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Medina JE, Castañeda S, Camargo M, Garcia-Corredor DJ, Muñoz M, Ramírez JD. Exploring viral diversity and metagenomics in livestock: insights into disease emergence and spillover risks in cattle. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10403-2. [PMID: 38865041 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Cattle have a significant impact on human societies in terms of both economics and health. Viral infections pose a relevant problem as they directly or indirectly disrupt the balance within cattle populations. This has negative consequences at the economic level for producers and territories, and also jeopardizes human health through the transmission of zoonotic diseases that can escalate into outbreaks or pandemics. To establish prevention strategies and control measures at various levels (animal, farm, region, or global), it is crucial to identify the viral agents present in animals. Various techniques, including virus isolation, serological tests, and molecular techniques like PCR, are typically employed for this purpose. However, these techniques have two major drawbacks: they are ineffective for non-culturable viruses, and they only detect a small fraction of the viruses present. In contrast, metagenomics offers a promising approach by providing a comprehensive and unbiased analysis for detecting all viruses in a given sample. It has the potential to identify rare or novel infectious agents promptly and establish a baseline of healthy animals. Nevertheless, the routine application of viral metagenomics for epidemiological surveillance and diagnostics faces challenges related to socioeconomic variables, such as resource availability and space dedicated to metagenomics, as well as the lack of standardized protocols and resulting heterogeneity in presenting results. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge and prospects for using viral metagenomics to detect and identify viruses in cattle raised for livestock, while discussing the epidemiological and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Esteban Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena Camargo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Diego J Garcia-Corredor
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología - UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Goldkamp AK, Lahuis CH, Hagen DE, Taxis TM. Influence of Maternal BLV Infection on miRNA and tRF Expression in Calves. Pathogens 2023; 12:1312. [PMID: 38003777 PMCID: PMC10674961 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRF), are known to be involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Research has provided evidence that small RNAs may influence immune development in calves. Bovine leukosis is a disease in cattle caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) that leads to increased susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens. No research has addressed the potential influence that a maternal BLV infection may have on gene regulation through the differential expression of miRNAs or tRFs in progeny. Blood samples from 14-day old Holstein calves born to BLV-infected dams were collected. Antibodies for BLV were assessed using ELISA and levels of BLV provirus were assessed using qPCR. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood samples for small RNA sequencing. Five miRNAs (bta-miR-1, bta-miR-206, bta-miR-133a, bta-miR-133b, and bta-miR-2450d) and five tRFs (tRF-36-8JZ8RN58X2NF79E, tRF-20-0PF05B2I, tRF-27-W4R951KHZKK, tRF-22-S3M8309NF, and tRF-26-M87SFR2W9J0) were dysregulated in calves born to BLV-infected dams. The miRNAs appear to be involved in the gene regulation of immunological responses and muscle development. The tRF subtypes and parental tRNA profiles in calves born to infected dams appear to be consistent with previous publications in adult cattle with BLV infection. These findings offer insight into how maternal BLV infection status may impact the development of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Goldkamp
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA; (A.K.G.)
| | - Ciarra H. Lahuis
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Darren E. Hagen
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA; (A.K.G.)
| | - Tasia M. Taxis
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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Schroeder DC, Schoenrock KM, McHugh TA, Ray J, Krueger-Hadfield SA. Phaeoviruses found in recovering Nereocystis luetkeana kelp forest community. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:818-821. [PMID: 37547987 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Declan C Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Tristin Anoush McHugh
- Reef Check Foundation, Marina Del Rey, California, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - James Ray
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Coastal Conservation, Eureka, California, USA
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Identification of BoLA Alleles Associated with BLV Proviral Load in US Beef Cows. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101093. [PMID: 36297150 PMCID: PMC9610478 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease in cattle. Previous work estimates that 78% of US beef operations and 38% of US beef cattle are seropositive for BLV. Infection by BLV in a herd is an economic concern for producers as evidence suggests that it causes an increase in cost and a subsequent decrease in profit to producers. Studies investigating BLV in dairy cattle have noted disease resistance or susceptibility, measured by a proviral load (PVL) associated with specific alleles of the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) DRB3 gene. This study aims to investigate the associations between BoLA DRB3 alleles and BLV PVL in beef cattle. Samples were collected from 157 Midwest beef cows. BoLA DRB3 alleles were identified and compared with BLV PVL. One BoLA DRB3 allele, *026:01, was found to be associated with high PVL in relation to the average of the sampled population. In contrast, two alleles, *033:01 and *002:01, were found to be associated with low PVL. This study provides evidence of a relationship between BoLA DRB3 alleles and BLV PVL in US beef cows.
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