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Florjan A, Rupnik M, Mahnic A. Gut microbiota composition in recurrent acute otitis media: a cross-sectional observational study. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01174-z. [PMID: 38837014 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) poses a significant challenge in children aged 1 to 6 years, characterized by frequent and treatment-resistant ear infections. While existing studies predominantly focus on alterations in the nasopharyngeal microbiome associated with rAOM, our research explores the understudied association with the gut microbiome. In this cross-sectional observational prospective study, we enrolled 35 children aged 1 to 6 years during the 2021/2022 cold season. The test group comprised children with rAOM (n = 16), and the control group consisted of generally healthy children (n = 19). Samples (stool and nasopharyngeal swabs) were collected in late spring to ensure an antibiotic-free period. Detailed metadata was gathered through a questionnaire examining factors potentially influencing microbiota. Microbiota composition was assessed through amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our findings revealed limited alterations in gut microbiota composition among children with rAOM compared to healthy controls. Six bacterial taxa (Veillonella, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides and Blautia) were differentially represented with weak statistical significance. However, several bacterial taxa displayed correlations with multiple consecutive infections, with Turicibacter showing the most significant association. Additionally, day care centre attendance emerged as a potent gut microbiota modifier, independent of rAOM. Although our study identified limited differences in gut microbiota composition between children with rAOM and healthy controls, the observed correlations between the number of infections and specific bacterial taxa suggest a potential link between rAOM and the gut microbiota, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Florjan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, General Hospital Celje, Oblakova ulica 5, 3000, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Maja Rupnik
- Department for Microbiological Research, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aleksander Mahnic
- Department for Microbiological Research, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Huang S, Li J, Zhu Z, Liu X, Shen T, Wang Y, Ma Q, Wang X, Yang G, Guo G, Zhu F. Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Infections: Insights from Mendelian Randomization. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2108. [PMID: 37630668 PMCID: PMC10458510 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiota in modulating the risk of respiratory infections has garnered increasing attention. However, conventional clinical trials have faced challenges in establishing the precise relationship between the two. In this study, we conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis with single nucleotide polymorphisms employed as instrumental variables to assess the causal links between the gut microbiota and respiratory infections. Two categories of bacteria, family Lactobacillaceae and genus Family XIII AD3011, were causally associated with the occurrence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Four categories of gut microbiota existed that were causally associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), with order Bacillales and genus Paraprevotella showing a positive association and genus Alistipes and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009 showing a negative association. The metabolites and metabolic pathways only played a role in the development of LRTIs, with the metabolite deoxycholine acting negatively and menaquinol 8 biosynthesis acting positively. The identification of specific bacterial populations, metabolites, and pathways may provide new clues for mechanism research concerning therapeutic interventions for respiratory infections. Future research should focus on elucidating the potential mechanisms regulating the gut microbiota and developing effective strategies to reduce the incidence of respiratory infections. These findings have the potential to significantly improve global respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Huang
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.H.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.H.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (G.Y.)
| | - Zhihao Zhu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.H.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; (X.L.); (T.S.); (Q.M.)
| | - Tuo Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; (X.L.); (T.S.); (Q.M.)
| | - Yusong Wang
- ICU of Burn and Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Qimin Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; (X.L.); (T.S.); (Q.M.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.H.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guangping Yang
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.H.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.H.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.); (G.Y.)
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; (X.L.); (T.S.); (Q.M.)
- ICU of Burn and Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China;
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Wang YZ, Zhou JG, Lu YM, Hu H, Xiao FF, Ge T, Wang X, Zheng L, Yu LH, Le J, Yu H, Yu GJ, Xia Q, Zhang T, Zhou WH. Altered gut microbiota composition in children and their caregivers infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:478-488. [PMID: 36627507 PMCID: PMC9838448 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to explore gut microbiota changes in a prospective cohort of COVID-19 children and their asymptomatic caregivers infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant. METHODS A total of 186 participants, including 59 COVID-19 children, 50 asymptomatic adult caregivers, 52 healthy children (HC), and 25 healthy adults (HA), were recruited between 15 April and 31 May 2022. The gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in fecal samples collected from the participants. Gut microbiota functional profiling was performed by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) software. RESULTS The gut microbiota analysis of beta diversity revealed that the fecal microbial community of COVID-19 children remained far distantly related to HC. The relative abundances of the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were decreased, whereas Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota were increased in COVID-19 children. Feces from COVID-19 children exhibited notably lower abundances of the genera Blautia, Bifidobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Streptococcus, and Romboutsia and higher abundances of the genera Prevotella, Lachnoclostridium, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bacteroides than those from HC. The enterotype distributions of COVID-19 children were characterized by a high prevalence of enterotype Bacteroides. Similar changes in gut microbiota compositions were observed in asymptomatic caregivers. Furthermore, the microbial metabolic activities of KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and COG (cluster of orthologous groups of proteins) pathways were perturbed in feces from subjects infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. CONCLUSION Our data reveal altered gut microbiota compositions in both COVID-19 children and their asymptomatic caregivers infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which further implicates the critical role of gut microbiota in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ming Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Fang-Fei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Ting Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Lian-Hu Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Jun Le
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Jun Yu
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Neonatology, Molecular Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201101 China
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