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Safety Evaluation in Healthy Colombian Volunteers of P2Et Extract Obtained from Caesalpinia spinosa: Design 3+3 Phase I Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7943001. [PMID: 35251213 PMCID: PMC8890855 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7943001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The polyphenol-enriched extract called P2Et derived from Caesalpinia spinosa (C. spinosa) had antitumor and immunomodulatory activities reported in breast cancer, leukemia, and melanoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and maximum tolerated dose of P2Et extract in Colombian healthy volunteers in a phase 1 clinical trial, open labelled, single-arm, dose-escalation design 3 + 3. Seven healthy volunteers were included; P2Et was administrated in capsules of 600 mg/d for 28 days. Analysis by intention to treat was performed. 4 volunteers showed adverse events and discontinued the intervention. 94.6% of AE were grade 1, and most of AE had a reasonable possibility of a relationship with the P2Et (83.8%). We found that the oral administration of P2Et is safe in healthy humans with a maximum tolerated dose of 600 mg/d. There was no severe toxicity; most of the adverse events were mild, without significant changes in the safety parameters evaluated.
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Peng T, Su X, Cheng X, Wei Z, Su X, Li Q. A microfluidic cytometer for white blood cell analysis. Cytometry A 2021; 99:1107-1113. [PMID: 34369647 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide use of cytometry for white blood cell classification, the performance of traditional cytometers in point-of-care testing remains to be improved. Microfluidic techniques have been shown with considerable potentials in the development of portable devices. Here we present a prototype of microfluidic cytometer which integrates a three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing system and an on-chip optical system to count and classify white blood cells. By adjusting the flow speed of sheath flow and sample flow, the blood cells can be horizontally and vertically focused in the center of microchannel. Optical fibers and on-chip microlens are embedded for the excitation and detection of single-cell. The microfluidic chip was validated by classifying white blood cells from clinical blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhi Cheng
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Zewen Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuantao Su
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Said EA, Al-Reesi I, Al-Shizawi N, Jaju S, Al-Balushi MS, Koh CY, Al-Jabri AA, Jeyaseelan L. Defining IL-6 levels in healthy individuals: A meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3915-3924. [PMID: 33155686 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced by and impacts different cell types in human. IL-6 is associated with different diseases and viral infections, including COVID-19. To our knowledge, no normal values were reported for IL-6 in the blood of healthy individuals. We have reviewed and performed a meta-analysis on a total of 140 studies, including 12,421 values for IL-6 in the blood of healthy adult donors. Among these studies, 83 did not report a mean value and the standard deviation. Therefore, for the statistical analysis, we used the values reported in 57 studies, which included 3166 values for IL-6. RESULTS The reported values for IL-6 in the blood of healthy donors varied between 0 and 43.5 pg/ml. The pooled estimate of IL-6 was 5.186 pg/ml (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.631, 5.740). As the age increased by 1 year, IL-6 values increased by 0.05 pg/ml (95% CI: 0.02, 0.09; p < .01). Though the heterogenicity, as determined by I2 statistics, was high in our study, the differences in IL-6 values are still at the level of a few pg/ml, which might be related to the differences in the conditions that influence IL-6 production in the healthy population. CONCLUSIONS This is the first meta-analysis reporting the levels of IL-6 in the blood of healthy donors based on a large number of studies and donors. Therefore the 95% CI values determined in our study could well serve as a reference range for quick decision-making in clinical interventions, particularly those aiming to inhibit IL-6, especially urgent interventions, for example, COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Iman Al-Reesi
- Department of Microbiology, Suhar Hospital, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nawal Al-Shizawi
- Department of Microbiology, Suhar Hospital, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sanjay Jaju
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultanate of Oman, Alkoudh, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammed S Al-Balushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Crystal Y Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ali A Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Sultanate of Oman
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Fang Y, Yu N, Wang R, Su D. An on-chip instrument for white blood cells classification based on a lens-less shadow imaging technique. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174580. [PMID: 28350891 PMCID: PMC5370127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine blood tests provide important basic information for disease diagnoses. The proportions of three subtypes of white blood cells (WBCs), which are neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, is key information for disease diagnosis. However, current instruments for routine blood tests, such as blood cell analyzers, flow cytometers, and optical microscopes, are cumbersome, time consuming and expensive. To make a smaller, automatic low-cost blood cell analyzer, much research has focused on a technique called lens-less shadow imaging, which can obtain microscopic images of cells in a lens-less system. Nevertheless, the efficiency of this imaging system is not satisfactory because of two problems: low resolution and imaging diffraction phenomena. In this paper, a novel method of classifying cells with the shadow imaging technique was proposed. It could be used for the classification of the three subtypes of WBCs, and the correlation of the results of classification between the proposed system and the reference system (BC-5180, Mindray) was 0.93. However, the instrument was only 10 × 10 × 10 cm, and the cost was less than $100. Depending on the lens-free shadow imaging technology, the main hardware could be integrated on a chip scale and could be called an on-chip instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ningmei Yu
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Runlong Wang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dong Su
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Patel S, Vajdy M. Induction of cellular and molecular immunomodulatory pathways by vitamin A and flavonoids. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1411-28. [PMID: 26185959 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1066331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A detailed study of reports on the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin A and select flavonoids may pave the way for using these natural compounds or compounds with similar structures in novel drug and vaccine designs against infectious and autoimmune diseases and cancers. AREAS COVERED Intracellular transduction pathways, cellular differentiation and functional immunomodulatory responses have been reviewed. The reported studies encompass in vitro, in vivo preclinical and clinical studies that address the role of vitamin A and select flavonoids in induction of innate and adaptive B- and T-cell responses, including TH1, TH2 and regulatory T cells (Treg). EXPERT OPINION While the immunomodulatory role of vitamin A, and related compounds, is well-established in many preclinical studies, its role in humans has begun to gain wider acceptance. In contrast, the role of flavonoids is mostly controversial in clinical trials, due to the diversity of the various classes of these compounds, and possibly due to the purity and the selected doses of the compounds. However, current preclinical and clinical studies warrant further detailed studies of these promising immunomodulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Patel
- a EpitoGenesis, Inc. , 1392 Storrs Rd Unit 4213, ATL Building, Rm 101, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Michael Vajdy
- a EpitoGenesis, Inc. , 1392 Storrs Rd Unit 4213, ATL Building, Rm 101, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Akdere H, Oztekin I, Arda E, Aktoz T, Turan FN, Burgazli KM. Analgesic effects of oligonol, acupuncture and quantum light therapy on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e26006. [PMID: 26023344 PMCID: PMC4443389 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.17(4)2015.26006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis (CNBP) is a condition that frequently causes long-term pain and a significant decrease in the quality of life. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the analgesic effects of oligonol, acupuncture, quantum light therapy and their combinations on estrogen-induced CNBP in rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Edirne, Turkey, using a simple randomized allocation. A total of 90 adult male Wistar rats were randomized into 9 groups of 10 rats each: Group I, control; Group II, CNBP, Group III, oligonol only, Group IV, acupuncture only; Group V, quantum only; Group VI, oligonol + quantum; Group VII, acupuncture + oligonol; Group VIII, quantum + acupuncture; Group IX, acupuncture + quantum + oligonol. Oligonol treatment was given at a dose of 60 mg/day for 6 weeks. Conceptual vessels (CV) 3 and 4, and bilaterally urinary bladder (Bl) 32 and 34 points were targeted with 1-hour acupuncture stimulation. The quantum light therapy was applied in 5-minute sessions for 6 weeks (3-times/a week). For pain measurements, mechanical pressure was applied to a point 2 cm distal to the root of the tail to elicit pain and consequent parameters (peak force, latency time of response and total length of measurement) were assessed. Results: Analgesic effects were observed with all treatment regimens; however, the most prominent median analgesic effect was shown in the quantum light therapy in combination with acupuncture for estrogen-induced CNBP (PF1 = 663.9, PF2 = 403.4) (P = 0.012). Furthermore, we observed that monotherapy with quantum light showed a better analgesic efficacy as compared to oligonol and acupuncture monotherapies (PF1 = 1044.6, PF2 = 661.2) (P = 0.018, P = 0.008, P = 0.018; respectively). Conclusions: All treatment modalities showed a significant analgesic effect on CNBP in rats, being most prominent with the quantum light therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Akdere
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Oztekin
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Algology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Ilhan Oztekin, Departments of Anesthesiology and Algology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. Tel: +90-2842357641, Fax: +90-2842358096, E-mail:
| | - Ersan Arda
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Aktoz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nesrin Turan
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Kamil Mehmet Burgazli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Angiology, Wuppertal Research and Medical Center, Wuppertal, Germany
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Nagahama K, Eto N, Shimojo T, Kondoh T, Nakahara K, Sakakibara Y, Fukui K, Suiko M. Effect of kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) pericarp on natural killer cell activity in vitro and in vivo. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1327-36. [PMID: 25849817 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1025033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in innate immune defense against infectious disease and cancer. A reduction of NK activity is likely to be associated with increased risk of these types of disease. In this study, we investigate the activation potential of kumquat pericarp acetone fraction (KP-AF) on NK cells. It is shown to significantly increase IFN-γ production and NK cytotoxic activity in human KHYG-1 NK cells. Moreover, oral administration of KP-AF significantly improves both suppressed plasma IFN-γ levels and NK cytotoxic activity per splenocyte in restraint-stressed mice. These results indicate that raw kumquat pericarp activates NK cells in vitro and in vivo. To identify the active constituents, we also examined IFN-γ production on KHYG-1 cells by the predicted active components. Only β-cryptoxanthin increased IFN-γ production, suggesting that NK cell activation effects of KP-AF may be caused by carotenoids such as β-cryptoxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Nagahama
- a Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering , University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan
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Lee J, Shin Y, Murota H. Oligonol supplementation modulates plasma volume and osmolality and sweating after heat load in humans. J Med Food 2015; 18:578-83. [PMID: 25602687 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonol is a low-molecular-weight polyphenol that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the effects of Oligonol supplementation on sweating response, plasma volume (PV), and osmolality (Osm) after heat load in human volunteers. We conducted a placebo-controlled crossover trial. Participants took a daily dose of 200 mg Oligonol or placebo for 1 week. After a 2-week washout period, the subjects were switched to the other study arm. As a heat load, half-body immersion into hot water (42°C±0.5°C for 30 min) was performed in an automated climate chamber. Tympanic and mean body temperature (Tty, mTb) and whole-body sweat loss volume (WBSLV) were measured. Changes in PV, Osm, and serum levels of aldosterone and sodium were analyzed. Oligonol intake attenuated increases in Tty, mTb, and WBSLV after heat load compared with the placebo (P<.01, P<.05, and P<.01, respectively). In addition, serum aldosterone was maintained at a relatively low degree and serum sodium was maintained at a relatively high degree with Oligonol compared to the placebo (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively). However, PV decreased and Osm increased significantly with Oligonol compared to the placebo (P<.05 and P<.05, respectively). This study demonstrates that Oligonol supplementation for 1 week can attenuate elevation of body temperature and excessive sweating under heat load in healthy humans, but interpretation of the results requires caution due to the potent diuretic effect of Oligonol.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeongBeom Lee
- 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, Korea
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