Oral Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Sahara Black People with Chronic Kidney Disease Modulates Cytokine Storm, Oxidative Stress Damage and Athero-Thromboembolic Risk

Benefits of Vitamin D in Health and Diseases

This Special Issue of Nutrients, titled "Benefits of Vitamin D in health and diseases", includes a total of twenty-five publications that consider different aspects of vitamin D, both at the cellular/preclinical and clinical levels, in neonates or children, in pregnant women, in adults and in elderly subjects [...].

Modulation of cardiometabolic risk and CardioRenal syndrome by oral vitamin D3 supplementation in Black and White Southern Sahara residents with chronic kidney disease Stage 3: focus on racial and ethnic disparities

OBJECTIVES

Several studies have shown that cholecalciferol supplementation (25OHD-S) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) improves kidney injury by reducing fibrosis-related vascular calcification and declining apoptosis-linked nephron damage.

METHODS

The oral 25OHD-S was evaluated in 60,000 IU/month/36 weeks versus in 2000 IU/d/24 weeks in CKD Stage 3 with serum 25OHD level < 20 ng/mL. The study was undertaken on 156 black subjects and 150 white subjects Southern Sahara (SS). All biomarkers of cardiometabolic (CMet) and cardiorenal (CRenal) syndrome, Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) profile, secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Troponin T (cTnT) and atherogenicity risk were assessed by biochemical methods. Estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by chronic CKD-EPI equation formula. Total serum vitamin D by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS).

RESULTS

Vitamin D deficiency alters in the same manner CMet, CRenal, and others biomarkers in both groups SS; however, these disorders are more acute in blacks compared to whites SS. Oral 25OHD-S a highlighted improvement of eGFR drop, SHPT decrease, decline proteinuria, and cardiac failure risk (NT-proBNP and cTnT) attenuation. Concomitantly, 25OHD-S normalizes Renin, Aldosterone, and Angiotensin System (RAAS) activity. Nevertheless, homocysteine and Lp (a) do not modulate by 25OHD-S.

CONCLUSIONS

The oral vitamin D3 supplementation, according the dose, and the treatment duration does not like in black-skinned people versus to white-skinned inhabitants, while the 02 groups are native to the same Saharan environment. It emerge that a high intermittent dose through an extensive supplementation (60,000 IU/36 weeks) was more effective in black subjects. At opposite, a lower dose during a short period supplementation is sufficient (2000 IU/24 weeks) in white subjects.