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Adiamo OQ, Bobasa EM, Phan ADT, Akter S, Seididamyeh M, Dayananda B, Gaisawat MB, Kubow S, Sivakumar D, Sultanbawa Y. In-vitro colonic fermentation of Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) fruit powder: Microbial biotransformation of phenolic compounds and cytotoxicity. Food Chem 2024; 448:139057. [PMID: 38555694 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) (KP) is an indigenous fruit used as a functional ingredient in powdered form. Three KP doses (1, 2.5 and 5 g) were digested in a dynamic in vitro gut digestion model over 48 h. Faecal water digests from the colonic reactors were assessed for total soluble polyphenols (TSP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phenolic metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Effects of digests on cell viability were tested against Caco-2 intestinal and HepG2 hepatic cells. All doses of KP fermentation produced castalagin, corilagin, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and gallic acid. TSP and FRAP significantly increased in 5 g KP digests at 0 and 48 h of fermentation. SCFA concentrations significantly increased after 48 h. Cytotoxic effects of 2.5 and 5 g KP digests diminished significantly after 12 h. Overall, colonic fermentation increased antioxidant activity and polyphenolic metabolites of 5 g KP powder for 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladipupo Q Adiamo
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland (UQ), Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Eshetu M Bobasa
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland (UQ), Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Anh Dao Thi Phan
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland (UQ), Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Saleha Akter
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland (UQ), Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Maral Seididamyeh
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland (UQ), Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Buddhi Dayananda
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Stan Kubow
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland (UQ), Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia; Phytochemical Food Network, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 001, South Africa
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland (UQ), Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia.
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Xu J, Wang X, Yu H, Chai X, Zhang M, Wu HH, Wang Y. Study on Quality Characteristic of Chebulae Fructus and Its Adulterants and Degradation Pathway of Hydrolyzable Tannins. Molecules 2024; 29:2399. [PMID: 38792262 PMCID: PMC11123712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chebulae Fructus (CF) is known as one of the richest sources of hydrolyzable tannins (HTs). In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector method was established for simultaneous determination of the 12 common phenolcarboxylic and tannic constituents (PTCs). Using this method, quantitative analysis was accomplished in CF and other four adulterants, including Terminaliae Belliricae Fructus, Phyllanthi Fructus, Chebulae Fructus Immaturus, and Canarii Fructus. Based on a quantitative analysis of the focused compounds, discrimination of CF and other four adulterants was successfully accomplished by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Additionally, the total contents of the 12 compounds that we focused on in this study were unveiled as 148.86 mg/g, 96.14 mg/g, and 18.64 mg/g in exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp and seed of CF, respectively, and PTCs were witnessed to be the most abundant in the exocarp of CF. Noticeably, the HTs (chebulagic acid, chebulanin acid, chebulinic acid, and punicalagin) were observed to be ultimately degraded to chebulic acid, gallic acid, and ellagic acid during sunlight-drying of the fresh fruits. As a result, our study indicated that CF and its adulterants could be distinguished by the observed 12 PTCs, which were mainly distributed in the exocarp of the fruits. The HTs were prone to degrade into the three simple phenolcarboxylic acids during drying or processing, allowing us to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the PTCs, with great significance in the improved quality of CF and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Huijuan Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xin Chai
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Aljabouri I, Rostami M, Mirzavi F, Kakhki MK, Alalikhan A, Gheybi E, Hakimi A, Soukhtanloo M. Urolithin B protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced toxicity. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:360. [PMID: 38402341 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of malfunctioning glutamate systems in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders is widely acknowledged. Urolithin B, known for its neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, has shown potential as a therapeutic agent for these disorders. However, little is known about its protective effects against glutamate-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Therefore, in this study, for the first time we aimed to investigate the ability of Urolithin B to reduce the cytotoxic effects of glutamate on PC12 cells. METHODS Different non-toxic concentrations of urolithin B were applied to PC12 cells for 24 h before exposure to glutamate (10 mM). The cells were then analyzed for cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes. RESULTS The results of MTT assay showed that glutamate at a concentration of 10 mM and urolithin B at a concentration of 114 μM can reduce PC12 cell viability by 50%. However, urolithin B at non-toxic concentrations of 4 and 8 μM significantly reduced glutamate-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.01). Interestingly, treatment with glutamate significantly enhanced the intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis rate in PC12 cells, while pre-treatment with non-toxic concentrations of urolithin B significantly reduced these cytotoxic effects. The results also showed that pre-treatment with urolithin B can decrease the Bax (p < 0.05) and increase the Bcl-2 (p < 0.01) gene expression, which was dysregulated by glutamate. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, urolithin B may play a protective role through reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis against glutamate-induced toxicity in PC12 cells, which merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Aljabouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rostami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahla Kazemian Kakhki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Alalikhan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Gheybi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Hakimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Gade A, Kumar MS. Gut microbial metabolites of dietary polyphenols and their potential role in human health and diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:695-718. [PMID: 37653220 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols contribute as one of the largest groups of compounds among all the phytochemicals. Common sources of dietary polyphenols are vegetables, fruits, berries, cereals, whole grains, etc. Owing to their original form, they are difficult to get absorbed. Dietary polyphenols after undergoing gut microbial metabolism form bioaccessible and effective metabolites. Polyphenols and derived metabolites are all together a diversified group of compounds exhibiting pharmacological activities against cardiovascular, cancer, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and bacterial diseases. The formed metabolites are sometimes even more bioavailable and efficacious than the parent polyphenols. Studies on gut microbial metabolism of dietary polyphenols have introduced new approach for the use of polyphenol-rich food in the form of supplementary diet. This review provides insights on various aspects including classification of polyphenols, gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of polyphenols, chemistry of polyphenol metabolism, and pharmacological actions of gut microbial metabolites of polyphenols. It also suggests the use of polyphenols from marine source for the microbial metabolism studies. Till date, gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols from terrestrial sources is extensively studied as compared to marine polyphenols. Marine ecosystem is a profound but partially explored source of phytoconstituents. Among them, edible seaweeds contain high concentration of polyphenols, especially phlorotannins. Hence, microbial metabolism studies of seaweeds can unravel the pharmacological potential of marine polyphenol-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Gade
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidya Vihar East, Mumbai, 400077, India
| | - Maushmi S Kumar
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidya Vihar East, Mumbai, 400077, India.
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Xu J, Tian H, Ji Y, Dong L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao X, Shi H, Li H, Yang L. Urolithin C reveals anti-NAFLD potential via AMPK-ferroptosis axis and modulating gut microbiota. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2687-2699. [PMID: 37126194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacology of urolithin C (UroC) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely undetermined. We sought to investigate the potential for NAFLD improvement by administration of UroC and the underlying mechanisms. We verified the therapeutic effect of UroC on choline-deficient amino acid-defined high fat diet (CDAHFD) induced NAFLD mice via evaluating NAFLD activity score (NAS), AST, ALT, hepatic phosphorylated AMPK, and 4-hydroxynonenal. Oleic acid-induced AML12 cell was appraised by oil red staining and western blotting to explore the effect and mechanism of UroC in vitro. Transcriptional regulation of UroC was explored by liver RNA sequencing, gut microbiota composition was explored by 16SrRNA sequencing, and colorectal tight junctional proteins were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The detrimental effects of CDAHFD included the increased liver index, AST, ALT, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal, impaired intestinal mucosal barrier, and most importantly, pathological damage in liver. Oral administration of UroC largely protected against these harmful alterations. Remarkably, both RNA sequencing and western blotting results indicated an activation in hepatic AMPK signaling pathway which was thought to inhibit ferroptosis response to UroC in vivo, while no change were found in AMPK-ferroptosis axis response to UroC in oleic acid-induced AML12 cells, hinted an indispensable linkage between UroC and hepatic AMPK, presumably the gut-liver axis. Furthermore, UroC could neither alleviate lipid deposition nor inhibit ferroptosis in vitro. The 16SrRNA showed UroC partially counteracted the dysbiosis induced by CDAHFD. Specifically, UroC reversed the elevated proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and enhanced the level of Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Lactobacillus vaginalis, which played a beneficial role in metabolic disorders. Oral administration of Urolithin C protected against the detrimental impact of CDAHFD via regulating AMPK-ferroptosis axis, maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier and counteracting gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hongyang Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
- Minhang District Shenxin Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 201108, China
| | - Yajun Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
- Huamu Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yatao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xuefen Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Longbao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Wang W, Ige OO, Ding Y, He M, Long P, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wen X. Insights into the potential benefits of triphala polyphenols toward the promotion of resilience against stress-induced depression and cognitive impairment. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100527. [PMID: 37377497 PMCID: PMC10291000 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to environmental challenges, stress is a common reaction, but dysregulation of the stress response can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and cognitive impairment. Particularly, there is ample evidence that overexposure to mental stress can have lasting detrimental consequences for psychological health, cognitive function, and ultimately well-being. In fact, some individuals are resilient to the same stressor. A major benefit of enhancing stress resilience in at-risk groups is that it may help prevent the onset of stress-induced mental health problems. A potential therapeutic strategy for maintaining a healthy life is to address stress-induced health problems with botanicals or dietary supplements such as polyphenols. Triphala, also known as Zhe Busong decoction in Tibetan, is a well-recognized Ayurvedic polyherbal medicine comprising dried fruits from three different plant species. As a promising food-sourced phytotherapy, triphala polyphenols have been used throughout history to treat a variety of medical conditions, including brain health maintenance. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review is still lacking. Here, the primary objective of this review article is to provide an overview of the classification, safety, and pharmacokinetics of triphala polyphenols, as well as recommendations for the development of triphala polyphenols as a novel therapeutic strategy for promoting resilience in susceptible individuals. Additionally, we summarize recent advances demonstrating that triphala polyphenols are beneficial to cognitive and psychological resilience by regulating 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptors, gut microbiota, and antioxidant-related signaling pathways. Overall, scientific exploration of triphala polyphenols is warranted to understand their therapeutic efficacy. In addition to providing novel insights into the mechanisms of triphala polyphenols for promoting stress resilience, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and systemic bioavailability of triphala polyphenols also need to be improved by the research community. Moreover, well-designed clinical trials are needed to increase the scientific validity of triphala polyphenols' beneficial effects for preventing and treating cognitive impairment and psychological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Olufola Oladoyin Ige
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mengshan He
- The Academy of Chinese Health Risks, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pan Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610021, China
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Gut microbial modulation by culinary herbs and spices. Food Chem 2023; 409:135286. [PMID: 36599291 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Culinary herbs and spices have previously been recognised for their potential impact on health through antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. They may also be promotors of positive microbial modulation by stimulating beneficial gut bacteria during fermentation, increasing the production of short chain fatty acids and thereby exhibiting a prebiotic effect. In the present paper, current literature around herb and spice consumption, gut microbiota modulation and prospective health benefits were reviewed. Herb and spice consumption can positively modulate gut microbes and possibly play an important role in inflammation related afflictions such as obesity. Current literature indicates that few human studies have been conducted to confirm the impact of herb and spice consumption on gut microbiota in connection with prospective health outcomes and inconsistencies in conclusions therefore remain.
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Ding K, Jiang W, Zhan W, Xiong C, Chen J, Wang Y, Jia H, Lei M. The therapeutic potential of quercetin for cigarette smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2023; 17:17534666231170800. [PMID: 37154390 PMCID: PMC10170608 DOI: 10.1177/17534666231170800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Quercetin has potentially beneficial therapeutic effects for several diseases, including cigarette smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CS-COPD). Many studies have shown that quercetin's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have positive therapeutic potential for CS-COPD. In addition, quercetin's immunomodulatory, anti-cellular senescence, mitochondrial autophagy-modulating, and gut microbiota-modulating effects may also have therapeutic value for CS-COPD. However, there appears to be no review of the possible mechanisms of quercetin for treating CS-COPD. Moreover, the combination of quercetin with common therapeutic drugs for CS-COPD needs further refinement. Therefore, in this article, after introducing the definition and metabolism of quercetin, and its safety, we comprehensively presented the pathogenesis of CS-COPD related to oxidative stress, inflammation, immunity, cellular senescence, mitochondrial autophagy, and gut microbiota. We then reviewed quercetin's anti-CS-COPD effects, performed by influencing these mechanisms. Finally, we explored the possibility of using quercetin with commonly used drugs for treating CS-COPD, providing a basis for future screening of excellent drug combinations for treating CS-COPD. This review has provided meaningful information on quercetin's mechanisms and clinical use in treating CS-COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Ding
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenling Zhan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunping Xiong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieling Chen
- Shehong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shehong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanan Jia
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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Polyphenols as Drivers of a Homeostatic Gut Microecology and Immuno-Metabolic Traits of Akkermansia muciniphila: From Mouse to Man. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010045. [PMID: 36613488 PMCID: PMC9820369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucosal symbiont considered a gut microbial marker in healthy individuals, as its relative abundance is significantly reduced in subjects with gut inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Dietary polyphenols can distinctly stimulate the relative abundance of A. muciniphila, contributing to the attenuation of several diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and liver damage. However, mechanistic insight into how polyphenols stimulate A. muciniphila or its activity is limited. This review focuses on dietary interventions in rodents and humans and in vitro studies using different phenolic classes. We provide critical insights with respect to potential mechanisms explaining the effects of polyphenols affecting A. muciniphila. Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavanones, stilbenes, and phenolic acids are shown to increase relative A. muciniphila levels in vivo, whereas lignans exert the opposite effect. Clinical trials show consistent findings, and high intervariability relying on the gut microbiota composition at the baseline and the presence of multiple polyphenol degraders appear to be cardinal determinants in inducing A. muciniphila and associated benefits by polyphenol intake. Polyphenols signal to the AhR receptor and impact the relative abundance of A. muciniphila in a direct and indirect fashion, resulting in the restoration of intestinal epithelial integrity and homeostatic crosstalk with the gut microbiota by affecting IL-22 production. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that A. muciniphila participates in the initial hydrolysis of some polyphenols but does not participate in their complete metabolism. In conclusion, the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods targeting A. muciniphila as a pivotal intermediary represents a promising precision nutritional therapy to prevent and attenuate metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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10
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Gao ZY, Song YL, Li XT, Li TH, Lu CH, Shen YM. Effects of hydrolysable tannins from Terminalia citrina on type III secretion system (T3SS) and their intestinal metabolite urolithin B represses Salmonella T3SS through Hha–H-NS–HilD–HilC–RtsA–HilA regulatory pathway. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Formato M, Cimmino G, Brahmi-Chendouh N, Piccolella S, Pacifico S. Polyphenols for Livestock Feed: Sustainable Perspectives for Animal Husbandry? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227752. [PMID: 36431852 PMCID: PMC9693569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in specialized metabolites for fortification strategies in feed and/or as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial alternative for the containment of disorders/pathologies that can also badly impact human nutrition. In this context, the improvement of the diet of ruminant species with polyphenols and the influence of these compounds on animal performance, biohydrogenation processes, methanogenesis, and quality and quantity of milk have been extensively investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. Often conflicting results emerge from a review of the literature of recent years. However, the data suggest pursuing a deepening of the role of phenols and polyphenols in ruminant feeding, paying greater attention to the chemistry of the single compound or to that of the mixture of compounds more commonly used for investigative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Giovanna Cimmino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Nabila Brahmi-Chendouh
- Laboratory of 3BS, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (S.F.)
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12
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Cheng Z, Wang Y, Li B. Dietary Polyphenols Alleviate Autoimmune Liver Disease by Mediating the Intestinal Microenvironment: Challenges and Hopes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10708-10737. [PMID: 36005815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease is a chronic liver disease caused by an overactive immune response in the liver that imposes a significant health and economic cost on society. Due to the side effects of existing medicinal medications, there is a trend toward seeking natural bioactive compounds as dietary supplements. Currently, dietary polyphenols have been proven to have the ability to mediate gut-liver immunity and control autoimmune liver disease through modulating the intestinal microenvironment. Based on the preceding, this Review covers the many forms of autoimmune liver illnesses, their pathophysiology, and the modulatory effects of polyphenols on immune disorders. Finally, we focus on how polyphenols interact with the intestinal milieu to improve autoimmune liver disease. In conclusion, we suggest that dietary polyphenols have the potential as gut-targeted modulators for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune liver disease and highlight new perspectives and critical issues for future pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
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A comprehensive review on the diverse pharmacological perspectives of Terminalia chebula Retz. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10220. [PMID: 36051270 PMCID: PMC9424961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz, commonly known as 'Haritaki/Myrobalan,' has been utilised as a traditional medicine for a long time. It has been extensively exercised in various indigenous medicine practices like Unani, Tibb, Ayurveda, and Siddha to remedy human ailments such as bleeding, carminative, dysentery, liver tonic, digestive, antidiarrheal, analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial and helpful in skin disorders. Studies on the pharmacological effects of T. chebula and its phytoconstituents documented between January, 1996 and December, 2021 were explored using various electronic databases. During the time mentioned above, several laboratory approaches revealed the biological properties of T. chebula, including antioxidative, antiproliferative, anti-microbial, proapoptotic, anti-diabetic, anti-ageing, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiepileptic. It is also beneficial in glucose and lipid metabolism and prevents atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. Different parts of T. chebula such as fruits, seeds, galls, barks extracted with various solvent systems (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl-acetate) revealed major bioactive compounds like chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, and chebulaginic acid, which in turn proved to have valuable pharmacological properties through broad scientific investigations. There is a common link between chebulagic acid and chebulanin with its antioxidant property, antiaging activity, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic activity, and cardioprotective activity. The actions may be through neutralizing the free radicals responsible for producing tissue damage alongside interconnecting many other diseases. The current review summarises the scientifically documented literature on pharmacological potentials and chemical compositions of T. chebula, which is expected to investigate further studies on this subject.
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Rezvanjoo Z, Raofie F. Nanoparticle Production of Terminalia Chebula Extracts by Expansion of Supercritical Solution (ESS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x2150037x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Terminalia chebula pharmaceuticals were extracted by using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique. Under the optimal conditions of 184 [Formula: see text]L modifier volume, 46 min dynamic extraction time, and 316 atm fluid pressure, the extraction procedure was optimized by central composite design. A modified rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) technique, named expansion of the supercritical solution (ESS) was used to create the extracted pharmaceutical nanoparticles (NPs). In ESS, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO[Formula: see text] was saturated with the extracts at high-pressure. Next, a pressure drop reduced the SC-CO2 solubility power in a way the extracts started to precipitate. In contrast to RESS, the pressure was permanently conserved above the critical pressure before and after depressurization. Therefore, the expansion process was gentle, which led to obtaining small and uniform particles. In the NP production process, the most adequate parameters were 360[Formula: see text]atm premier pressure, 120[Formula: see text]atm subsequent pressure, 25[Formula: see text]min equilibrium time, 30[Formula: see text]min sedimentation time, and [Formula: see text]C temperature. The average size of precipitated NPs was 41[Formula: see text]nm according to the results of field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry evaluation demonstrated the presence of chebulinic and chebulagic acids in the extracted sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezvanjoo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Farhad Raofie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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Olennikov DN, Kirillina CS, Chirikova NK. Water-Soluble Melanoidin Pigment as a New Antioxidant Component of Fermented Willowherb Leaves ( Epilobium angustifolium). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1300. [PMID: 34439548 PMCID: PMC8389334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Willowherb (Epilobium angustifolium L., family Onagraceae) is a well-known food and medicinal plant used after fermentation as a source of beverages with high antioxidant potential. Despite this long history of use, only a few papers have described the chemical profile and bioactivity of fermented willowherb tea in general. To understand the basic metabolic differences of non-fermented and fermented E. angustifolium leaves, we used general chemical analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection assay, and an isolation technique. As a result, the content of 14 chemical groups of compounds was compared in the two plant materials; 59 compounds were detected, including 36 new metabolites; and a new water-soluble phenolic polymer of melanoidin nature was isolated and characterized. The fundamental chemical shifts in fermented E. angustifolium leaves relate mainly to the decrease of ellagitannin content, while there is an increase of melanoidin percentage and saving of the antioxidant potential, despite the significant changes detected. The strong antioxidative properties of the new melanoidin were revealed in a series of in vitro bioassays, and a simulated gastrointestinal and colonic digestion model demonstrated the stability of melanoidin and its antioxidant activity. Finally, we concluded that the new melanoidin is a basic antioxidant of the fermented leaves of E. angustifolium, and it can be recommended for additional study as a promising food and medicinal antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil N. Olennikov
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Christina S. Kirillina
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, 677027 Yakutsk, Russia; (C.S.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Nadezhda K. Chirikova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, 677027 Yakutsk, Russia; (C.S.K.); (N.K.C.)
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Wei X, Luo C, He Y, Huang H, Ran F, Liao W, Tan P, Fan S, Cheng Y, Zhang D, Lin J, Han L. Hepatoprotective Effects of Different Extracts From Triphala Against CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664607. [PMID: 34290606 PMCID: PMC8287969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Triphala is a traditional polyherbal formula used in Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese Tibetan medicine. A wide range of biological activities have been attributed to Triphala, but the impact of various extraction methods on efficacy has not been determined. Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate Triphala extracts obtained by various methods for their hepatoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Methods: HPLC fingerprinting was used to characterize the chemical characteristics of Triphala extracts obtained by (a) 0.5 h ultrasonication, (b) 2 h reflux, and (c) 4 h reflux. Hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver damage. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured, as well as the liver antioxidant and inflammatory markers malondialdehyde superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), TNF-α, and IL-6. Gene and protein expression of Nrf-2 signaling components Nrf-2, heme oxygenase (HO-1), and NADPH Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) in liver tissue were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting. Results: Chemical analysis showed a clear difference in content between extracts produced by ultrasonic and reflux methods. The pharmacological analysis showed that all three Triphala extracts reduced ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and increased SOD and GSH-Px. Triphala extracts also induced transcript and protein expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Conclusion: Triphala extract prevents CCl4-induced acute liver injury. The ultrasonic extract of Triphala was most effective, suggesting that hepatoprotection may be related to the larger tannins via activation of Nrf-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Gregory J, Vengalasetti YV, Bredesen DE, Rao RV. Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040543. [PMID: 33917843 PMCID: PMC8068256 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background—Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in cognitive function. While the exact cause of AD is still unclear, recent studies point to lifestyle, diet, environmental, and genetic factors as contributors to disease progression. The pharmaceutical approaches developed to date do not alter disease progression. More than two hundred promising drug candidates have failed clinical trials in the past decade, suggesting that the disease and its causes may be highly complex. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies are now gaining more interest as complementary and alternative interventions and are a valuable source for developing drug candidates for AD. Indeed, several scientific studies have described the use of various medicinal plants and their principal phytochemicals for the treatment of AD. This article reviews a subset of herbs for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cognitive-enhancing effects. Methods—This article systematically reviews recent studies that have investigated the role of neuroprotective herbs and their bioactive compounds for dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease and pre-Alzheimer’s disease. PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases of articles were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Conclusions—Medicinal plants have great potential as part of an overall program in the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline associated with AD. It is hoped that these medicinal plants can be used in drug discovery programs for identifying safe and efficacious small molecules for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gregory
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
| | | | - Dale E. Bredesen
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.B.); (R.V.R.)
| | - Rammohan V. Rao
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
- California College of Ayurveda, 700 Zion Street, Nevada City, CA 95959, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.B.); (R.V.R.)
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Protective Effect of Triphala against Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6674988. [PMID: 33898626 PMCID: PMC8052154 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6674988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is implicated in the progression of many neurological diseases, which could be induced by various chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acrylamide. Triphala is a well-recognized Ayurvedic medicine that possesses different therapeutic properties (e.g., antihistamine, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticariogenic effects). However, little information is available regarding the neuroprotective effect of Triphala on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods An in vitro H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell model and an in vivo acrylamide-induced zebrafish model were established. Cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation were examined by MTT assay, ELISA, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The molecular mechanism underlying the antioxidant activity of Triphala against H2O2 was investigated dose dependently by Western blotting. The in vivo neuroprotective effect of Triphala on acrylamide-induced oxidative injury in Danio rerio was determined using immunofluorescence staining. Results The results indicated that Triphala plays a neuroprotective role against H2O2 toxicity in inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation. Furthermore, Triphala pretreatment suppressed the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MARK) signal pathway (p-Erk1/2, p-JNK1/2, and p-p38), whereas it restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase) in the H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Consistently, similar protective effects of Triphala were observed in declining neuroapoptosis and scavenging free radicals in the zebrafish central neural system, possessing a critical neuroprotective property against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress. Conclusion In summary, Triphala is a promising neuroprotective agent against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and zebrafishes with significant antiapoptosis and antioxidant activities.
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Domínguez-Fernández M, Ludwig IA, De Peña MP, Cid C. Bioaccessibility of Tudela artichoke (Cynara scolymus cv. Blanca de Tudela) (poly)phenols: the effects of heat treatment, simulated gastrointestinal digestion and human colonic microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:1996-2011. [PMID: 33537693 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of (poly)phenolic compounds in Tudela artichokes (Cynara scolymus cv. Blanca de Tudela) after an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and the effect of the human colonic microbiota. A total of 28 (poly)phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS in raw, boiled, sous vide and microwaved Tudela artichokes. Out of these, sixteen were phenolic acids, specifically caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and other minor hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, ten flavonoids belonging to the family of flavones (apigenin and luteolin derivatives) and two lignans (pinoresinol derivatives). Sous vide and microwaving caused mainly transesterification reactions of CQAs but maintained or even augmented the total (poly)phenolic contents of artichokes, while boiling decreased (poly)phenolic compounds by 25% due to leaching into the boiling water. Heat treatment exerted a positive effect on the bioaccessibility of (poly)phenols after gastrointestinal digestion. In raw artichokes, only 1.6% of the total (poly)phenolic compounds remained bioaccessible after gastrointestinal digestion, while in artichoke samples cooked by sous vide, boiled and microwaved, the percentage of bioaccessibility was 60.38%, 59.93% and 39,03% respectively. After fecal fermentation, 20 native (poly)phenolic compounds and 11 newly formed catabolites were quantified. 48 h of fecal fermentation showed that native (poly)phenols are readily degraded by colonic microbiota during the first 2 h of incubation. The colonic degradation of artichoke (poly)phenols follows a major pathway that involves the formation of caffeic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, 3-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid and phenylacetic acid, with 3-phenylpropionic acid being the most abundant end product. The catabolic pathways for colonic microbial degradation of artichoke CQAs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Domínguez-Fernández
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Ketnawa S, Reginio FC, Thuengtung S, Ogawa Y. Changes in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of plant-based foods by gastrointestinal digestion: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4684-4705. [PMID: 33511849 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1878100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, omnipresent in plants, are a crucial part of the human diet and are of considerable interest due to their antioxidant properties and other potential beneficial health effects, for instance, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The consumption of a variety of plant-based foods containing various phenolic compounds has increased due to published scientific verification of several health benefits. The release of phenolic compounds and change in their bioactivities examined through in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion could provide information on the biological potency of bioactive components, which will allow us to elucidate their metabolic pathways and bioactivities at target sites. This review reports on the recent research results focused on changes during the gastro and/or intestinal phase. The effect of digestive enzymes and digestive pH conditions during simulated digestion accounted for the variations in bioaccessibility and bioavailability of phenolic antioxidants as well as the corresponding antioxidant activities were also summarized and presented in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunantha Ketnawa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Florencio Collado Reginio
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sukanya Thuengtung
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Ogawa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Cheng F, Dou J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wei H, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Wu Z. Urolithin A Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer Cells via P53-Mdm2-Snail Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3199-3208. [PMID: 34040386 PMCID: PMC8139733 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s305595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in tumor progression that endows cancer cells with migratory and invasive potential. Snail, a zinc finger transcriptional repressor, plays an important role in the induction of EMT by directly repressing the key epithelial marker E-cadherin. Here, we assessed the effect of urolithin A, a major metabolite from pomegranate ellagitannins, on Snail expression and EMT process. METHODS The role of Snail in urolithin A-induced EMT inhibition in lung cancer cells was explored by wound healing assay and cell invasion assay. The qRT-PCR and CHX assay were performed to investigate how urolithin A regulates Snail expression. Immunoprecipitation assays were established to determine the effects of urolithin A in mdm2-Snail interaction. In addition, the expression of p53 was manipulated to explore its effect on the expression of mdm2 and Snail. RESULTS The urolithin A dose-dependently upregulated epithelial marker and decreased mesenchymal markers in lung cancer cells. In addition, exposure to urolithin A decreased cell migratory and invasive capacity. We have further demonstrated that urolithin A inhibits lung cancer cell EMT by decreasing Snail protein expression and activity. Mechanistically, urolithin A disrupts the interaction of p53 and mdm2 which leads Snail ubiquitination and degradation. CONCLUSION We conclude that urolithin A could inhibit EMT process by controlling mainly Snail expression. These results highlighted the role of pomegranate in regulation of EMT program in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jintao Dou
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijun Wei
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhihao Wu Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China Email
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22
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Méndez-Lagunas LL, Cruz-Gracida M, Barriada-Bernal LG, Rodríguez-Méndez LI. Profile of phenolic acids, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds during blue corn tortilla processing and its bioaccessibility. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:4688-4696. [PMID: 33087979 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Varieties of blue maize are used to produce tortillas. The Bolita genotype is frequently underused, despite its rich content of bioactive compounds. The composition of derived products is influenced by maize processing. The impact of processing on the total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic acid profile (PAP), antioxidant activity (AA) and color was evaluated in tortillas produced from blue Bolita landraces. The properties were determined in anatomical fractions, nixtamal, wastewater, masa and tortillas. Vanillic, ferulic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids were identified in anatomical fractions. Nejayote had the highest AA. The compounds in the soluble fraction contributed mainly to the AA, whereas the free and bound fractions were largely responsible for the TPC. Syringic and ferulic acids were the most common compounds in the nejayote, and p-coumaric acids were the most common compounds in the masa. Only ferulic acid was detected after simulated gastric digestion, and temperature, pH and milling had an important effect on the PAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia L Méndez-Lagunas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Oaxaca, Hornos 1003, 71230 Sta. Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca Mexico
| | - Marlene Cruz-Gracida
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Oaxaca, Hornos 1003, 71230 Sta. Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca Mexico
| | - Luis G Barriada-Bernal
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Hornos 1003, 71230 Sta. Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca Mexico
| | - Lilia I Rodríguez-Méndez
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencia de los Materiales, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente, No. 2000, 76230 Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. Mexico
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Peterson CT, Pourang A, Dhaliwal S, Kohn JN, Uchitel S, Singh H, Mills PJ, Peterson SN, Sivamani RK. Modulatory Effects of Triphala and Manjistha Dietary Supplementation on Human Gut Microbiota: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:1015-1024. [PMID: 32955913 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Triphala (which contains Emblica officinalis, Terminalia bellerica, and Terminalia chebula) and manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), have received increased clinical attention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of triphala, manjistha, or placebo dietary supplementation on gut microbiota as such studies in humans are lacking. Design: This was a 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Setting: This trial was conducted at the University of California Davis, Department of Dermatology. Subjects: A total of 31 healthy human subjects were randomized to 3 groups. Interventions: The 3 groups were instructed to take 2,000 mg of either triphala, manjistha or placebo daily for 4 weeks. Outcome Measures: The impact of treatment on gut microbiota composition was evaluated following a 4-week dietary intervention by profiling fecal communities with 16S rRNA profiling in triphala (n = 9), manjistha (n = 9), or placebo (n = 11) treated subjects that completed the intervention. Results: An average of 336 phylotypes were detected in each sample (range: 161 to 648). The analysis of gut microbiota in placebo control and herb-supplemented participants indicated that responses were highly personalized, and no taxa were uniformly altered by the medicinal herb supplementation protocol. Subjects in both treatment groups displayed a trend toward decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and increased relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. Both medicinal herb treatments reduced the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, primarily reflecting changes in Alistipes spp. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with medicinal herbs altered fecal microbial communities. Despite the lack of a clear response signature, a group of bacterial taxa were identified that were more commonly altered in herb-supplemented participants compared to placebo controls. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03477825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Peterson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aunna Pourang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Simran Dhaliwal
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jordan N Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Uchitel
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harjot Singh
- Department of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Mills
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott N Peterson
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA.,College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Zen Dermatology, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Ellagic Acid-Derived Urolithins as Modulators of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5194508. [PMID: 32774676 PMCID: PMC7407063 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5194508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state of excess of prooxidative species relative to the antioxidant defenses (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) in a living organism. The consequence of this imbalance is damage of the major cellular macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and DNA), which further leads to a gradual loss of tissue and organ function. It has been shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer) and in the process of aging. Thus, many strategies to combat oxidative stress have been proposed and tested. In this context, food rich in antioxidants has received great attention. Pomegranate, berries, and walnuts have been recognized as “superfood” particularly for their cardioprotective effects. The common characteristic of these foods is the high content of ellagitannins. Since tannins are not bioavailable, they have been neglected in nutrition science and even considered antinutrients for a long time. However, this view has changed dramatically once it was recognized that ellagic acid, released from ellagitannins in the gastrointestinal system, is further metabolized by colonic microbiota to bioavailable compounds—known as urolithins. Thus, urolithins (3,4-benzocoumarin derivatives) have emerged as novel natural bioactive compounds and are now the focus of extensive investigations. So far, urolithins were shown to be powerful modulators of oxidative stress and agents with potential anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiaging properties. Furthermore, a few synthetic derivatives of urolithins were recognized as lead compounds for new drug development. Available data on urolithin synthesis, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, biological activity, and safety will be presented in this review.
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Kujawska M, Jodynis-Liebert J. Potential of the ellagic acid-derived gut microbiota metabolite - Urolithin A in gastrointestinal protection. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3170-3181. [PMID: 32684733 PMCID: PMC7336321 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i23.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is a metabolic compound generated during the biotransformation of ellagitannins by the intestinal bacteria. The physiologically relevant micromolar concentrations of UA, achieved in the plasma and gastrointestinal tract (GI) after consumption of its dietary precursors, have been revealed to offer GI protection. The health benefit has been demonstrated to be principally related to anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. UA has been shown to possess the capability to regulate multiple tumor and inflammatory signaling pathways and to modulate enzyme activity, including those involved in carcinogen biotransformation and antioxidant defense. The purpose of this review is to gather evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies showing the potential of UA in GI protection alongside suggested mechanisms by which UA can protect against cancer and inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. The data presented herein, covering both studies on the pure compound and in vivo generated UA form its natural precursor, support the potential of this metabolite in treatment interventions against GI ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60631, Poland
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26
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Olennikov DN, Chirikova NK, Vasilieva AG, Fedorov IA. LC-MS Profile, Gastrointestinal and Gut Microbiota Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Rhodiola rosea Herb Metabolites: A Comparative Study with Subterranean Organs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E526. [PMID: 32560093 PMCID: PMC7346138 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Golden root (Rhodiola rosea L., Crassulaceae) is a famous medical plant with a one-sided history of scientific interest in the roots and rhizomes as sources of bioactive compounds, unlike the herb, which has not been studied extensively. To address this deficiency, we used high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray triple quadrupole mass detection for comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of the metabolic profiles of Rhodiola rosea organs before and after gastrointestinal digestion in simulated conditions together with various biochemical assays to determine antioxidant properties of the extracts and selected compounds. R. rosea organs showed 146 compounds, including galloyl O-glucosides, catechins, procyanidins, simple phenolics, phenethyl alcohol derivatives, (hydroxy)cinnamates, hydroxynitrile glucosides, monoterpene O-glucosides, and flavonol O-glycosides, most of them for the first time in the species. The organ-specific distribution of compounds found for catechins, procyanidins, and cinnamyl alcohols and glucosides was typical for underground organs and flavonoids and galloylated glucoses concentrated in the herb. Extracts from rhizomes, leaves and flowers showed high phenolic content and were effective scavengers of free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), O2•-, •OH) and protected β-carotene in a bleaching assay. Digestion in the gastric and intestine phase influenced the composition of R. rosea extracts negatively, affecting the content of catechins, procyanidins, and galloyl glucoses, and therefore, the antioxidativity level. After gut microbiota treatment, the antioxidant capacity of rhizome extract was lower than leaves and flowers due to the aglycone composition found in the colonic phase of digestion. Our study demonstrated that the herb of R. rosea is a rich source of metabolites with high antioxidant properties and could be a valuable plant for new bioactive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil N. Olennikov
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 6 Sakh’yanovoy Street, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia
| | - Nadezhda K. Chirikova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, Yakutsk 677027, Russia; (N.K.C.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Aina G. Vasilieva
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, Yakutsk 677027, Russia; (N.K.C.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Innokentii A. Fedorov
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 41 Lenina Street, Yakutsk 677000, Russia;
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Li P, Du R, Wang Y, Hou X, Wang L, Zhao X, Zhan P, Liu X, Rong L, Cui Q. Identification of Chebulinic Acid and Chebulagic Acid as Novel Influenza Viral Neuraminidase Inhibitors. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:182. [PMID: 32256457 PMCID: PMC7093024 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics and occasional but devastating pandemics, which are of a major public health concern. Although several antiviral drugs are currently available, there is an urgent need to develop novel antiviral therapies with different mechanisms of action due to emergence of drug resistance. In this study, two related compounds, chebulagic acid (CHLA) and chebulinic acid (CHLI), were identified as novel inhibitors against IAV replication. A reporter virus-based infection assay demonstrated that CHLA and CHLI exhibit no inhibitory effect on IAV entry or RNA replication during the virus replication cycle. Results of viral release inhibition assay and neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay indicated that CHLA and CHLI exert their inhibitory effect on the NA-mediated viral release. Moreover, oseltamivir-resistance mutation NA/H274Y of NA is susceptible to CHLA or CHLI, suggesting a different mechanism of action for CHLA and CHLI. In summary, CHLA and CHLI are promising new NA inhibitors that may be further developed as novel antivirals against IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Research Center, College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuewen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Research Center, College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Rinthong PO, Mudjupa C. In vitro 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme: A reductase inhibition assay of triphala ayurvedic formulation. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_68_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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29
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Chen J, Chen Q, Xie C, Ahmad W, Jiang L, Zhao L. Effects of simulated gastric and intestinal digestion on chitooligosaccharides in two
in vitro
models. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chuanqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Waheed Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT) Shanghai 200237 China
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30
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Olennikov DN, Kashchenko NI, Chirikova NK, Vasil'eva AG, Gadimli AI, Isaev JI, Vennos C. Caffeoylquinic Acids and Flavonoids of Fringed Sagewort ( Artemisia frigida Willd.): HPLC-DAD-ESI-QQQ-MS Profile, HPLC-DAD Quantification, in Vitro Digestion Stability, and Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E307. [PMID: 31416222 PMCID: PMC6720735 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fringed sagewort (Artemisia frigida Willd., Compositae family) is a well-known medicinal plant in Asian medical systems. Fifty-nine hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids have been found in A. frigida herbs of Siberian origin by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray triple quadrupole mass detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-QQQ-MS). Their structures were determined after mass fragmentation analysis as caffeoylquinic acids, flavone O-/C-glycosides, flavones, and flavonol aglycones. Most of the discovered components were described in A. frigida for the first time. It was shown that flavonoids with different types of substitution have chemotaxonomic significance for species of Artemisia subsection Frigidae (section Absinthium). After HPLC-DAD quantification of 16 major phenolics in 21 Siberian populations of A. frigida and subsequent principal component analysis, we found substantial variation in the selected compounds, suggesting the existence of two geographical groups of A. frigida. The antioxidant activity of A. frigida herbal tea was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH•) and hydrophilic/lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays and DPPH•-HPLC profiling, revealing it to be high. The effect of digestive media on the phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of A. frigida herbal tea was assessed under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. We found a minor reduction in caffeoylquinic acid content and ORAC values, but remaining levels were satisfactory for antioxidant protection. These results suggest that A. frigida and its food derivate herbal tea could be recommended as new plant antioxidants rich in phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil N Olennikov
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 6 Sakh'yanovoy Street, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia.
| | - Nina I Kashchenko
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 6 Sakh'yanovoy Street, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia
| | - Nadezhda K Chirikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, Yakutsk 677027, Russia
| | - Aina G Vasil'eva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, Yakutsk 677027, Russia
| | - Aydan I Gadimli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Azerbaijan Medical University, Anvar Gasimzade Street 14, Baku AZ1022, Azerbaijan
| | - Javanshir I Isaev
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Azerbaijan Medical University, Anvar Gasimzade Street 14, Baku AZ1022, Azerbaijan
| | - Cecile Vennos
- Regulatory and Medical Scientific Affairs, Padma AG, 1 Underfeldstrasse, CH-8340 Hinwil, Switzerland
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32
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Serreli G, Deiana M. In vivoformed metabolites of polyphenols and their biological efficacy. Food Funct 2019; 10:6999-7021. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of polyphenols are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Being bioavailable, they may play an important role in preventing degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
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33
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Wang M, Li Y, Hu X. Chebulinic acid derived from triphala is a promising antitumour agent in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:342. [PMID: 30587184 PMCID: PMC6307174 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triphala is an Ayurvedic rasayana formulation reputed for its antitumour activities, and chebulinic acid and chebulagic acid, along with other phenolic acids, have been proposed to be responsible for its effects. METHODS In this study, the anti-proliferative activities of these agents were evaluated in colorectal carcinoma cell lines with three phenotypes exposed to several batches of triphala samples with different quantities of chebulinic acid and chebulagic acid. The pro-apoptotic and anti-migratory activities and the probable antitumour mechanisms of the more potent anti-proliferative phytochemical were also investigated. RESULTS The results demonstrated that chebulinic acid, which exerts potent anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-migratory effects, is a key molecule for maintaining the antitumour efficacy of triphala. The antitumour mechanism of chebulinic acid is probably related to the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways. CONCLUSIONS Chebulinic acid is not only a critical component of the anticancer activities of triphala but also a promising natural multi-target antitumour agent with therapeutic potential.
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Triphala Suppresses Growth and Migration of Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7046927. [PMID: 30643816 PMCID: PMC6311269 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7046927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Triphala is an extensively prescribed traditional medicinal formula with potential therapeutic effects on various malignancies such as breast, colon, pancreas, prostate, ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and lymphatic cancer as well as melanoma. This study aimed to investigate Triphala for antitumor activities against gastric cancers. Methods In vitro tumor growth and migration of human gastric cancer cells were examined using the CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. In vivo tumor progression was studied in a zebrafish xenograft model. The anticancer activity of Triphala was quantified as growth and metastasis inhibition rate. The underlying molecular mechanism was investigated by Western blotting. Results The CCK-8 and Transwell experiments indicated that Triphala significantly decreased tumor proliferation and suppressed cell migration in vitro. The zebrafish xenograft study revealed that administration of Triphala inhibited the xenograft growth and metastasis of transplanted carcinoma cells in vivo. Western blotting analysis demonstrated an inhibition of phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt, and ERK in the presence of Triphala, indicating that its antineoplastic mechanism is associated with the regulation of the EGFR/Akt/ERK signaling cascade. Conclusion Triphala is a promising antineoplastic agent for the treatment of gastric carcinomas with significant antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities.
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Ramalingam K, Amaechi BT. Antimicrobial effect of herbal extract of Acacia arabica with triphala on the biofilm forming cariogenic microorganisms. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 11:322-328. [PMID: 30389224 PMCID: PMC7527819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a biofilm-related infectious disease with a multifactorial etiology, over five billion inhabitants have affected worldwide due to this disease. Objective Antimicrobial efficacy of a mixed herbal powder extract (MHPE) against cariogenic microorganisms was investigated. Materials and methods MIC, MBC, kinetics of killing, biofilm disruption and anticaries effect of MHPE were determined. For biofilm disruption, biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces viscosus and Candida albicans were treated with MHPE for 30 min and attached cells were quantified after staining. For live/dead staining biofilm assay, S. mutans biofilm treated with MHPE for 1min, 5min and 1 h was examined with confocal laser scanning system after live/dead staining. Efficacy was experimented by structural quality using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Anticaries effect was determined by formation of caries-like lesion in continuous flow biofilm model. Results MHPE exhibited inhibition zones ranging from 12.5 to 24.0 mm. The highest inhibition zone was recorded at concentration of 50 μg/ml. MIC for S. mutans was between 12.23 and 36.7 μg/ml, while the MBC values ranged from 36.7 to 110.65 μg/ml. Inhibitory concentration of MHPE was three fold higher than CHLX. Significant reduction of cell count (49–95%) was observed with increasing time and higher concentration. Percentage biofilm reduction compare with negative control was 96.9% (A. viscosus), 94% (C. albicans), 99.8% (L. casei) and 91.7% (S. mutans). For MHPE-treated biofilm, live/dead staining demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) higher in deceased red fluorescence areas in all kinetics points from 53.6% (1min) to 85% (1h). SEM confirmed the damage in the outer layers of S. mutans. MHPE has components with effective antibacterial activity against caries-inducing microorganisms. Conclusion The anti-adherence and anti-biofilm effect as well as the faster killing activity suggests that MHPE formula has effective antibacterial activity and could be a useful source of anti-cariogenic agents in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Institute of Science and Technology, GST Road, Vandalur, Chennai, 600 048, India.
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7914, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
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Olennikov DN, Chirikova NK, Kim E, Kim SW, Zul’fugarov IS. New Glycosides of Eriodictyol from Dracocephalum palmatum. Chem Nat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-018-2499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Tsering J, Li H, Li S, Li Y, Liu Y, Hu X. An Integrated Study on the Antitumor Effect and Mechanism of Triphala Against Gynecological Cancers Based on Network Pharmacological Prediction and In Vitro Experimental Validation. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:894-901. [PMID: 29742928 PMCID: PMC6142109 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418774410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Triphala is a herbal medicine that has been widely
used for treating a variety of ailments. This study aims to systematically
analyze the antitumor effects of Triphala on gynecological cancers.
Methods. The antineoplastic activities of Triphala on
gynecological cancers were analyzed using network pharmacology-based strategies.
Afterward, the human ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3, cervical cancer cell line
HeLa, and endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1-B were selected for experimetal
valification. Results. Network pharmacology analysis suggested
that Triphala could comprehensively intervene in proliferation and apoptosis
through diverse signaling pathways, mainly including MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR,
and NF-κB/p53. The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay illustrated that Triphala
was able to inhibit cell proliferation with half inhibition concentration
(IC50) values of 98.28 ± 13.71, 95.56 ± 8.94, and 101.23 ± 7.76
µg/mL against SK-OV-3, HeLa, and HEC-1-B cells, respectively. The ELISA
experiment demonstrated that Triphala was capable of promoting programmed cell
death, with dosage correlations. The antiproliferative and proapoptotic
activities were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis using Ki67 antibody and
Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) dual staining. Western blotting revealed a
decrease in expression levels of phospho-Akt, phospho-p44/42, and phospho-NF-κB
p56 in cells administered Triphala, which indicated that the possible mechanism
could involve downregulation of MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NF-κB/p53 signaling
pathways, as was predicted. Conclusion. Triphala holds great
promise for treating gynecological cancers. Although the favorable
pharmacological properties have been preliminarily investigated in this study,
further studies are still needed to uncover the sophisticated mechanism of
Triphala in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhao
- 1 Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- 2 Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jokyab Tsering
- 3 Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Hanluo Li
- 4 University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simin Li
- 4 University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yuepeng Li
- 1 Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- 3 Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xianda Hu
- 3 Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Centre, Beijing, China
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Zhao W, Shi F, Guo Z, Zhao J, Song X, Yang H. Metabolite of ellagitannins, urolithin A induces autophagy and inhibits metastasis in human sw620 colorectal cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:193-200. [PMID: 28976622 PMCID: PMC5814919 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in which cytoplasmic contents are degraded and recycled. This study found that submicromolar concentrations of urolithin A, a major polyphenol metabolite, induced autophagy in SW620 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Exposure to urolithin A also dose‐dependently decreased cell proliferation, delayed cell migration, and decreased matrix metalloproteinas‐9 (MMP‐9) activity. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by Atg5‐siRNA, caspases by Z‐VAD‐FMK suppressed urolithin A‐stimulated cell death and anti‐metastatic effects. Micromolar urolithin A concentrations induced both autophagy and apoptosis. Urolithin A suppressed cell cycle progression and inhibited DNA synthesis. These results suggest that dietary consumption of urolithin A could induce autophagy and inhibit human CRC cell metastasis. Urolithins may thus contribute to CRC treatment and offer an alternative or adjunct chemotherapeutic agent to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqiang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of free phenolic compounds and oligosaccharides from corn ( Zea mays L.) and common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) chips during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and simulated colonic fermentation. Food Res Int 2017; 100:304-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the therapeutic uses and efficacy of Triphala. Herbal remedies are among the most ancient medicines used in traditional systems of healthcare such as Ayurveda. Triphala, a well-recognized and highly efficacious polyherbal Ayurvedic medicine consisting of fruits of the plant species Emblica officinalis (Amalaki), Terminalia bellerica (Bibhitaki), and Terminalia chebula (Haritaki), is a cornerstone of gastrointestinal and rejuvenative treatment. Methods: A search of the PubMed database was conducted. Results: In addition, numerous additional therapeutic uses described both in the Ayurvedic medical literature and anecdotally are being validated scientifically. In addition to laxative action, Triphala research has found the formula to be potentially effective for several clinical uses such as appetite stimulation, reduction of hyperacidity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antibacterial, antimutagenic, adaptogenic, hypoglycemic, antineoplastic, chemoprotective, and radioprotective effects, and prevention of dental caries. Polyphenols in Triphala modulate the human gut microbiome and thereby promote the growth of beneficial Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus while inhibiting the growth of undesirable gut microbes. The bioactivity of Triphala is elicited by gut microbiota to generate a variety of anti-inflammatory compounds. Conclusions: This review summarizes recent data on pharmacological properties and clinical effects of Triphala while highlighting areas in need of additional investigation and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tara Peterson
- 1 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health , La Jolla, CA.,2 Chopra Foundation , Department of Ayurveda and Yoga Research, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Kate Denniston
- 3 Department of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University , San Diego, CA
| | - Deepak Chopra
- 1 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health , La Jolla, CA.,2 Chopra Foundation , Department of Ayurveda and Yoga Research, Carlsbad, CA
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Lee J, Hwang IH, Jang TS, Na M. Isolation and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds inAcer tegmentosumby High Performance Liquid Chromatography. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JungIn Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyun Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX 75235 USA
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
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Xu J, Chen HB, Li SL. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of the Interplay Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1140-1185. [PMID: 28052344 DOI: 10.1002/med.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are much appreciated for their significant contribution to human survival and reproduction by remedial and prophylactic management of diseases. Defining the scientific basis of HMs will substantiate their value and promote their modernization. Ever-increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HM therapy by complicated interplay with HM components. This interplay includes such activities as: gut microbiota biotransforming HM chemicals into metabolites that harbor different bioavailability and bioactivity/toxicity from their precursors; HM chemicals improving the composition of gut microbiota, consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions; and gut microbiota mediating the interactions (synergistic and antagonistic) between the multiple chemicals in HMs. More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota-metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM-targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development. The outcomes of such research can further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota, thereby opening a new window for defining the scientific basis of HMs and for guiding HM-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China
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44
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45
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Tomás-Barberán FA, González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Núñez-Sánchez MA, Selma MV, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Urolithins, the rescue of “old” metabolites to understand a “new” concept: Metabotypes as a nexus among phenolic metabolism, microbiota dysbiosis, and host health status. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María A. Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María V. Selma
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María T. García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
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