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Zhang J, Xu T, Huang Y, Li R, Wang K, Lin X, Jin L. Sex differences in the relationships between macronutrients and all-cause mortality in individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity. Nutrition 2024; 122:112393. [PMID: 38460445 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates sex differences in the effects of macronutrient quantity, quality, and timing on mortality in metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) populations. The study included 18,345 participants, including 9204 men and 9141 women. The Cox proportional risk model and isocaloric substitution effects were used to examine the association of macronutrient intake and subtype with all-cause mortality in the MUO populations. After adjusting for the potential covariates, The risk of all-cause mortality was elevated in men in the highest 25% percentile of poor-quality carbohydrates compared with men in the lowest quartile (odds ratio [OR]: 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-2.98). Compared with women in the lowest quartile, the risk of all-cause mortality for women in the highest 25% percentile for high-quality carbohydrates (OR: 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-0.99) and unsaturated fatty acids (OR: 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.93) were decreased. In women, replacing low-quality carbohydrates with high-quality carbohydrates on an isocaloric basis reduces the risk of all-cause mortality by approximately 9%. We find that different macronutrient consumption subtypes are associated with all-cause mortality in MUO populations, with differential effects between men and women, and that the risk of all-cause mortality is influenced by macronutrient quality and meal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingxiang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Runhong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinli Lin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Wu Z, Li J, Xu Y, Guo R, Wang F, Liu Y, Wang S, Dong Y, Li B. Association of Physical Activity with Phenotypic Age among Populations with Different Breakfast Habits. Nutrients 2024; 16:575. [PMID: 38474704 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global aging situation has reached a serious stage, and healthy lifestyles, like regular physical activity and eating breakfast, could slow the process. Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) is regarded as a novel measure of aging. Therefore, our study aimed to quantify the impact of physical activity and eating breakfast on aging via PhenoAge and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel). METHODS A total of 3719 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were involved in this study. Physical activity was divided into an active group and an inactive group. According to the number of reported breakfast recalls, eating breakfast was divided into the no recalls group, one recall group, and both recalls group. Sensitivity analysis was performed by stratified analysis. RESULTS Active physical activity was a protective factor for PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel. Compared to the inactive group, the β values of the active group were -8.36 (-10.09, -6.62) for PhenoAge and -1.67 (-2.21, -1.14) for PhenoAgeAccel. The stratified analysis results showed that in the groups reporting breakfast in both recalls, one recall, and no recalls, the β values of the active group were -8.84 (-10.70, -6.98), -8.17 (-12.34, -4.00), and -3.46 (-7.74, 0.82), respectively, compared to the inactive group. CONCLUSIONS Active physical activity was strongly correlated with lower values of PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel, but the association was no longer statistically significant when combined with not regularly eating breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruirui Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fengdan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
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Wan H, Hu YH, Li WP, Wang Q, Su H, Chenshu JY, Lu X, Gao W. Quality of life, household income, and dietary habits are associated with the risk of sarcopenia among the Chinese elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:29. [PMID: 38334908 PMCID: PMC10857955 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which can be influenced by various aspects, especially socioeconomic status and lifestyle, has been identified as an important predictor of the prognosis of older adults. Dietary habit, a major part of lifestyle, can affect the nutritional status, which is closely correlated with the development of geriatric syndromes in the elderly. AIMS The aim of the study was to examine the association of HRQoL, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle with the risk and severity of sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective study with 2877 participants aged ≥65 years was performed. HRQoL was assessed using EuroQoL Five Dimensions questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was assessed by the educational attainment, occupation, and household income. Lifestyle was assessed using 12 items closely related to Chinese living habits. The information of daily dietary habits including tea, alcohol, type of diet, and volume of drinking water were collected. The associations of HRQoL, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle with the risk of sarcopenia were examined by multivariate regression logistical analysis. The potential causal role of age, body mass index, and waist circumference in the effect of HRQoL on sarcopenia risk was analyzed by causal mediation analysis. RESULTS High HRQoL [adjusted odds ratio (OR) =0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.69-0.95, P=0.034] and household income levels (adjusted OR =0.74, 95% CI =0.57-0.95, P=0.019) were inversely associated with the risk of sarcopenia. Meanwhile, more consumption of spicy food (adjusted OR =1.34, 95% CI =1.09-1.81, P =0.037) and occasionally drinking (adjusted OR =1.46, 95% CI =1.07-2.00, P =0.016, as compared to those never drinking) were associated with higher risk of sarcopenia, while skipping breakfast occasionally (adjusted OR =0.37, 95% CI =0.21-0.64, P <0.001, as compared to those eating breakfast every day) and less consumption of salt (adjusted OR =0.71, 95% CI =0.52-0.96, P =0.026, as compared to those consuming high amount of salt) were associated with lower risk of sarcopenia. Further causal mediation analysis aimed to explore how much age, body mass index, and waist circumference might explain the effect of HRQoL on the risk of sarcopenia showed that the estimated proportion that mediated the effect of HRQoL on the risk of sarcopenia by age was 28.0%. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings demonstrate that low levels of HRQoL and household income, more intake of salt and spicy food, and occasional intake of alcohol are correlated with higher risk of sarcopenia, while skipping breakfast occasionally is associated with lower risk of sarcopenia in a Chinese population of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wan
- Department of Health Management, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Hui Hu
- Department of Public Health, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Peng Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Health Management, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Chenshu
- Department of Health Management, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No.87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Samakidou GE, Koliaki CC, Liberopoulos EN, Katsilambros NL. Non-Classical Aspects of Obesity Pathogenesis and Their Relative Clinical Importance for Obesity Treatment. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091310. [PMID: 37174852 PMCID: PMC10178220 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease and a major public health problem due to its association with non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. An increased energy intake and decreased physical activity have been long recognized as the classical parameters that contribute to the development of obesity. However, several other, non-classical factors have also been associated with obesity through various complex mechanisms. Some of them are diet related, such as diet quality, dietary habits and speed of eating. Other factors are non-dietary, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, sleep quality and quantity, psychotropic medications and light at night. The scope of the present narrative review is to address these non-classical factors that are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, to clarify their potential role in the management of obesity and, where possible, to provide some practical clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia E Samakidou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi C Koliaki
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos N Liberopoulos
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos L Katsilambros
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Zhang J, Jia J, Lai R, Wang X, Chen X, Tian W, Liu Q, Li J, Ju J, Xu H. Association between dietary inflammatory index and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1044329. [PMID: 36687707 PMCID: PMC9849765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1044329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among U.S. adults. Methods We collected data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018. Adults who reported complete information to diagnose ASCVD and calculate DII were included. We used three models to differentially adjust the covariates, including age, sex, race or ethnicity, education level, smoking status, poverty, insurance, body mass index, hyperlipemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for ASCVD grouped by DII deciles. We additionally conducted spline smoothing with the generalized additive model (GAM) and the log-likelihood ratio to examine the non-linear relationship between DII and ASCVD. If exists, the segmented linear regression will be used to detect the cutoff point. The subgroup analyses were stratified by various atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (i.e., CHD, angina, heart attack, and stroke) and sex. Results A total of 48,733 participants (mean age, 47.13 ± 0.19 years) with 51.91% women were enrolled, of which 5,011 were diagnosed with ASCVD. In the crude model, participants in the five highest deciles (D6, 7, 8, 9, and 10) of DII score had a significantly higher risk of having ASCVD compared to those in the first decile. In the fully adjusted model, those in the tenth decile [OR = 1.47, 95% CI = (1.18,1.84)] of DII had a significantly increased risk of ASCVD compared to the first decile. Notably, when DII is above 3, the ASCVD risk increased by 41% for each one increase in DII [OR = 1.41, 95% CI = (1.15,1.73)]. This relationship was more pronounced in females. Conclusion Our study revealed a positive and non-linearly association between DII and ASCVD in U.S. adults. This relationship was more pronounced in females. The findings provide a reference for future research and diet recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jundi Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runmin Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanye Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingen Li,
| | - Jianqing Ju
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Jianqing Ju,
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Hao Xu,
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