1
|
Ndiour CN, Senghor B, Thiam O, Niang S, Wotodjo AN, Faye BT, Ndiaye NA, Sow O, Sylla K, Ndiaye M, Gaye O, Faye B, Sokhna C, Doucouré S, Sow D. Prevalence and associated factors of schistosomiasis among pregnant women in northern Senegal. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:682. [PMID: 38982383 PMCID: PMC11232235 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern worldwide. It is responsible for more than 240 million cases in 78 countries, 40 million of whom are women of childbearing age. In the Senegal River basin, both Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni are very prevalent in school-age children. However, there is a lack of information on the burden of schistosomiasis in pregnant women, which can cause complications in the pregnancy outcome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of schistosomiasis in pregnant women. METHODS We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the health center of the Senegalese Sugar Company and at the hospital of Richard Toll between August and December 2021. The urine and stool samples collected were examined using microscopy techniques and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect the presence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni. The urines were previously tested using urine reagent strips to detect hematuria and proteinuria. Socio-demographical, clinical, and diagnostically data were recorded by the midwife and the gynaecologist. The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Among the 298 women examined for the infection by microscopic, 65 (21.81%) were infected with urogenital schistosomiasis, 10 (3.36%) with intestinal schistosomiasis, and 4 (1.34%) were co-infected with both types of schistosomiasis. Out of the 288 samples tested by qPCR, 146 (48.99%) were positive for S. haematobium, 49 (35.51%) for S. mansoni and 22 (15.94%) for both species (co-infection). Pregnant women having microscopic haematuria and proteinuria were significantly more infected (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study has revealed a high prevalence of schistosomiasis in pregnant women in Senegal. The qPCR allowed us to detect more cases compared to the microscopy. There is a need to conduct more studies to understand the real burden of the disease and to set up a surveillance system to prevent pregnancy-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coumba Nar Ndiour
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, de Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Bruno Senghor
- EMR MINES: Maladies Infectieuses, Négligées et Émergentes au Sud, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Campus International Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université-Cheikh Anta Diop of Hann, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ousmane Thiam
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, de Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Souleymane Niang
- Centre de Santé, Compagnie Sucrière Sénégalaise, Richard Toll, Richard Toll, Senegal
| | - Amélé Nyedzie Wotodjo
- EMR MINES: Maladies Infectieuses, Négligées et Émergentes au Sud, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Campus International Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université-Cheikh Anta Diop of Hann, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Babacar Thiendella Faye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, de Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Ndeye Amy Ndiaye
- Direction de la Santé de la Mère et de l'Enfant, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Omar Sow
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, de Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Khadime Sylla
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, FMPO, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Magatte Ndiaye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, FMPO, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Gaye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, FMPO, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Faye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, FMPO, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- EMR MINES: Maladies Infectieuses, Négligées et Émergentes au Sud, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Campus International Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université-Cheikh Anta Diop of Hann, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Souleymane Doucouré
- EMR MINES: Maladies Infectieuses, Négligées et Émergentes au Sud, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Campus International Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université-Cheikh Anta Diop of Hann, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Doudou Sow
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, de Saint-Louis, Senegal.
- EMR MINES: Maladies Infectieuses, Négligées et Émergentes au Sud, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Campus International Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université-Cheikh Anta Diop of Hann, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rakotozandrindrainy R, Rakotoarivelo RA, Kislaya I, Marchese V, Rasamoelina T, Solonirina J, Ratiaharison EF, Razafindrakoto R, Razafindralava NM, Rakotozandrindrainy N, Radomanana M, Andrianarivelo MR, Klein P, Lorenz E, Jaeger A, Hoekstra PT, Corstjens PLAM, Schwarz NG, van Dam GJ, May J, Fusco D. Schistosome infection among pregnant women in the rural highlands of Madagascar: A cross-sectional study calling for public health interventions in vulnerable populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011766. [PMID: 38626192 PMCID: PMC11051649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with Madagascar being among the countries with highest burden of the disease worldwide. Despite WHO recommendations, suggesting treatment of pregnant women after the first trimester, this group is still excluded from Mass Drug Administration programs. Our study, had the objective to measure the prevalence of schistosome infection among pregnant women in Madagascar in order to inform public health policies for treatment in this vulnerable population. METHODS Women were recruited for this cross-sectional study between April 2019 and February 2020 when attending Antenatal Care Services (ANCs) at one of 42 included Primary Health Care Centers. The urine-based upconverting reporter particle, lateral flow (UCP-LF) test detecting circulating anodic antigen was used for the detection of schistosome infections. To identify factors associated with the prevalence of schistosome infection crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% CIs were estimated using mixed-effect Poisson regression. RESULTS Among 4,448 participating women aged between 16 and 47 years, the majority (70.4%, 38 n = 3,133) resided in rural settings. Overall, the prevalence of schistosome infection was 55.9% (n = 2486, CI 95%: 53.3-58.5). A statistically significant association was found with age group (increased prevalence in 31-47 years old, compared to 16-20 years old (aPR = 1.15, CI 95%: 1.02-1.29) and with uptake of antimalaria preventive treatment (decreased prevalence, aPR = 0.85, CI 95%: 0.77-0.95). No other associations of any personal characteristics or contextual factors with schistosome infection were found in our multivariate regression analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The high prevalence of schistosome infection in pregnant women supports the consideration of preventive schistosomiasis treatment in ANCs of the Malagasy highlands. We strongly advocate for adapting schistosomiasis programs in highly endemic contexts. This, would contribute to both the WHO and SDGs agendas overall to improving the well-being of women and consequently breaking the vicious cycle of poverty perpetuated by schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina Kislaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | - Valentina Marchese
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mickael Radomanana
- Infectious diseases service, University Hospital Tambohobe, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar
| | | | - Philipp Klein
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | - Eva Lorenz
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Georg Schwarz
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen May
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | - Daniela Fusco
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Magalhães FDC, Moreira JMP, de Rezende MC, Favero V, Graeff-Teixeira C, Coelho PMZ, Carneiro M, Geiger SM, Negrão-Corrêa D. Evaluation of isotype-based serology for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection in individuals living in endemic areas with low parasite burden. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107017. [PMID: 37774894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal schistosomiasis is a chronic and debilitating disease that affects public health systems worldwide. Control interventions to reduce morbidity primarily involve the diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals. However, the recommended Kato-Katz (KK) parasitological method shows low sensitivity in individuals with low parasite loads and is not useful for monitoring elimination of parasite transmission at later stages. In the current study, we evaluated the accuracy of serum reactivity levels of different immunoglobulin isotypes in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), utilizing Schistosoma mansoni crude extracts, with the aim to improve the diagnosis of infected individuals with low parasite loads. The serum reactivity of IgM and IgG subclass antibodies (IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4) against soluble adult worm and egg antigen preparations was evaluated in residents from a schistosomiasis-endemic area in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The parasitological status of the study population was determined through fecal examination with multiple parasitological tests to create a consolidated reference standard (CRS) plus a fecal DNA detection test (q-PCR). Twelve months after praziquantel treatment, a second serum sample was obtained from the population for reexamination. A two-graph receiver operating characteristic curve (TG-ROC) analysis was performed using the serum reactivity of non-infected endemic controls and egg-positive individuals, and the cut-off value was established based on the intersection point of the sensibility and specificity curves in TG-ROC analyses. The diagnostic accuracy of each serological test was evaluated in relation to the parasitological CRS and to the combination of CRS plus qPCR results. The data revealed that serum reactivity of IgM and IgG3 against S. mansoni antigens did not allow identification of infected individuals from the endemic area. In contrast, serum IgG1 and IgG4-reactivity against schistosome antigens could distinguish between infected and non-infected individuals, with AUC values ranging between 0.728-0.925. The reactivity of IgG4 anti-soluble egg antigen - SEA (sensitivity 79 %, specificity 69 %, kappa = 0.49) had the best diagnostic accuracy, showing positive reactivity in more than 75 % of the infected individuals who eliminated less than 12 eggs per gram of feces. Moreover, serum IgG4 reactivity against SEA and against soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) was significantly reduced in the serum of infected individuals after 12 months of confirmed parasitological cure and in the absence of re-infection. These results reinforce that the described IgG4 anti-SEA ELISA assay is a sensitive alternative for the diagnosis of active intestinal schistosomiasis in individuals from endemic areas, including in those with a very low parasite load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda do Carmo Magalhães
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo Peixoto Moreira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Michelle Carvalho de Rezende
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vivian Favero
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Carneiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stefan Michael Geiger
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Deborah Negrão-Corrêa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gruninger SK, Rasamoelina T, Rakotoarivelo RA, Razafindrakoto AR, Rasolojaona ZT, Rakotozafy RM, Soloniaina PR, Rakotozandrindrainy N, Rausche P, Doumbia CO, Jaeger A, Zerbo A, von Thien H, Klein P, van Dam G, Tannich E, Schwarz NG, Lorenz E, May J, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Fusco D. Prevalence and risk distribution of schistosomiasis among adults in Madagascar: a cross-sectional study. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:44. [PMID: 37098581 PMCID: PMC10127445 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal to eliminate the parasitic disease of poverty schistosomiasis as a public health problem is aligned with the 2030 United Nations agenda for sustainable development goals, including universal health coverage (UHC). Current control strategies focus on school-aged children, systematically neglecting adults. We aimed at providing evidence for the need of shifting the paradigm of schistosomiasis control programs from targeted to generalized approaches as key element for both the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem and the promotion of UHC. METHODS In a cross-sectional study performed between March 2020 and January 2021 at three primary health care centers in Andina, Tsiroanomandidy and Ankazomborona in Madagascar, we determined prevalence and risk factors for schistosomiasis by a semi-quantitative PCR assay from specimens collected from 1482 adult participants. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to evaluate odd ratios. RESULTS The highest prevalence of S. mansoni, S. haematobium and co-infection of both species was 59.5%, 61.3% and 3.3%, in Andina and Ankazomborona respectively. Higher prevalence was observed among males (52.4%) and main contributors to the family income (68.1%). Not working as a farmer and higher age were found to be protective factors for infection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that adults are a high-risk group for schistosomiasis. Our data suggests that, for ensuring basic health as a human right, current public health strategies for schistosomiasis prevention and control need to be re-addressed towards more context specific, holistic and integrated approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Katharina Gruninger
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | | | - Rivo Andry Rakotoarivelo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Fianarantsoa Andrainjato, 301, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Rodson Morin Rakotozafy
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Antananarivo, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Njary Rakotozandrindrainy
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Antananarivo, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Pia Rausche
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | - Cheick Oumar Doumbia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
- University Clinical Research Centre (UCRC), University of Sciences Technics and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | - Alexandre Zerbo
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | - Heidrun von Thien
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Klein
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | - Govert van Dam
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Tannich
- National Reference Centre for Tropical Pathogens (NRC), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Georg Schwarz
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
| | - Eva Lorenz
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen May
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Fusco
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weinreich F, Weinreich F, Hahn A, Hagen RM, Rohde H, Sarfo FS, Feldt T, Dompreh A, Asibey SO, Boateng R, Frickmann H, Eberhardt KA. Screening for Schistosoma spp. and Leishmania spp. DNA in Serum of Ghanaian Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070760. [PMID: 35890001 PMCID: PMC9323644 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Schistosoma spp. (species) and Leishmania spp. are prevalent in Ghana in West Africa. However, little is known about their local occurrence in immunocompromised individuals. In the study presented here, the real-time PCR-(polymerase chain reaction-)based screening for repetitive DNA (deoxyribonucleotide acid) sequences from the genomes of Leishmania (L.) spp. and Schistosoma (S.) spp. was performed in the serum of HIV-(human immunodeficiency virus-)infected Ghanaian patients. In 1083 assessed serum samples from HIV-positive and HIV-negative Ghanian patients, Leishmania spp.-specific DNA was not detected, while the diagnostic accuracy-adjusted prevalence estimation suggested a 3.6% prevalence of the S. mansoni complex and a 0.5% prevalence of the S. haematobium complex. Associations of schistosomiasis with younger age, as well as with the male sex, could be shown but not with an HIV status. Weakly significant signals for the associations of schistosomiasis with an increased viral load, reduced CD4+ (CD = cluster of differentiation) T cell count, and a reduced CD4+/CD8+ ratio could be observed but was inconsistently lost in the case of the stratification on the species complex level. So, it is concluded that factors other than HIV status are more likely to have influenced the occurrence of Schistosoma spp. infections in the assessed Ghanaian patients. Potential associations between HIV infection-associated factors, such as the viral load and the immune status of the patients, for which weak signals were observed in this hypothesis-forming retrospective assessment, should be confirmed by prospective, sufficiently powered investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Weinreich
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (F.W.); (F.W.); (H.F.)
| | - Felix Weinreich
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (F.W.); (F.W.); (H.F.)
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Ralf Matthias Hagen
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, 56070 Koblenz, Germany;
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
- Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Albert Dompreh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (A.D.); (R.B.)
| | | | - Richard Boateng
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (A.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (F.W.); (F.W.); (H.F.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hygiene and Environment, 20539 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-42818-0
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deka MA. Predictive Risk Mapping of Schistosomiasis in Madagascar Using Ecological Niche Modeling and Precision Mapping. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:15. [PMID: 35202211 PMCID: PMC8876685 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) found throughout tropical and subtropical Africa. In Madagascar, the condition is widespread and endemic in 74% of all administrative districts in the country. Despite the significant burden of the disease, high-resolution risk maps have yet to be produced to guide national control programs. This study used an ecological niche modeling (ENM) and precision mapping approach to estimate environmental suitability and disease transmission risk. The results show that suitability for schistosomiasis is widespread and covers 264,781 km2 (102,232 sq miles). Covariates of significance to the model were the accessibility to cities, distance to water, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), annual mean temperature, land surface temperature (LST), clay content, and annual precipitation. Disease transmission risk is greatest in the central highlands, tropical east coast, arid-southwest, and northwest. An estimated 14.9 million people could be at risk of schistosomiasis; 11.4 million reside in rural areas, while 3.5 million are in urban areas. This study provides valuable insight into the geography of schistosomiasis in Madagascar and its potential risk to human populations. Because of the focal nature of the disease, these maps can inform national surveillance programs while improving understanding of areas in need of medical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Deka
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Frickmann H, Loderstädt U, Nickel B, Poppert S, Odermatt P, Sayasone S, Van Esbroeck M, Micalessi I, Cnops L, Adisakwattana P, Leboulle G, Landt O, Thye T, Tannich E. Low Sensitivity of Real Time PCRs Targeting Retrotransposon Sequences for the Detection of Schistosoma japonicum Complex DNA in Human Serum. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081067. [PMID: 34451531 PMCID: PMC8398367 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While hybridization probe-based real-time PCR assays targeting highly repetitive multi-copy genome sequences for the diagnosis of S. mansoni complex or S. haematobium complex from human serum are well established, reports on the evaluation of respective assays for the identification of S. japonicum complex DNA in human serum are scarce. Here, we assessed the potential use of the retrotransposon sequences SjR2 and SjCHGCS19 from S. japonicum, S. mekongi and S. malayensis for the diagnosis of Asian Schistosoma infections. Based on available S. japonicum sequences and newly provided S. mekongi and S. malayensis sequences, hybridization probe-based real-time PCRs targeting SjR2 and SjCHGCS19 of the S. japonicum complex were designed both as consensus primer assays as well as multi-primer assays for the coverage of multiple variants of the target sequences. The assays were established using plasmids and S. mekongi DNA. While the consensus primer assays failed to detect S. mekongi DNA in human serum samples, the multi-primer assays showed positive or borderline positive results but only in 9.8% (6/61) of serum samples from patients with confirmed S. mekongi infections. Some cross-reactions with samples positive for S. mansoni or S. haematobium were observed but with the SjCHGCS19-PCR only. In spite of the low sensitivity, the presented experience may guide future evaluations of S. japonicum-complex-specific PCRs from human serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (E.T.); Tel.: +49-40-6947-28743 (H.F.); +49-40-42828-260 (E.T.)
| | - Ulrike Loderstädt
- Department of Hospital Hygiene & Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Beatrice Nickel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; (B.N.); (S.P.); (P.O.)
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Poppert
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; (B.N.); (S.P.); (P.O.)
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; (B.N.); (S.P.); (P.O.)
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Somphou Sayasone
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Vientiane Capital 01000, Laos;
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.V.E.); (I.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Isabel Micalessi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.V.E.); (I.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Lieselotte Cnops
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.V.E.); (I.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | | | - Olfert Landt
- TIB MOLBIOL, 12103 Berlin, Germany; (G.L.); (O.L.)
| | - Thorsten Thye
- Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Egbert Tannich
- National Reference Centre for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (E.T.); Tel.: +49-40-6947-28743 (H.F.); +49-40-42828-260 (E.T.)
| |
Collapse
|