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Gharsan FN, Alghamdi SQ. First report of the morphological and molecular characterization of Pseudolynchia canariensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 49:100999. [PMID: 38462303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to study the morphological and molecular characterization of (Pseudolynchia canariensis; Macquart, 1839)in the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia. Ninety-four pigeons were obtained from traditional pigeon breeding farms of the Al-Baha region, and fly samples were collected. Taxonomic keys were used to define the morphology of flies, whereas molecular characteristics were identified based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. The rate of Pseudolynchia canariensis infestation in the examined pigeons was 44.5%. The genetic sequences of the fly samples were deposited in GenBank (accession number OQ073507). The match rate between the fly samples from the present study and those previously recorded in GenBank (accession numbers: EF531220, OM073981, and MW853922) displayed 99.66%. This study demonstrates that Pseudolynchia canariensis is common in the Al-Baha region; thus, further studies are required to detect other species from the same genus and their geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatehia N Gharsan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samia Q Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
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Sarkar VK, De UK, Saxena H, Mehra S, Pateer DP, Solanki P, Prajapati SK. Therapeutic management of pseudomalaria in a flock of pigeons with chloroquine. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:1-4. [PMID: 38440760 PMCID: PMC10908884 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Two Indian rock pigeons aged 2-3 months presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Utter Pradesh with a history of decreased feed intake, twisting of the neck, and inability to fly. The same symptoms also caused the deaths of two other birds from the same flock. The bird seemed dull and depressed during a clinical examination, had ruffled feathers, a tilted head and circling. Examination of a faecal sample showed no intestinal parasites. Upon observation of a blood smear, many intracytoplasmic characteristic halter-shaped Hemoproteus columbae gametocytes could be detected. The case was diagnosed as pigeon pseudomalaria. The treatment was initiated with chloroquine@10 mg/kg body weight in drinking water for 5 days along with the multivitamin supplementation for one week. Permethrin spray was applied externally to the whole flock in the house to get rid of the fly vector. The clinical state of the birds was evaluated one week after initiation of the therapy. The pigeon had an uneventful recovery and the blood smear examination revealed no haemoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar Sarkar
- Division of Medicine, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Ujjwal Kumar De
- Division of Medicine, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Harshit Saxena
- Division of Medicine, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Shivansh Mehra
- Division of Surgery, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Devendra Prasad Pateer
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Pooja Solanki
- Division of Medicine, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Prajapati
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
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Prompiram P, Mongkolphan C, Poltep K, Chunchob S, Sontigun N, Chareonviriyaphap T. Baseline study of the morphological and genetic characteristics of Haemoproteus parasites in wild pigeons ( Columba livia) from paddy fields in Thailand. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 21:153-159. [PMID: 37228837 PMCID: PMC10205435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Haemoproteus columbae is a common haemosporidian parasite of wild pigeons (Columba livia) reported worldwide. In Thailand, the wild pigeon population is increasing due to paddy field monoculture. However, there are limited reports on the presence of H. columbae in these pigeon populations. The aim of the study was to characterize H. columbae in wild pigeons. A total of 87 wild pigeons were examined using microscopic and molecular methods. Haemoproteus columbae was detected in approximately 27.6% of pigeons and their morphological characteristics were described. The partial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequence of H. columbae was then characterized into three common lineages (HAECOL1, COLIV03, and COQUI05). By highlighting the morphologic and genetic characteristics of H. columbae commonly found in this population of pigeons, this study provides essential regional knowledge about haemosporidian parasites that could benefit future taxonomic and phylogeographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phirom Prompiram
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Chalisa Mongkolphan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanaporn Poltep
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Supatra Chunchob
- Mahidol University, Division of Conservation Biology, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi, 71150, Thailand
| | - Narin Sontigun
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
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Duc M, Himmel T, Harl J, Iezhova T, Nedorost N, Matt J, Ilgūnas M, Weissenböck H, Valkiūnas G. Comparative Analysis of the Exo-Erythrocytic Development of Five Lineages of Haemoproteus majoris, a Common Haemosporidian Parasite of European Passeriform Birds. Pathogens 2023; 12:898. [PMID: 37513745 PMCID: PMC10386383 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemoproteus parasites (Apicomplexa, Haemosporida) are widespread pathogens of birds, with a rich genetic (about 1900 lineages) and morphospecies (178 species) diversity. Nonetheless, their life cycles are poorly understood. The exo-erythrocytic stages of three Haemoproteus majoris (widespread generalist parasite) lineages have been previously reported, each in a different bird species. We aimed to further study and compare the development of five H. majoris lineages-hCCF5, hCWT4, hPARUS1, hPHSIB1, and hWW2-in a wider selection of natural avian hosts. A total of 42 individuals belonging to 14 bird species were sampled. Morphospecies and parasitemia were determined by microscopy of blood films, lineages by DNA-barcoding a 478 bp section of the cytochrome b gene, and exo-erythrocytic stages by histology and chromogenic in situ hybridization. The lineage hCWT4 was morphologically characterized as H. majoris for the first time. All lineage infections exclusively featured megalomeronts. The exo-erythrocytic stages found in all examined bird species were similar, particularly for the lineages hCCF5, hPARUS1, and hPHSIB1. Megalomeronts of the lineages hWW2 and hCWT4 were more similar to each other than to the former three lineages. The kidneys and gizzard were most often affected, followed by lungs and intestines; the site of development showed variation depending on the lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Duc
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.I.); (M.I.); (G.V.)
| | - Tanja Himmel
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (T.H.); (J.H.); (N.N.); (J.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Josef Harl
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (T.H.); (J.H.); (N.N.); (J.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Tatjana Iezhova
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.I.); (M.I.); (G.V.)
| | - Nora Nedorost
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (T.H.); (J.H.); (N.N.); (J.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Julia Matt
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (T.H.); (J.H.); (N.N.); (J.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Mikas Ilgūnas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.I.); (M.I.); (G.V.)
| | - Herbert Weissenböck
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (T.H.); (J.H.); (N.N.); (J.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Gediminas Valkiūnas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.I.); (M.I.); (G.V.)
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A novel one-step multiplex PCR protocol to detect avian haemosporidian parasites in the subgenus Haemoproteus (Kruse, 1890) used to quantify parasite prevalence in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Turkey. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:511-521. [PMID: 35739341 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infections of avian haemosporidian parasites are regularly identified by molecular methods including multiplex PCR, which allows researchers to distinguish mixed infections of parasites from multiple genera. Here we extend the utility of a previously designed multiplex PCR by designing a primer set specific to parasites of the subgenus Haemoproteus (genus: Haemoproteus). The updated one-step multiplex PCR protocol we describe here allows for the detection of the genera Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon and the two subgenera (Haemoproteus and Parahaemoproteus) of the genus Haemoproteus. A sensitivity analysis showed that the multiplex PCR could amplify DNA of parasites in the subgenus Haemoproteus at very low levels of infection. We used this multiplex PCR to identify haemosporidian infections in 250 adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Turkey. All samples were also screened by microscopy and a widely used nested PCR to compare with the results of multiplex PCR, to detect low levels of parasitemia, and to identify possible abortive infections. In total, 71 pigeons (28.4%) were found to be infected by all three methods. The multiplex PCR protocol successfully detected and discriminated both subgenera Haemoproteus and Parahaemoproteus infections. We compared our results with previous host species records to assess the host specificity of the parasite lineages we found. Our findings provide novel data on the prevalence of avian haemosporidians in domestic pigeons and demonstrate the utility of the new one-step multiplex PCR protocol for the determination of mixed avian haemosporidian infections. We expect that this protocol will contribute to a better understanding of the distribution, epizootiology, and ecology of avian haemosporidians.
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Yumoto F, Tokiwa T, Chou S, Ueda M. Haemoproteus columbae infection in a straggler racing pigeon sheltered in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1760-1763. [PMID: 34556607 PMCID: PMC8636887 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A racing pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica), a straggler from Taiwan, was sheltered in Nara Prefecture, Japan in 2020. This pigeon showed hemolysis and
elevated levels of hepatobiliary and muscle enzymes. Gametocytes of Haemoproteus columbae (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) were observed within the host erythrocytes in thin
blood smears. A partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene amplified from blood DNA was identical to the lineage HAECOL1 previously reported from pigeons
worldwide. This is the first record of H. columbae infection in a sheltered bird in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyumi Yumoto
- Takatsuki Bird Clinic, Kitazonomachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-0802, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tokiwa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Shyun Chou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Michihiro Ueda
- Takatsuki Bird Clinic, Kitazonomachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-0802, Japan
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