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Gallegos-Cedillo VM, Nájera C, Signore A, Ochoa J, Gallegos J, Egea-Gilabert C, Gruda NS, Fernández JA. Analysis of global research on vegetable seedlings and transplants and their impacts on product quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4950-4965. [PMID: 38294182 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has established that using high-quality planting material during the early phase of vegetable production significantly impacts success and efficiency, leading to improved crop performance, faster time to harvest and better profitability. In the present study, we conducted a global analysis of vegetable seedlings and transplants, providing a comprehensive overview of research trends in seedling and transplant production to enhance the nutritional quality of vegetables. RESULTS The analysis involved reviewing and quantitatively analysing 762 articles and 5248 keywords from the Scopus database from 1971 to 2022. We used statistical, mathematical and clustering tools to analyse bibliometrics and visualise the most relevant research topics. A visualisation map was generated to identify the evolution of keywords used in the articles, resulting in five clusters for further analysis. Our study highlights the importance of the size of seed trays for the type of crop, the mechanical seeder used and the greenhouse facilities to produce desirable transplants. We identified grafting and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting technology as rapidly expanding technologies in vegetable seedlings and transplant production used to promote plant qualitative profile. CONCLUSION There is a need for sustainable growing media to optimise resources and reduce input use. Thus, applying grafting, LED artificial lighting, biostimulants, biofortification and plant growth-promoting microorganisms in seedling production can enhance efficiency and promote sustainable vegetable nutritional quality by accumulating biocompounds. Further research is needed to explore the working mechanisms and devise novel strategies to enhance the product quality of vegetables, commencing from the early stages of food production. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Gallegos-Cedillo
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Department of Engineering, CIAIMBITAL Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Cinthia Nájera
- Department of Agronomy, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Wastes Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angelo Signore
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jesús Ochoa
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Gallegos
- Department of Engineering, CIAIMBITAL Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Catalina Egea-Gilabert
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Nazim S Gruda
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan A Fernández
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
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Mendoza-Mendoza A, Esquivel-Naranjo EU, Soth S, Whelan H, Alizadeh H, Echaide-Aquino JF, Kandula D, Hampton JG. Uncovering the multifaceted properties of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone for control of plant pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1420068. [PMID: 38957597 PMCID: PMC11217547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1420068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms have the ability to inhibit the growth and development of plant pathogens, induce the activation of plant defenses, and promote plant growth. Among them, 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP), a ketone produced by Trichoderma fungi, has emerged as a focal point of interest. 6-PP has been isolated and characterized from thirteen Trichoderma species and is the main VOC produced, often accounting for >50% of the total VOCs emitted. This review examines abiotic and biotic interactions regulating the production of 6-PP by Trichoderma, and the known effects of 6-PP on plant pathogens through direct and indirect mechanisms including induced systemic resistance. While there are many reports of 6-PP activity against plant pathogens, the vast majority have been from laboratory studies involving only 6-PP and the pathogen, rather than glasshouse or field studies including a host plant in the system. Biopesticides based on 6-PP may well provide an eco-friendly, sustainable management tool for future agricultural production. However, before this can happen, challenges including demonstrating disease control efficacy in the field, developing efficient delivery systems, and determining cost-effective application rates must be overcome before 6-PP's potential for pathogen control can be turned into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sereyboth Soth
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Helen Whelan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hossein Alizadeh
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Diwakar Kandula
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John G. Hampton
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Khan A, Singh AV, Gautam SS, Agarwal A, Punetha A, Upadhayay VK, Kukreti B, Bundela V, Jugran AK, Goel R. Microbial bioformulation: a microbial assisted biostimulating fertilization technique for sustainable agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1270039. [PMID: 38148858 PMCID: PMC10749938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the pressing issues of increased food demand, declining crop productivity under varying agroclimatic conditions, and the deteriorating soil health resulting from the overuse of agricultural chemicals, requires innovative and effective strategies for the present era. Microbial bioformulation technology is a revolutionary, and eco-friendly alternative to agrochemicals that paves the way for sustainable agriculture. This technology harnesses the power of potential microbial strains and their cell-free filtrate possessing specific properties, such as phosphorus, potassium, and zinc solubilization, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, and pathogen protection. The application of microbial bioformulations offers several remarkable advantages, including its sustainable nature, plant probiotic properties, and long-term viability, positioning it as a promising technology for the future of agriculture. To maintain the survival and viability of microbial strains, diverse carrier materials are employed to provide essential nourishment and support. Various carrier materials with their unique pros and cons are available, and choosing the most appropriate one is a key consideration, as it substantially extends the shelf life of microbial cells and maintains the overall quality of the bioinoculants. An exemplary modern bioformulation technology involves immobilizing microbial cells and utilizing cell-free filters to preserve the efficacy of bioinoculants, showcasing cutting-edge progress in this field. Moreover, the effective delivery of bioformulations in agricultural fields is another critical aspect to improve their overall efficiency. Proper and suitable application of microbial formulations is essential to boost soil fertility, preserve the soil's microbial ecology, enhance soil nutrition, and support crop physiological and biochemical processes, leading to increased yields in a sustainable manner while reducing reliance on expensive and toxic agrochemicals. This manuscript centers on exploring microbial bioformulations and their carrier materials, providing insights into the selection criteria, the development process of bioformulations, precautions, and best practices for various agricultural lands. The potential of bioformulations in promoting plant growth and defense against pathogens and diseases, while addressing biosafety concerns, is also a focal point of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khan
- Biofortification Lab, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajay Veer Singh
- Biofortification Lab, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shiv Shanker Gautam
- Biofortification Lab, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aparna Agarwal
- Biofortification Lab, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arjita Punetha
- School of Environmental Science and Natural Resource, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Viabhav Kumar Upadhayay
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Samastipur, India
| | - Bharti Kukreti
- Biofortification Lab, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vindhya Bundela
- Biofortification Lab, Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arun Kumar Jugran
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE), Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinager, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Reeta Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cirillo V, Romano I, Woo SL, Di Stasio E, Lombardi N, Comite E, Pepe O, Ventorino V, Maggio A. Inoculation with a microbial consortium increases soil microbial diversity and improves agronomic traits of tomato under water and nitrogen deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1304627. [PMID: 38126011 PMCID: PMC10731302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1304627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-based biostimulants, functioning as biotic and abiotic stress protectants and growth enhancers, are becoming increasingly important in agriculture also in the context of climate change. The search for new products that can help reduce chemical inputs under a variety of field conditions is the new challenge. In this study, we tested whether the combination of two microbial growth enhancers with complementary modes of action, Azotobacter chroococcum 76A and Trichoderma afroharzianum T22, could facilitate tomato adaptation to a 30% reduction of optimal water and nitrogen requirements. The microbial inoculum increased tomato yield (+48.5%) under optimal water and nutrient conditions. In addition, the microbial application improved leaf water potential under stress conditions (+9.5%), decreased the overall leaf temperature (-4.6%), and increased shoot fresh weight (+15%), indicating that this consortium could act as a positive regulator of plant water relations under limited water and nitrogen availability. A significant increase in microbial populations in the rhizosphere with applications of A. chroococcum 76A and T. afroharzianum T22 under stress conditions, suggested that these inoculants could enhance soil microbial abundance, including the abundance of native beneficial microorganisms. Sampling time, limited water and nitrogen regimes and microbial inoculations all affected bacterial and fungal populations in the rhizospheric soil. Overall, these results indicated that the selected microbial consortium could function as plant growth enhancer and stress protectant, possibly by triggering adaptation mechanisms via functional changes in the soil microbial diversity and relative abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Ida Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Sheridan L. Woo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Emilio Di Stasio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Nadia Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Ernesto Comite
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Prigigallo MI, Staropoli A, Vinale F, Bubici G. Interactions between plant-beneficial microorganisms in a consortium: Streptomyces microflavus and Trichoderma harzianum. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2292-2312. [PMID: 37464583 PMCID: PMC10686133 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of microbial consortia is challenging due to many variables to be controlled, including the cross-compatibility of the selected strains and their additive or synergistic effects on plants. In this work, we investigated the interactions in vitro, in planta, and at the molecular level of two elite biological control agents (BCAs), that is Streptomyces microflavus strain AtB-42 and Trichoderma harzianum strain M10, to understand their attitude to cooperate in a consortium. In vitro, we observed a strong cross-antagonism between AtB-42 and M10 in agar plates due to diffusible metabolites and volatile organic compounds. In liquid co-cultures, M10 hindered the growth of AtB-42 very likely because of secondary metabolites and strong competition for the nutrients. The interaction in the co-culture induced extensive transcriptional reprogramming in both strains, especially in the pathways related to ribosomes, protein synthesis, and oxidoreductase activity, suggesting that each strain recognized the counterpart and activated its defence responses. The metabolome of both strains was also significantly affected. In contrast, in the soil, M10 growth was partially contrasted by AtB-42. The roots of tomato seedlings inoculated with the consortium appeared smaller than the control and single-strain-inoculated plants, indicating that plants diverted some energy from the development to defence activation, as evidenced by the leaf transcriptome. The consortium induced a stronger transcriptional change compared to the single inoculants, as demonstrated by a higher number of differentially expressed genes. Although the cross-antagonism observed in vitro, the two strains exerted a synergistic effect on tomato seedlings by inducing resistance responses stronger than the single inoculants. Our observations pose a question on the usefulness of the sole in vitro assays for selecting BCAs to construct a consortium. In vivo experiments should be preferred, and transcriptomics may greatly help to elucidate the activity of the BCAs beyond the phenotypic effects on the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Staropoli
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle PianteConsiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePorticiItaly
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni AnimaliUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Giovanni Bubici
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle PianteConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheBariItaly
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Sharma I, Raina A, Choudhary M, Apra, Kaul S, Dhar MK. Fungal endophyte bioinoculants as a green alternative towards sustainable agriculture. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19487. [PMID: 37662754 PMCID: PMC10472071 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past half century, limited use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and conservation of the environment and natural resources have become the interdependent goals of sustainable agriculture. These practices support agriculture sustainability with less environmental and climatic impacts. Therefore, there is an upsurge in the need to introduce compatible booster methods for maximizing net production. The best straightforward strategy is to explore and utilize plant-associated beneficial microorganisms and their products. Bioinoculants are bioformulations consisting of selected microbial strains on a suitable carrier used in the enhancement of crop production. Fungal endophytes used as bioinoculants confer various benefits to the host, such as protection against pathogens by eliciting immune response, mineralization of essential nutrients, and promoting plant growth. Besides, they also produce various bioactive metabolites, phytohormones, and volatile organic compounds. To design various bioformulations, transdisciplinary approaches like genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiome modulation strategies like gene editing and metabolic reconstruction have been explored. These studies will refine the existing knowledge on the diversity, phylogeny and beneficial traits of the microbes. This will also help in synthesizing microbial consortia by evaluating the role of structural and functional elements of communities in a controlled manner. The present review summarizes the beneficial aspects associated with fungal endophytes for capitalizing agricultural outputs, enlists various multi-omics techniques for understanding and modulating the mechanism involved in endophytism and the generation of new bioformulations for providing novel solutions for the enhancement of crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itika Sharma
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Ashish Raina
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Malvi Choudhary
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Apra
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Sanjana Kaul
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Manoj K. Dhar
- Plant Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
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Marghoob MU, Nawaz A, Ahmad M, Waheed MQ, Khan MH, Imtiaz M, Islam EU, Imran A, Mubeen F. Assessment of halotolerant bacterial and fungal consortia for augmentation of wheat in saline soils. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1207784. [PMID: 37455747 PMCID: PMC10347533 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1207784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptations of green technologies to counter abiotic stress, including salinity for crops like wheat by using halotolerant microbes, is a promising approach. The current study investigated 17 salt-affected agroecological zones from the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan to explore the potential of indigenous microbial flora, with their multiple biochemical characteristics in addition to plant growth promoting (PGP) traits, for enhanced wheat production in saline areas. Initially, 297 isolated pure bacterial colonies were screened for salt tolerance, biochemical, and PGP traits. Three bacterial strains belonging to Pantoea spp. and Erwinia rhaphontici with possession of multiple characteristics were selected for the development of the halotolerant bacterial consortium. Inoculation of two local wheat varieties, Faisalabad 2008 and Galaxy 2013, with the consortium for in vitro seed germination assay and sand microcosm experiments exhibited significant improvement of selected plant growth parameters like germination percentage and root structure. Two previously reported PGP fungal strains of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viridae were also used as fungal consortium separately for pot experiments and field trials. The pot experiments exhibited a positive correlation of consortia with metabolic viz. catalase, peroxidase, and proline and agronomical parameters including shoot length, dry weight, number of spikes, spike length, and 100 grain weight. To evaluate their performance under natural environmental conditions, field trials were conducted at three salt-affected sites. Agronomical attributes including days of flowering and maturity, flag leaf weight, length and width, shoot length, number of spikes, spike length, spike weight, number of seeds spike-1, 1,000 grain weight, and plot yield indicated the efficiency of these microbes to enhance wheat growth. Concisely, the bacterial consortium showed better performance and Faisalabad 2008 was a more resistant variety as compared to Galaxy 2013. Initial promising results indicate that further extensive research on indigenous microbes might lead to the development of Pakistan's first saline-specific biofertilizers and sustainable eco-friendly agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Marghoob
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aniqa Nawaz
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qandeel Waheed
- Plant Breeding and Genetic Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassaan Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz ul Islam
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Imran
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fathia Mubeen
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Woo SL, Hermosa R, Lorito M, Monte E. Trichoderma: a multipurpose, plant-beneficial microorganism for eco-sustainable agriculture. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:312-326. [PMID: 36414835 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma is a cosmopolitan and opportunistic ascomycete fungal genus including species that are of interest to agriculture as direct biological control agents of phytopathogens. Trichoderma utilizes direct antagonism and competition, particularly in the rhizosphere, where it modulates the composition of and interactions with other microorganisms. In its colonization of plants, on the roots or as an endophyte, Trichoderma has evolved the capacity to communicate with the plant and produce numerous multifaceted benefits to its host. The intricacy of this plant-microorganism association has stimulated a marked interest in research on Trichoderma, ranging from its capacity as a plant growth promoter to its ability to prime local and systemic defence responses against biotic and abiotic stresses and to activate transcriptional memory affecting plant responses to future stresses. This Review discusses the ecophysiology and diversity of Trichoderma and the complexity of its relationships in the agroecosystem, highlighting its potential as a direct and indirect biological control agent, biostimulant and biofertilizer, which are useful multipurpose properties for agricultural applications. We also highlight how the present legislative framework might accommodate the demonstrated evidence of Trichoderma proficiency as a plant-beneficial microorganism contributing towards eco-sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan L Woo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosa Hermosa
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Enrique Monte
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Pagliarini E, Gaggìa F, Quartieri M, Toselli M, Di Gioia D. Yield and Nutraceutical Value of Lettuce and Basil Improved by a Microbial Inoculum in Greenhouse Experiments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1700. [PMID: 37111923 PMCID: PMC10145599 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Members of Bacillus spp. have been widely used to enrich the soil/root interface to provide plant growth promoting activities. A new isolate, namely to Bacillus sp. VWC18, has been tested under greenhouse conditions in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) pots at different concentrations (103, 105, 107, and 109 CFU·mL-1) and application time (single inoculum at transplant and multiple inoculum every ten days) to evaluate the best application dose and frequency. Analysis of foliar yield, main nutrients, and minerals evidenced a significant response for all applications. The lowest (103 CFU·mL-1) and the highest doses (109 CFU·mL-1), applied every ten days until harvest, had the greatest efficacy; the nutrient yield (N, K, P, Na, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, and B) increased more than twice. A new randomized block design with three replicates was then performed in lettuce and basil (Ocinum basilicum L.), with the two best performing concentrations applied every ten days. In addition to previous analysis, root weight, chlorophyll, and carotenoids were also examined. Both experiments confirmed the previous results: inoculation of the substrate with Bacillus sp. VWC18 promoted plant growth, chlorophyll, and mineral uptake in both crop species. Root weight duplicated or triplicated compared to control plants, and chlorophyll concentration reached even higher values. Both parameters had a dose-dependent increase.
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Buffalo milk and rumen fluid metabolome are significantly affected by green feed. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1381. [PMID: 36697476 PMCID: PMC9877005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of green feed for livestock breeding is an important strategy to encounter both the increasing demand for animal derived products and the perceptions of the consumers regarding animal welfare and sustainability. The aim of this study was to compare different feeding strategies in lactating water buffaloes by using a metabolomic approach. The study was carried out on 32 milking buffaloes that were randomly divided into two groups for a total period of 90 days (3 sampling times). DD Group (dry diet) received a standard total mixed ratio (TMR) characterized by dry forages and concentrates; ZG Group (zero grazing) fed an isoenergetic and isoproteic diet obtained using 30% of sorghum as green forage. Samples of milk and rumen fluid were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. Data analyses revealed the presence of several differentially accumulated metabolites and among these, ten compounds were putatively identified in milk samples (i.e. L-carnitine, acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyroylcarnitine, 2-hexenoylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, glycerophosphocholine, δ-valerobetaine and γ-butyrobetaine) and four in rumen fluid (3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate, Indole-3-acrylic acid, oleamide (cis-9,10-octadecenoamide) and 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4). The modulation of these molecules in buffalo milk is significantly related to the green/dry based feeding and some the natural compound detected could be considered as health-promoting nutrients.
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Sharma A, Salwan R, Kaur R, Sharma R, Sharma V. Characterization and evaluation of bioformulation from antagonistic and flower inducing Trichoderma asperellum isolate UCRD5. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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An Appraisal of Critical Factors Configuring the Composition of Basil in Minerals, Bioactive Secondary Metabolites, Micronutrients and Volatile Aromatic Compounds. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cardarelli M, Woo SL, Rouphael Y, Colla G. Seed Treatments with Microorganisms Can Have a Biostimulant Effect by Influencing Germination and Seedling Growth of Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030259. [PMID: 35161239 PMCID: PMC8838022 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Seed quality is an important aspect of the modern cultivation strategies since uniform germination and high seedling vigor contribute to successful establishment and crop performance. To enhance germination, beneficial microbes belonging to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma spp., rhizobia and other bacteria can be applied to seeds before sowing via coating or priming treatments. Their presence establishes early relationships with plants, leading to biostimulant effects such as plant-growth enhancement, increased nutrient uptake, and improved plant resilience to abiotic stress. This review aims to highlight the most significant results obtained for wheat, maize, rice, soybean, canola, sunflower, tomato, and other horticultural species. Beneficial microorganism treatments increased plant germination, seedling vigor, and biomass, as well as overcoming seed-related limitations (such as abiotic stress), both during and after emergence. The results are generally positive, but variable, so more scientific information needs to be acquired for different crops and cultivation techniques, with considerations to different beneficial microbes (species and strains) and under variable climate conditions to understand the effects of seed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Sheridan L. Woo
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
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The Effect of Antagonist Abiotic Stress on Bioactive Compounds from Basil (Ocimum basilicum). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drought and flooding are some of the most common stressful conditions for plants. Due to the recent climate changes, they can occur one after another. This study is focused on the effect of antagonistic abiotic stress such as drought and flooding on the different metabolites from Ocimum basilicum leaves. Six-week-old plants of Ocimum basilicum were exposed to drought or flooding stress for 15 days, followed by antagonist stress for 14 days. The assimilation rates decrease drastically for plants under consecutive stresses from 18.9 to 0.25 µmol m−2 s−1 starting at day 3 of treatment. The stomatal conductance to water vapor gs was also reduced from 86 to 29 mmol m−2 s−1. The emission of green leaf volatiles compounds increases from 0.14 to 2.48 nmol m−2 s−1, and the emission of monoterpenes increased from 2.00 to 7.37 nmol m−2 s−1. The photosynthetic pigment concentration (chlorophyll a and b, and β-carotene), the flavonoid content, and total phenolic content decrease for all stressed plants. The results obtained in this study could indicate that the water status (drought and/or flooding) directly impacts basil plants’ physiological parameters and secondary metabolites.
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