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Bonmatí-Carrión MÁ, Rol MA. Melatonin as a Mediator of the Gut Microbiota-Host Interaction: Implications for Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:34. [PMID: 38247459 PMCID: PMC10812647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role played by melatonin on the gut microbiota has gained increasingly greater attention. Additionally, the gut microbiota has been proposed as an alternative source of melatonin, suggesting that this antioxidant indoleamine could act as a sort of messenger between the gut microbiota and the host. This review analyses the available scientific literature about possible mechanisms involved in this mediating role, highlighting its antioxidant effects and influence on this interaction. In addition, we also review the available knowledge on the effects of melatonin on gut microbiota composition, as well as its ability to alleviate dysbiosis related to sleep deprivation or chronodisruptive conditions. The melatonin-gut microbiota relationship has also been discussed in terms of its role in the development of different disorders, from inflammatory or metabolic disorders to psychiatric and neurological conditions, also considering oxidative stress and the reactive oxygen species-scavenging properties of melatonin as the main factors mediating this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Ángeles Bonmatí-Carrión
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Cheng WY, Ho YS, Chang RCC. Linking circadian rhythms to microbiome-gut-brain axis in aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101620. [PMID: 35405323 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that both disruption of circadian rhythms and gut dysbiosis are closely related to aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Over the last decade, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been an emerging field and revolutionized studies in pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disorders. Crosstalk between the brain and gut microbiota can be accomplished via the endocrine, immune, and nervous system. Recent studies have shown that the composition and diurnal oscillation of gut microbiota are influenced by host circadian rhythms. This provides a new perspective for investigating the microbiome-gut-brain axis. We aim to review current understanding and research on the dynamic interaction between circadian rhythms and the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Furthermore, we will address the possible neurodegenerative disease contribution through circadian rhythms and microbiome-gut-brain axis crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Cheng
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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3
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Richter HG, Mendez N, Halabi D, Torres-Farfan C, Spichiger C. New integrative approaches to discovery of pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by night shift work. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:269-284. [PMID: 34727788 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1994984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization to periodic cues such as food/water availability and light/dark cycles is crucial for living organisms' homeostasis. Both factors have been heavily influenced by human activity, with artificial light at night (ALAN) being an evolutionary challenge imposed over roughly the last century. Evidence from studies in humans and animal models shows that overt circadian misalignment, such as that imposed to about 20% of the workforce by night shift work (NSW), negatively impinges on the internal temporal order of endocrinology, physiology, metabolism, and behavior. Moreover, NSW is often associated to mistimed feeding, with both unnatural behaviors being known to increase the risk of chronic diseases, such as eating disorders, overweight, obesity, cardiovascular, metabolic (particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus) and gastrointestinal disorders, some types of cancer, as well as mental disease including sleep disturbances, cognitive disorders, and depression. Regarding deleterious effects of ALAN on reproduction, increased risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery and low birth weight have been reported in shift-worker women. These mounting lines of evidence prompt further efforts to advance our understanding of the effects of long-term NSW on health. Emerging data suggest that NSW with or without mistimed feeding modify gene expression and functional readouts in different tissues/organs, which seem to translate into persistent cardiometabolic and endocrine dysfunction. However, this research avenue still faces multiple challenges, such as functional characterization of new experimental models more closely resembling human long-term NSW and mistimed feeding in males versus females; studying further target organs; identifying molecular changes by means of deep multi-omics analyses; and exploring biomarkers of NSW with translational medicine potential. Using high-throughput and systems biology is a relatively new approach to study NSW, aimed to generate experiments addressing new biological factors, pathways, and mechanisms, going beyond the boundaries of the circadian clock molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans G Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Odontoestomatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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4
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Yang D, Oike H, Furuse M, Yasuo S. Effect of regular and irregular stimulation cycles of dexamethasone on circadian clock in NIH3T3 cells. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:97-105. [PMID: 34525889 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1977654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that irregular light-dark cycles cause circadian desynchronization, while few studies have addressed the effect of regular/irregular stimulation cycles of signaling hormones on the cellular clock in vitro. Here, we examined how cellular clocks respond to regular and irregular stimulation cycles of dexamethasone, using NIH3T3 cells transfected with the Bmal1 promoter-driven luciferase (Bmal1-Luc) reporter gene. Cyclic stimulation with dexamethasone at different time intervals (18-28 h, 3 times regularly) revealed that Bmal1-Luc bioluminescence rhythms can be entrained to 22 and 24 h cycles during the stimulation period, but not to other cycles. The rhythm entrained for 24 h cycles persisted for at least one day after the last stimulation. Irregular dexamethasone treatment (16, 24, and 16 h, sequentially; short-term jet lag protocol) resulted in an overall upregulation and phase shifts of the temporal expression of several clock genes and cell cycle genes, including c-Myc and p53. Regular dexamethasone stimulation three times with 24 h cycles also caused upregulation of Per1 and Per2 expression, but not c-Myc and p53 expression. In conclusion, our study identified the entrainable range of the circadian clock in NIH3T3 cells to the dexamethasone stimulation cycle and demonstrated that irregular dexamethasone treatment could disturb the expression of cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oike
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yasuo
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Cheng WY, Lam KL, Li X, Kong APS, Cheung PCK. Circadian disruption-induced metabolic syndrome in mice is ameliorated by oat β-glucan mediated by gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118216. [PMID: 34119170 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circadian disruption-induced metabolic syndrome (CDIMS) involves body weight gain, changes in blood profile and gut microbiota. In this study, CDIMS was induced by shifted light dark cycle (SLDC) in C57BL/6J mice. Dietary intervention by oral administration of oat β-glucan (a polymeric prebiotic) alleviated CDIMS when compared to chicory inulin/fructan (an oligomeric prebiotic) and melatonin (a chronobiotic). Oat β-glucan reversed the increase in body weight, liver weight-to-body weight ratio and plasma leptin concentration as well as restored glucose tolerance. In altering gut microbiota, oat β-glucan increased the species richness, reversed the populations of 7 bacterial genera and increased butyrate producers including Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae which enhance gut barrier protection and regulate glucose homeostasis. Correlation analysis demonstrated the linking of the alleviation of CDIMS by prebiotics and melatonin with different microbial metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, biosynthesis of metabolites, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins and endocrine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Cheng
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Science Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong SAR (HKSAR), China.
| | - Ka-Lung Lam
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Science Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong SAR (HKSAR), China.
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Alice Pik-Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Science Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong SAR (HKSAR), China.
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Cheng WY, Lam KL, Pik-Shan Kong A, Chi-Keung Cheung P. Prebiotic supplementation (beta-glucan and inulin) attenuates circadian misalignment induced by shifted light-dark cycle in mice by modulating circadian gene expression. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109437. [PMID: 33233118 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm governs multiple behavioural and physiological processes and its disruption is closely associated with various pathological conditions. In this study, the effects of dietary intervention by prebiotics including beta-glucan and inulin on attenuating circadian desynchrony in C57BL/6J mice subjected to weekly shifted light-dark cycle under a high fat diet was investigated. Using RT-qPCR and rhythmicity analysis, our study revealed that beta-glucan (0.2 g/day) and inulin (0.2 g/day) modulated the expression and phase of circadian-clock genes, explicitly reversed the phase delay of Period 1 and Period 3 in the hypothalamus, and reversed the phase delay of Period 2 in the liver of the mice. In the shifted mouse group, inulin also exhibited its reversal effects on the phase advance of Brain and muscle-Arnt-like 1 in the hypothalamus. These findings indicated that prebiotic supplementation can be a novel dietary approach for attenuating circadian misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Cheng
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Science Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ka-Lung Lam
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Science Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Alice Pik-Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Science Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Marti AR, Pedersen TT, Wisor JP, Mrdalj J, Holmelid Ø, Patil S, Meerlo P, Bramham CR, Grønli J. Cognitive function and brain plasticity in a rat model of shift work: role of daily rhythms, sleep and glucocorticoids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13141. [PMID: 32753733 PMCID: PMC7403587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many occupations require operations during the night-time when the internal circadian clock promotes sleep, in many cases resulting in impairments in cognitive performance and brain functioning. Here, we use a rat model to attempt to identify the biological mechanisms underlying such impaired performance. Rats were exposed to forced activity, either in their rest-phase (simulating night-shift work; rest work) or in their active-phase (simulating day-shift work; active work). Sleep, wakefulness and body temperature rhythm were monitored throughout. Following three work shifts, spatial memory performance was tested on the Morris Water Maze task. After 4 weeks washout, the work protocol was repeated, and blood and brain tissue collected. Simulated night-shift work impaired spatial memory and altered biochemical markers of cerebral cortical protein synthesis. Measures of daily rhythm strength were blunted, and sleep drive increased. Individual variation in the data suggested differences in shift work tolerance. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that type of work, changes in daily rhythmicity and changes in sleep drive predict spatial memory performance and expression of brain protein synthesis regulators. Moreover, serum corticosterone levels predicted expression of brain protein synthesis regulators. These findings open new research avenues into the biological mechanisms that underlie individual variation in shift work tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Marti
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway. .,Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torhild T Pedersen
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonathan P Wisor
- College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jelena Mrdalj
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Holmelid
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janne Grønli
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
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8
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Philip Esteban J, Dinani A. Lifestyle Interventions Beyond Diet and Exercise for Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2020; 16:119-130. [PMID: 34035711 PMCID: PMC8132696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing worldwide concern, affecting approximately 30% of the US adult population. Developing pharmacologic therapies for NAFLD is crucial, especially as there are currently no treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. However, weight loss remains the cornerstone of treatment and has been shown in controlled trials to improve hepatic steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis. Healthy diet and exercise are the most well-known and frequently recommended lifestyle modifications for patients with NAFLD. This article presents the data on other aspects of healthy lifestyle modifications for patients with this condition, focusing on light alcohol consumption, coffee, circadian misalignments, and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Philip Esteban
- Dr Esteban is an assistant professor in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Dr Dinani is an assistant professor in the Division of Liver Diseases at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, New York
| | - Amreen Dinani
- Dr Esteban is an assistant professor in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Dr Dinani is an assistant professor in the Division of Liver Diseases at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, New York
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Xing F, Fang X, Gong XD, Zhao X, Du Y, Ma ZL, Gu XP, Xia TJ. Photoacoustic treatment mitigates cognitive dysfunction in a model of sleep-wake rhythm disturbance. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1094-1101. [PMID: 31823890 PMCID: PMC7034272 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.270415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake rhythm disturbances, which are characterized by abnormal sleep timing or duration, are associated with cognitive dysfunction. Photoacoustic treatments including light and sound stimulation have been found to be effective in modulating sleep patterns and improving cognitive behavior in abnormal sleep-wake pattern experiments. In this study, we examined whether light and sound interventions could reduce sleep-wake pattern disturbances and memory deficits in a sleep rhythm disturbance model. We established a model of sleep rhythm disturbance in C57BL/6J mice via a sleep deprivation method involving manual cage tapping, cage jostling, and nest disturbance. We used a Mini Mitter radio transmitter device to monitor motor activity in the mice and fear conditioning tests to assess cognitive function. Our results indicated that an intervention in which the mice were exposed to blue light (40-Hz flickering frequency) for 1 hour during their subjective daytime significantly improved the 24-hour-acrophase shift and reduced the degree of memory deficit induced by sleep deprivation. However, interventions in which the mice were exposed to a 40-Hz blue light at offset time or subjective night time points, as well as 2 Hz-blue light at 3 intervention time points (subjective day time, subjective night time, and offset time points), had no positive effects on circadian rhythm shift or memory deficits. Additionally, a 2000-Hz sound intervention during subjective day time attenuated the 24-hour-acrophase shift and memory decline, while 440-Hz and 4000-Hz sounds had no effect on circadian rhythms. Overall, these results demonstrate that photoacoustic treatment effectively corrected abnormal sleep-wake patterns and cognitive dysfunction associated with sleep-deprivation-induced disturbances in sleep-wake rhythm. All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Nanjing University, China (approval No. 20171102) on November 20, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Dan Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Liang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Oliveira T, Marinho V, Carvalho V, Magalhães F, Rocha K, Ayres C, Teixeira S, Nunes M, Bastos VH, Pinto GR. Genetic polymorphisms associated with circadian rhythm dysregulation provide new perspectives on bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:515-522. [PMID: 29441659 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to present a broad view of how genetic polymorphisms in genes that control the rhythmicity and function of circadian rhythm may influence the etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS A bibliographic search was performed to identify and select papers reporting studies on variations in circadian genes and BD. A search of Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science was carried out to review the literature. RESULTS Several studies provide evidence of contributions of variations in circadian genes to disease etiology, pathophysiological variations and lithium drug response. Dysfunction of the sleep-wake cycle, an important brain function regulator, is indicated as the primary means by which circadian gene variations act in mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS Investigations of the effects of circadian genes have suggested that the chronotype offers hope for guiding and improving management of patients with BD. However, BD is a disease of a complex nature and presents multiple endophenotypes determined by different associations between genetics and the environment. Thus, new genomic studies to delimit variations that may help improve the clinical condition of these patients are extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomaz Oliveira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Victor Marinho
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Valécia Carvalho
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Kaline Rocha
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Carla Ayres
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Monara Nunes
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Giovanny R Pinto
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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11
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Rempe MJ, Grønli J, Pedersen TT, Mrdalj J, Marti A, Meerlo P, Wisor JP. Mathematical modeling of sleep state dynamics in a rodent model of shift work. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2018; 5:37-51. [PMID: 31236510 PMCID: PMC6584688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are required to work when their physiology is tuned for sleep. By forcing wakefulness out of the body’s normal schedule, shift workers face numerous adverse health consequences, including gastrointestinal problems, sleep problems, and higher rates of some diseases, including cancers. Recent studies have developed protocols to simulate shift work in rodents with the intention of assessing the effects of night-shift work on subsequent sleep (Grønli et al., 2017). These studies have already provided important contributions to the understanding of the metabolic consequences of shift work (Arble et al., 2015; Marti et al., 2016; Opperhuizen et al., 2015) and sleep-wake-specific impacts of night-shift work (Grønli et al., 2017). However, our understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying night-shift-related sleep disturbances is limited. In order to advance toward a mechanistic understanding of sleep disruption in shift work, we model these data with two different approaches. First we apply a simple homeostatic model to quantify differences in the rates at which sleep need, as measured by slow wave activity during slow wave sleep (SWS) rises and falls. Second, we develop a simple and novel mathematical model of rodent sleep and use it to investigate the timing of sleep in a simulated shift work protocol (Grønli et al., 2017). This mathematical framework includes the circadian and homeostatic processes of the two-process model, but additionally incorporates a stochastic process to model the polyphasic nature of rodent sleep. By changing only the time at which the rodents are forced to be awake, the model reproduces some key experimental results from the previous study, including correct proportions of time spent in each stage of sleep as a function of circadian time and the differences in total wake time and SWS bout durations in the rodents representing night-shift workers and those representing day-shift workers. Importantly, the model allows for deeper insight into circadian and homeostatic influences on sleep timing, as it demonstrates that the differences in SWS bout duration between rodents in the two shifts is largely a circadian effect. Our study shows the importance of mathematical modeling in uncovering mechanisms behind shift work sleep disturbances and it begins to lay a foundation for future mathematical modeling of sleep in rodents. Millions of people worldwide are required to work when their physiology is tuned for sleep. Enforcing wakefulness during this time leads to numerous adverse health consequences including sleep problems and higher rates of some diseases. Rodent models of shift work have illuminated some of the effects of night shift work on subsequent sleep. This study uses mathematical modeling to accurately simulate rodent sleep during baseline and shift work conditions. A simple mathematical framework can help us understand possible mechanisms underlying the sleep disturbances seen in shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rempe
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Janne Grønli
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torhild Thue Pedersen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jelena Mrdalj
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea Marti
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan P Wisor
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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12
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Shift-work: is time of eating determining metabolic health? Evidence from animal models. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 77:199-215. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665117004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian disruption in shift-workers is suggested to be a risk factor to develop overweight and metabolic dysfunction. The conflicting time signals given by shifted activity, shifted food intake and exposure to light at night occurring in the shift-worker are proposed to be the cause for the loss of internal synchrony and the consequent adverse effects on body weight and metabolism. Because food elicited signals have proven to be potent entraining signals for peripheral oscillations, here we review the findings from experimental models of shift-work and verify whether they provide evidence about the causal association between shifted feeding schedules, circadian disruption and altered metabolism. We found mainly four experimental models that mimic the conditions of shift-work: protocols of forced sleep deprivation, of forced activity during the normal rest phase, exposure to light at night and shifted food timing. A big variability in the intensity and duration of the protocols was observed, which led to a diversity of effects. A common result was the disruption of temporal patterns of activity; however, not all studies explored the temporal patterns of food intake. According to studies that evaluate time of food intake as an experimental model of shift-work and studies that evaluate shifted food consumption, time of food intake may be a determining factor for the loss of balance at the circadian and metabolic level.
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13
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Plano SA, Casiraghi LP, García Moro P, Paladino N, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ. Circadian and Metabolic Effects of Light: Implications in Weight Homeostasis and Health. Front Neurol 2017; 8:558. [PMID: 29097992 PMCID: PMC5653694 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily interactions between the hypothalamic circadian clock at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral circadian oscillators regulate physiology and metabolism to set temporal variations in homeostatic regulation. Phase coherence of these circadian oscillators is achieved by the entrainment of the SCN to the environmental 24-h light:dark (LD) cycle, coupled through downstream neural, neuroendocrine, and autonomic outputs. The SCN coordinate activity and feeding rhythms, thus setting the timing of food intake, energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and active and basal metabolism. In this work, we will discuss evidences exploring the impact of different photic entrainment conditions on energy metabolism. The steady-state interaction between the LD cycle and the SCN is essential for health and wellbeing, as its chronic misalignment disrupts the circadian organization at different levels. For instance, in nocturnal rodents, non-24 h protocols (i.e., LD cycles of different durations, or chronic jet-lag simulations) might generate forced desynchronization of oscillators from the behavioral to the metabolic level. Even seemingly subtle photic manipulations, as the exposure to a “dim light” scotophase, might lead to similar alterations. The daily amount of light integrated by the clock (i.e., the photophase duration) strongly regulates energy metabolism in photoperiodic species. Removing LD cycles under either constant light or darkness, which are routine protocols in chronobiology, can also affect metabolism, and the same happens with disrupted LD cycles (like shiftwork of jetlag) and artificial light at night in humans. A profound knowledge of the photic and metabolic inputs to the clock, as well as its endocrine and autonomic outputs to peripheral oscillators driving energy metabolism, will help us to understand and alleviate circadian health alterations including cardiometabolic diseases, diabetes, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A Plano
- Chronophysiology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED - CONICET), School of Medical Sciences, Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro P Casiraghi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula García Moro
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paladino
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Marti AR, Patil S, Mrdalj J, Meerlo P, Skrede S, Pallesen S, Pedersen TT, Bramham CR, Grønli J. No Escaping the Rat Race: Simulated Night Shift Work Alters the Time-of-Day Variation in BMAL1 Translational Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:70. [PMID: 29085284 PMCID: PMC5649179 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide work during the night, resulting in disturbed circadian rhythms and sleep loss. This may cause deficits in cognitive functions, impaired alertness and increased risk of errors and accidents. Disturbed circadian rhythmicity resulting from night shift work could impair brain function and cognition through disrupted synthesis of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal function. Recently, the circadian transcription factor brain-and-muscle arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1) has been identified as a promoter of mRNA translation initiation, the most highly regulated step in protein synthesis, through binding to the mRNA “cap”. In this study we investigated the effects of simulated shift work on protein synthesis markers. Male rats (n = 40) were exposed to forced activity, either in their rest phase (simulated night shift work) or in their active phase (simulated day shift work) for 3 days. Following the third work shift, experimental animals and time-matched undisturbed controls were euthanized (rest work at ZT12; active work at ZT0). Tissue lysates from two brain regions (prefrontal cortex, PFC and hippocampus) implicated in cognition and sleep loss, were analyzed with m7GTP (cap) pull-down to examine time-of-day variation and effects of simulated shift work on cap-bound protein translation. The results show time-of-day variation of protein synthesis markers in PFC, with increased protein synthesis at ZT12. In the hippocampus there was little difference between ZT0 and ZT12. Active phase work did not induce statistically significant changes in protein synthesis markers at ZT0 compared to time-matched undisturbed controls. Rest work, however, resulted in distinct brain-region specific changes of protein synthesis markers compared to time-matched controls at ZT12. While no changes were observed in the hippocampus, phosphorylation of cap-bound BMAL1 and its regulator S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) was significantly reduced in the PFC, together with significant reduction in the synaptic plasticity associated protein activity-regulatedcytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Our results indicate considerable time-of-day and brain-region specific variation in cap-dependent translation initiation. We concludethat simulated night shift work in rats disrupts the pathways regulating the circadian component of the translation of mRNA in the PFC, and that this may partly explain impaired waking function during night shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Marti
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jelena Mrdalj
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Silje Skrede
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torhild T Pedersen
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janne Grønli
- Bergen Stress and Sleep Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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