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Kim I, Kyun ML, Jung H, Kwon JI, Kim J, Kim JK, Lee YB, Kwon YI, Moon KS. In Vitro Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Model Elucidating the Effect of Immune Environment on Disease Progression and Alleviation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25094-25105. [PMID: 38882105 PMCID: PMC11171094 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a major cause of chronic liver disease, is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver. Existing models struggle to assess medication effects on liver function in the context of NAFLD's unique inflammatory environment. We address this by developing a 3D in vitro NAFLD model using HepG2 and THP-1 cells (mimicking liver and Kupffer cells) cocultured using transwell and hydrogel system. This mimics liver architecture and allows for manipulation of the immune environment. We demonstrate that the model recapitulates key NAFLD features: steatosis (induced by fatty acids), oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired liver function embodying the interrelationship between NAFLD and the surrounding immune environment. This versatile model offers a valuable tool for preclinical NAFLD research by incorporating a disease-relevant immune environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhye Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Lang Kyun
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Jung
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Kwon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongha Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Kang Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Zailaie SA, Khoja BB, Siddiqui JJ, Mawardi MH, Heaphy E, Aljagthmi A, Sergi CM. Investigating the Role of Non-Coding RNA in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:10. [PMID: 38392965 PMCID: PMC10891858 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules that do not code for protein but play key roles in regulating cellular processes. NcRNAs globally affect gene expression in diverse physiological and pathological contexts. Functionally important ncRNAs act in chromatin modifications, in mRNA stabilization and translation, and in regulation of various signaling pathways. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a set of conditions caused by the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver. Studies of ncRNA in NAFLD are limited but have demonstrated that ncRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this review, we summarize NAFLD's pathogenesis and clinical features, discuss current treatment options, and review the involvement of ncRNAs as regulatory molecules in NAFLD and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In addition, we highlight signaling pathways dysregulated in NAFLD and review their crosstalk with ncRNAs. Having a thorough understanding of the disease process's molecular mechanisms will facilitate development of highly effective diagnostic and therapeutic treatments. Such insights can also inform preventive strategies to minimize the disease's future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A. Zailaie
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center-Jeddah (KFSHRC-J), Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.Z.); (B.B.K.); (E.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Basmah B. Khoja
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center-Jeddah (KFSHRC-J), Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.Z.); (B.B.K.); (E.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Jumana J. Siddiqui
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad H. Mawardi
- Medicine Department, Gastroenterology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center-Jeddah (KFSHRC-J), Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emily Heaphy
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center-Jeddah (KFSHRC-J), Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.Z.); (B.B.K.); (E.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Amjad Aljagthmi
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center-Jeddah (KFSHRC-J), Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.Z.); (B.B.K.); (E.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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Guo Z, Wu Q, Xie P, Wang J, Lv W. Immunomodulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: exploring mechanisms and applications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336493. [PMID: 38352880 PMCID: PMC10861763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits increased lipid enrichment in hepatocytes. The spectrum of this disease includes stages such as nonalcoholic simple fatty liver (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and liver fibrosis. Changes in lifestyle behaviors have been a major factor contributing to the increased cases of NAFLD patients globally. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD, identify therapeutic targets, and develop new strategies to improve the clinical management of the disease. Immunoregulation is a strategy through which the organism recognizes and eliminates antigenic foreign bodies to maintain physiological homeostasis. In this process, multiple factors, including immune cells, signaling molecules, and cytokines, play a role in governing the evolution of NAFLD. This review seeks to encapsulate the advancements in research regarding immune regulation in NAFLD, spanning from underlying mechanisms to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinjuan Wu
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xie
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuchong Wang
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenliang Lv
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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