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by restoring aquaporin-2 levels via regulation of the silent information regulator 1 signaling pathway. Korean J Anesthesiol 2023; 76:501-509. [PMID: 37232072 PMCID: PMC10562075 DOI: 10.4097/kja.23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious pathology that causes dysfunction in concentrating urine due to kidney damage, resulting in blood pressure dysregulation and increased levels of toxic metabolites. Dexpanthenol (DEX), a pantothenic acid analog, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in various tissues. This study investigated the protective effects of DEX against systemic inflammation-induced AKI. METHODS Thirty-two female rats were randomly assigned to the control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS+DEX, and DEX groups. LPS (5 mg/kg, single dose on the third day, 6 h before sacrifice) and DEX (500 mg/kg/d for 3 d) were administered intraperitoneally. After sacrifice, blood samples and kidney tissues were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin, caspase-3 (Cas-3), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) staining were performed on the kidney tissues. The total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Histopathological analysis revealed that DEX treatment ameliorated histopathological changes. In the LPS group, an increase in the blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, urea, IL-6, Cas-3, TNF-α, and TOS levels and oxidative stress index was observed compared with the control group, whereas AQP-2 and SIRT1 levels decreased. DEX treatment reversed these effects. CONCLUSIONS DEX was found to effectively prevent inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the kidneys via the SIRT1 signaling pathway. These protective properties suggest DEX's potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of kidney pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyyüp Sabri Özden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Halil Aşcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Abdulkadir Sevük
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Orhan Berk İmeci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kübra Doğan
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pelczyńska M, Moszak M, Wesołek A, Bogdański P. The Preventive Mechanisms of Bioactive Food Compounds against Obesity-Induced Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1232. [PMID: 37371961 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns are promising strategies for preventing and treating obesity and its coexisting inflammatory processes. Bioactive food compounds have received considerable attention due to their actions against obesity-induced inflammation, with limited harmful side effects. They are perceived as food ingredients or dietary supplements other than those necessary to meet basic human nutritional needs and are responsible for positive changes in the state of health. These include polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics. Although the exact mechanisms of bioactive food compounds' action are still poorly understood, studies have indicated that they involve the modulation of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones; regulate gene expression in adipose tissue; and modify the signaling pathways responsible for the inflammatory response. Targeting the consumption and/or supplementation of foods with anti-inflammatory potential may represent a new approach to obesity-induced inflammation treatment. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to evaluate strategies for bioactive food compound intake, especially times and doses. Moreover, worldwide education about the advantages of bioactive food compound consumption is warranted to limit the consequences of unhealthy dietary patterns. This work presents a review and synthesis of recent data on the preventive mechanisms of bioactive food compounds in the context of obesity-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Moszak
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wesołek
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry Street, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clemente-Suárez VJ, Bustamante-Sanchez Á, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Martínez-Guardado I, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Antioxidants and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102371. [PMID: 37242253 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in training adaptations and sports performance has been a large issue investigated in the last few years. The present review aims to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in sports performance. For this aim, the production of reactive oxygen species in physical activities, the effect of reactive oxygen species on sports performance, the relationship between reactive oxygen species and training adaptations, inflammation, and the microbiota, the effect of antioxidants on recovery and sports performance, and strategies to use antioxidants supplementations will be discussed. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are discussed. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during physical activity greatly influences sports performance. This review concludes that ROS play a critical role in the processes of training adaptation induced by resistance training through a reduction in inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, as well as appropriate molecular signaling. Additionally, it has been established that micronutrients play an important role in counteracting free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative stress, and the effects of antioxidants on recovery, sports performance, and strategies for using antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, resveratrol, coenzyme Q10, selenium, and curcumin to enhance physical and mental well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ekhlasian A, Eftekhar E, Daei S, Abbasalipourkabir R, Nourian A, Ziamajidi N. The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of vitamins A, C and E in heart tissue of rats exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2357-2365. [PMID: 36580195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapidly increasing applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in various industries have led to growing concerns about their damaging influence on human health. The present research was designed to determine the protective action of vitamins (Vits) A, C and E on the heart toxicity induced by ZnO NPs. METHODS Fifty-four male Wistar rats were allocated into 9 groups of 6 and then exposed to ZnO NPs (200 mg/kg), water (Control1), olive oil (Control2), Vit A (1000 IU/kg), Vit C (200 mg/kg), Vit E (100 IU/kg) and three groups were co-treated with ZnO and one of the Vits A, C or E. The oxidative stress situation was evaluated by measuring oxidative stress markers and the tissue antioxidant enzyme activity. Besides, the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and Bax and caspase 3,7 activity were assessed. A histopathological examination was also performed to determine the rate of cardiac injury. RESULTS The results indicated that co-administration of ZnO NPs and the aforementioned Vits significantly reduced the total oxidant status and lipid peroxidation relative to the ZnO group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the supplementation of vitamins, notably Vit E, decreased the ZnO NPs-induced oxidative damage by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes compared to the ZnO NPs-fed rats (P < 0.05). Data also showed the mitigating effects of Vits against ZnO NPs-mediated apoptosis by suppressing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression and caspase 3,7 activity. CONCLUSION This study highlights the protective role of Vits A, C and E against ZnO NPs cardiotoxicity, though at different levels of effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ekhlasian
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sajedeh Daei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kolnik S, Wood TR. Role of Vitamin E in Neonatal Neuroprotection: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071083. [PMID: 35888171 PMCID: PMC9316652 DOI: 10.3390/life12071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E (Vit E) is an essential lipophilic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that has potential as a neuroprotectant in newborn infants with brain injury. Vit E has shown promise in many in vitro studies, but success in translation to in vivo animal studies and the clinical setting has been mixed, with concern of adverse effects at high intravenous doses in preterm infants. However, a recent rise in knowledge of the beneficial effects of fat emulsions containing higher levels of Vit E, along with associated improved outcomes in some neonatal co-morbidities, has led many to reconsider Vit E administration as a potential therapeutic modality to improve neurological outcomes in the setting of neonatal brain injury. This narrative review discusses Vit E's structure, mechanism(s) of action, evidence in animal models, and association with health outcomes in neonates, including both dietary and supplemental Vit E and their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics as it relates to the brain. Lastly, long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes along with gaps in current knowledge are critiqued, which to date suggests that additional translational studies in larger animal models and assessment of safety profiles of different routes and doses of administration should be explored prior to large clinical trials. Importantly, a greater understanding of the brain region(s) and cell type(s) affected by Vit E may help to target the use of Vit E as a beneficial neuroprotective agent to specific populations or types of injury seen in newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kolnik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|