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Conte E, Mantuano P, Boccanegra B, Imbrici P, Dinoi G, Lenti R, Cappellari O, Cappetta D, De Angelis A, Berrino L, Gordish-Dressman H, Bianchini G, Aramini A, Allegretti M, Liantonio A, De Luca A. Branched-chain amino acids and L-alanine supplementation ameliorate calcium dyshomeostasis in sarcopenia: New insights for nutritional interventions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1393746. [PMID: 38962308 PMCID: PMC11220240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1393746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: During aging, sarcopenia and decline in physiological processes lead to partial loss of muscle strength, atrophy, and increased fatigability. Muscle changes may be related to a reduced intake of essential amino acids playing a role in proteostasis. We have recently shown that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplements improve atrophy and weakness in models of muscle disuse and aging. Considering the key roles that the alteration of Ca2+-related homeostasis and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) play in several muscle dysfunctions, this study has been aimed at gaining insight into the potential ability of BCAA-based dietary formulations in aged mice on various players of Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. Methods: Seventeen-month-old male C57BL/6J mice received a 12-week supplementation with BCAAs alone or boosted with two equivalents of L-alanine (2-Ala) or with dipeptide L-alanyl-L-alanine (Di-Ala) in drinking water. Outcomes were evaluated on ex vivo skeletal muscles indices vs. adult 3-month-old male C57BL/6J mice. Results: Ca2+ imaging confirmed a decrease in SOCE and an increase of resting Ca2+ concentration in aged vs. adult mice without alteration in the canonical components of SOCE. Aged muscles vs. adult muscles were characterized by a decrease in the expression of ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), the Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump, and sarcalumenin together with an alteration of the expression of mitsugumin 29 and mitsugumin 53, two recently recognized players in the SOCE mechanism. BCAAs, particularly the formulation BCAAs+2-Ala, were able to ameliorate all these alterations. Discussion: These results provide evidence that Ca2+ homeostasis dysfunction plays a role in the functional deficit observed in aged muscle and supports the interest of dietary BCAA supplementation in counteracting sarcopenia-related SOCE dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Mantuano
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Brigida Boccanegra
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Imbrici
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dinoi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Lenti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Ornella Cappellari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Cappetta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Liberato Berrino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gianluca Bianchini
- Research & Early Development, Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Research & Early Development, Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Liantonio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria De Luca
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Wada A, Yamashita H, Togashi A, Ogawa S, Muroi A, Kido S, Furuya S. Combination of Parenteral Amino Acid Infusion and Intermittent Loading Exercise Ameliorates Progression of Postoperative Sarcopenia in Rat Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:1218. [PMID: 38674908 PMCID: PMC11054099 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Postoperative sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized patients. However, few studies have focused on short-term postoperative sarcopenia. Furthermore, the influence of nutritional management using amino acids (AAs) comprising a peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) solution and its combination with exercise (Exc) is unclear. Hence, we established a postoperative sarcopenic rat model to evaluate the effects of parenteral AA infusion combined with Exc on skeletal muscles and investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the amelioration of muscle atrophy. Male F344 rats underwent surgery followed by hindlimb suspension (HS) for 5 days. The rats were divided into AA (-), AA (+), AA (-)-Exc, and AA (+)-Exc groups. They were continuously administered a PPN solution with or without AA at 98 kcal/kg/day. The Exc groups were subjected to intermittent loading for 1 h per day. Postoperative sarcopenic rats exhibited decreased muscle strength and mass and an upregulated ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosome system, and fast-twitch fiber-related genes, especially in the AA (-) group. The AA (+)-Exc group exhibited attenuated decreased muscle strength, increased gastrocnemius mass, and a suppressed upregulation of muscle atrophy- and fast-twitch fiber-related genes. Therefore, parenteral AA infusion combined with Exc may be effective in preventing postoperative sarcopenia in hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Wada
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto 772-8601, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.O.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
- Department of Innovative Science and Technology for Bio-Industry, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamashita
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto 772-8601, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.O.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Ayaka Togashi
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto 772-8601, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.O.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Shunsuke Ogawa
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto 772-8601, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.O.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Arashi Muroi
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto 772-8601, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.O.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Satoshi Kido
- Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto 772-8601, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.O.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Innovative Science and Technology for Bio-Industry, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Innovative Bio-Architecture Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Environmental Control Center for Experimental Biology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Najm A, Niculescu AG, Grumezescu AM, Beuran M. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Sarcopenia: An Updated Review on Pathogenesis and Treatment Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4300. [PMID: 38673885 PMCID: PMC11050002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a prevalent degenerative skeletal muscle condition in the elderly population, posing a tremendous burden on diseased individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. Conventionally, sarcopenia is currently managed through nutritional interventions, physical therapy, and lifestyle modification, with no pharmaceutical agents being approved for specific use in this disease. As the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is still poorly understood and there is no treatment recognized as universally effective, recent research efforts have been directed at better comprehending this illness and diversifying treatment strategies. In this respect, this paper overviews the new advances in sarcopenia treatment in correlation with its underlying mechanisms. Specifically, this review creates an updated framework for sarcopenia, describing its etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and conventional treatments, further discussing emerging therapeutic approaches like new drug formulations, drug delivery systems, stem cell therapies, and tissue-engineered scaffolds in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Najm
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (M.B.)
- Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 8 Calea Floresca, Sector 1, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Beuran
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (M.B.)
- Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 8 Calea Floresca, Sector 1, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
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Chang Y, Chen J, Zhu H, Huang R, Wu J, Lin Y, Li Q, Shen G, Feng J. Metabolic Characteristics and Discriminative Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature in Preadolescents and Adolescents. Molecules 2024; 29:1661. [PMID: 38611940 PMCID: PMC11013616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS) are the most common types of short stature (SS), but little is known about their pathogenesis, and even less is known about the study of adolescent SS. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis combined with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to identify the biomarkers of different types of SS (including 94 preadolescent GHD (PAG), 61 preadolescent ISS (PAI), 43 adolescent GHD (ADG), and 19 adolescent ISS (ADI)), and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was further used to evaluate the predictive power of potential biomarkers. The results showed that fourteen, eleven, nine, and fifteen metabolites were identified as the potential biomarkers of PAG, PAI, ADG, and ADI compared with their corresponding controls, respectively. The disturbed metabolic pathways in preadolescent SS were mainly carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism, while disorders of amino acid metabolism played an important role in adolescent SS. The combination of aspartate, ethanolamine, phosphocholine, and trimethylamine was screened out to identify PAI from PAG, and alanine, histidine, isobutyrate, methanol, and phosphocholine gave a high classification accuracy for ADI and ADC. The differences in metabolic characteristics between GHD and ISS in preadolescents and adolescents will contribute to the development of individualized clinical treatments in short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Chang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Child Health, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; (J.C.); (R.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- Education Section and Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233004, China;
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Child Health, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; (J.C.); (R.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of Child Health, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; (J.C.); (R.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Quanquan Li
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Guiping Shen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jianghua Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
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Tamura K, Kitazawa H, Sugita S, Hashizume K, Iwashita M, Ishigami T, Minegishi Y, Shimotoyodome A, Ota N. Tyrosine Is a Booster of Leucine-Induced Muscle Anabolic Response. Nutrients 2023; 16:84. [PMID: 38201913 PMCID: PMC10780460 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine (Leu), an essential amino acid, is known to stimulate protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle via mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activation. However, the intrinsic contribution of other amino acids to Leu-mediated activation of mTORC1 signaling remains unexplored. This study aimed to identify amino acids that can promote mTORC1 activity in combination with Leu and to assess the effectiveness of these combinations in vitro and in vivo. We found that tyrosine (Tyr) enhanced Leu-induced phosphorylation of S6 kinase (S6K), an indicator of mTORC1 activity, although it exerted no such effect individually. This booster effect was observed in C2C12 cells, isolated murine muscle, and the skeletal muscles of mice orally administered the amino acids. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this Tyr-mediated booster effect, the expression of the intracellular Leu sensors, Sestrin1 and 2, was suppressed, and the cells were treated with Leu and Tyr. This suppression enabled Tyr alone to induce S6K phosphorylation and enhanced the booster effect, suggesting that Tyr possibly contributes to mTORC1 activation when Sestrin-GAP activity toward Rags 2 (GATOR2) is dissociated through Sestrin knockdown or the binding of Sestrins to Leu. Collectively, these results indicate that Tyr is a key regulator of Leu-mediated protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Tamura
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Hidefumi Kitazawa
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Satoshi Sugita
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Kohjiro Hashizume
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Masazumi Iwashita
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Takaaki Ishigami
- Processing Development Research, Kao Corporation, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 640-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Minegishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Akira Shimotoyodome
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan; (K.T.); (S.S.)
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Inoue Y, Ueda S, Tanikawa T, Sano A, Suzuki R, Todo H, Higuchi Y, Akao K. Characterization of Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, Viscosity, and Antioxidant Capacity in Rice Wines Made in Saitama, Japan, with Different Sake Rice. Foods 2023; 12:4004. [PMID: 37959123 PMCID: PMC10647497 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical properties of Japanese rice wines, including their functional properties and carbohydrate and amino acid content in solution and solid state. Three samples were tested. The glucose, allose, and raffinose contents in samples (A, B, C) in g/100 g were (3.47, 3.45, 7.05), (1.60, 1.63, 1.61), and (2.14, 2.75, 1.49), respectively. The total amino acid in µmol/mL was (3.1, 3.5, 4.4). Glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine varied in content across the samples. The viscosity (10 °C) and activation energy (ΔE) calculated using the Andrade equation were (2.81 ± 0.03, 2.74 ± 0.06, 2.69 ± 0.03) mPa-s and (22.3 ± 1.1, 22.0 ± 0.2, 21.3 ± 0.5) kJ/mol, respectively. Principal component analysis using FT-IR spectra confirmed the separation of the samples into principal components 2 and 3. The IC50 values from the DPPH radical scavenging test were (2364.7 ± 185.3, 3041.9 ± 355.1, 3842.7 ± 228.1) µg/mL. Thus, the three rice wines had different carbohydrate and amino acid contents, viscosities, and antioxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Inoue
- Laboratory of Nutri-Pharmacotherapeutics Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 3500295, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sae Ueda
- Laboratory of Nutri-Pharmacotherapeutics Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 3500295, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Nutri-Pharmacotherapeutics Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 3500295, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aiko Sano
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 3500295, Saitama, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Ryuichiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 3500295, Saitama, Japan (R.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Todo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Cosmeceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 3500295, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Higuchi
- Applicative Solution Lab, JASCO Corporation, 2967-5 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji 1928537, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Akao
- Applicative Solution Lab, JASCO Corporation, 2967-5 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji 1928537, Tokyo, Japan
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