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Li H, Xiao J, Liao M, Wan L, Huang Q, Feng B, Peng X, Tu Y, Huang G. 2-week prevalence and associated factors of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6-23 months in rural Hunan Province. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13867. [PMID: 38879665 PMCID: PMC11180166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fever and diarrhea are key causes of malnutrition, growth and development disorders, and death among children. At present, most studies on the associated factors of fever and diarrhea in children are concentrated in African and South Asian countries, but relevant research in China is very limited. This study was aimed to analyze the two-week prevalence of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Hunan Province and to explore the associated factors. The survey data of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Children in Poor Areas (NIPCPA) from 2016 to 2023 was used here. NIPCPA is a cross-sectional survey completed annually in Hunan to collect children's nutrition and health indicators. The two-week prevalence rates of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6-23 months were 12.2% (2066/16,985), 9.6% (1634/16,985), and 3.2% (542/16,985), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the risks of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea were higher among younger children. The high educational level of caregivers, effective consumption of Yingyangbao (a complementary food supplement containing iron, zinc, calcium, vitamins A, D, B1, B2, B12, folic acid, and other micronutrients), and complementary feeding meeting minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against fever in children, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 0.87 (95%CI: 0.78-0.98), 0.78 (0.69-0.87), 0.73 (0.65-0.82), and 0.74 (0.66-0.84), respectively. Effective consumption of Yingyangbao, and complementary feeding meeting the minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against diarrhea in children, with aORs of 0.72 (95%CI: 0.63-0.83), 0.79 (0.70-0.91), and 0.80 (0.70-0.92), respectively. Effective consumption of Yingyangbao, and complementary feeding meeting the minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against coexisting fever and diarrhea among children, with aORs of 0.53 (95%CI: 0.43-0.66), 0.71 (0.58-0.89), and 0.70 (0.56-0.88), respectively. Fever, diarrhea, and the coexisting fever and diarrhea affect one in eight, one in ten, and one in thirty children respectively in rural areas of Hunan. Effective interventions should be actively taken, such as improving the education level of caregivers, enhancing their scientific feeding skills for children, and promoting children's compliance with Yingyangbao consumption, to further reduce the prevalence of fever and diarrhea in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Minghui Liao
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lijia Wan
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Binbin Feng
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xianglian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Newborn Diseases Of Maternal Origins, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Maternal and Children Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guangwen Huang
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Yin J, Liu T, Sun J, Huo J, Huang J. Intervention Effect of a Soybean-Based Complementary Food Supplement on Anemic Infants in a Poor Rural Region in China: Evidence from Quasi-RCT. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:13. [PMID: 38275434 PMCID: PMC10814168 DOI: 10.3390/children11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The soybean-based Yingyang Bao complementary food supplement represents a special nutritional improvement method for anemic infants in many intervention projects across China, while its benefits lack rigorous evidence. Using a quasi-randomized controlled trial design, which adhered to randomization and control except for the blinding method, 248 anemic infants were divided randomly into an intervention group (128 cases received the Yingyang Bao intervention based on routine feeding) and a control group (120 cases only received routine feeding). Anthropometric indicators and 16 blood indicators were measured at baseline and 1 year after intervention. The levels of hemoglobin, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, homocysteine, retinol, vitamin D3, and soluble transferrin receptor and the height-age-Z score and weight-age-Z score of the intervention group were significantly improved after the intervention (p < 0.05). The homocysteine level improvement appeared to be moderately negatively correlated with the cobalamin level improvement (p < 0.05). The improvements of five indicators were significant correlated with the intervention duration (p < 0.05), and the corresponding three significant regression equations could predict the intervention effect and the intervention duration to a certain extent. This quasi-randomized controlled trial provided more convincing evidence that Yingyang Bao can effectively improve three kinds of malnutrition compared to previous research which only adopted self before and after comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Department of Central Laboratory, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (T.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Junsheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Department of Central Laboratory, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (T.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (J.Y.); (J.H.)
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