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Frant MP, Mazur-Panasiuk N, Gal-Cisoń A, Bocian Ł, Łyjak M, Szczotka-Bochniarz A. Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (PCV3) in Poland: Prevalence in Wild Boar Population in Connection with African Swine Fever (ASF). Viruses 2024; 16:754. [PMID: 38793635 PMCID: PMC11125846 DOI: 10.3390/v16050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human health is dependent on food safety and, therefore, on the health of farm animals. One of the most significant threats in regard to swine diseases is African swine fever (ASF). Infections caused by porcine circoviruses (PCVs) represent another important swine disease. Due to the ubiquitous nature of PCV2, it is not surprising that this virus has been detected in ASFV-affected pigs. However, recent data indicate that coinfection of PCV3 and ASFV also occurs. It is still unclear whether PCV infection plays a role in ASFV infection, and that subject requires further analysis. The aim of this study was to assess whether PCV3 and PCV4 are present in the wild boar population in Poland (real-time PCR). The analysis was performed on wild boar samples collected for routine ASF surveillance in Poland, between 2018 and 2021. By extension, the obtained data were compared in regard to ASFV presence in these samples, thus investigating the odds of ASFV infection on the grounds of the PCV carrier state in free-ranging Suidae in Poland. In addition, sequencing of PCV3 and phylogenetic analysis were performed, based on a full genome and a capsid gene. In the current study, we demonstrated the high prevalence of PCV3 in the wild boar population in Poland; meanwhile, PCV4 was not detected. The odds of ASFV infection on the grounds of the PCV3 carrier state in free-ranging Suidae in Poland was more than twice as high. Ten full genome sequences of PCV3 were obtained, all of them belonging to clade 3a. The similarity between them was in the range of 98.78-99.80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Piotr Frant
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów Avenue 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (A.G.-C.); (M.Ł.); (A.S.-B.)
| | - Natalia Mazur-Panasiuk
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Gal-Cisoń
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów Avenue 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (A.G.-C.); (M.Ł.); (A.S.-B.)
| | - Łukasz Bocian
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów Avenue 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Łyjak
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów Avenue 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (A.G.-C.); (M.Ł.); (A.S.-B.)
| | - Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów Avenue 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (A.G.-C.); (M.Ł.); (A.S.-B.)
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów Avenue 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Zhang P, Ren Z, Gao X, Zhao M, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang G, Xiang H, Cai R, Luo S, Wang X. Development and application of a TaqMan-probe-based multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus 2, 3, and 4 in Guangdong province of China. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1353439. [PMID: 38737459 PMCID: PMC11085253 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1353439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine circoviruses disease (PCVD), caused by porcine circovirus (PCVs), is an important swine disease characterized by porcine dermatitis, nephrotic syndrome and reproductive disorders in sows. However, diseases caused by PCV2, PCV3, or PCV4 are difficult to distinguish, so a simple, rapid, accurate and high-throughput diagnostic and identification method is urgently needed to differentiate these three types. In this study, specific primers and probes were designed based on the conserved region sequences of the Rep gene of PCV2, and the Cap gene of PCV3 and PCV4. A multiplex qPCR assay was developed and optimized that the limit of detection concentration could reach as low as 3.8 copies/μL, with all correlation coefficients (R2) exceeding 0.999. Furthermore, the method showed no cross-reaction with other crucial porcine viral pathogens, and both intra-repeatability and inter-reproducibility coefficients of variation were below 2%. The assay was applied to the detection of 738 pig samples collected from 2020 to 2021 in Guangdong Province, China. This revealed positive infection rates of 65.18% for PCV2, 29.27% for PCV3, and 0% for PCV4, with a PCV2/PCV3 co-infection rate of 23.17%. Subsequently, complete genome sequences of 17 PCV2 and 4 PCV3 strains were obtained from the above positive samples and pre-preserved positive circovirus samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the 17 PCV2 strains shared 96.7-100% complete nucleotide identity, with 6 strains being PCV2b and 11 strains being PCV2d; the 4 PCV3 strains shared 98.9-99.4% complete nucleotide identity, with 2 strains being PCV3a-1 and 2 strains being PCV3b. This research provides a reliable tool for rapid PCVs identification and detection. Molecular epidemiological investigation of PCVs in pigs in Guangdong Province will help us to understand PCV2 and PCV3 epidemiological characteristics and evolutionary trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengpo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rujian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Animal Disease, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Park S, Kim S, Jeong T, Oh B, Lim CW, Kim B. Prevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 and type 3 in slaughtered pigs and wild boars in Korea. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1329. [PMID: 38050451 PMCID: PMC10766032 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus, a non-enveloped single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, is a major pathogen of porcine circovirus-associated disease. Porcine circovirus 3, a novel porcine circovirus, has been identified in individuals with clinical symptoms. OBJECTIVES The prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 and the confirmation of diagnosis of this emerging viral disease have not been fully studied yet. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 in slaughtered pigs and wild boars in Korea between 2018 and 2019. METHODS Lungs and hilar lymph nodes of healthy pigs slaughtered in slaughterhouses and captured wild pigs were collected, and viruses were detected by multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction and two staining methods (in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry) to confirm the presence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3. RESULTS Positive rates of porcine circovirus 2 in lungs and hilar lymph nodes were 78.1% (75/96) and 89.5% (86/96) in slaughtered pigs, respectively. They were 18.0% (30/167) and 46.3% (24/55) in wild boars, respectively. Positive rates of porcine circovirus 3 in lungs and hilar lymph nodes were 30.2% (29/96) and 13.5% (13/96) in slaughtered pigs, respectively. They were 4.2% (7/167) and 5.5% (3/55) in wild boars, respectively. At the farm level, positive rates of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 were 97.9% (47/48) and 54.2% (26/48), respectively. Positive rates of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 decreased in spring. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 in lungs, but not porcine circovirus 3 in the hilar lymph nodes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 might vary depending on the season and the type of sample. Wild boars might play a role in the epidemiology of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 in South Korea. Continuous surveillance and further study are needed for this emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok‐Chan Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National UniversityIksanRepublic of Korea
| | - Suwon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National UniversityIksanRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Won Jeong
- HLB BIOSTEP Co., Ltd., Research CenterIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National UniversityIksanRepublic of Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National UniversityIksanRepublic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National UniversityIksanRepublic of Korea
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Lai DC, Nguyen DMT, Nguyen TT, Ngo TNT, Do DT. Co-circulation and genetic characteristics of porcine circoviruses in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome cases in commercial swine farms. Virusdisease 2023; 34:531-538. [PMID: 38046060 PMCID: PMC10686971 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the co-infection and genetic characteristics of Porcine circoviruses in PMWS-affected pigs in five commercial farrow-to-finish swine farms in Vietnam. By the end of 2022, the percentage of PMWS-affected pigs in these farms has increased significantly compared to previous years. The lymph node samples from ten PMWS typical cases were randomly collected to test for the presence of PRRSV, PCV2, PCV3 and PCV4. While PRRSV and PCV4 were not found in these cases, 10 and 3 out of 10 samples were positive for PCV2 and PCV3, respectively. Three farms in the study showed the co-infection of PCV2 and PCV3 in affected pigs. Besides, all PCV-positive samples were sequenced to evaluate genetic characterization of PCVs in PMWS-affected cases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all PCV3 strains in the study were clustered into PCV3b genotype. 8 out of 10 PCV2 strains belonged to PCV2d genotype while the remaining two strains belonged to PCV2b genotypes. Two farms had co-circulation of PCV2b and PCV2d genotypes in two different age groups of pigs, which is reported for the first time in Vietnam. Several amino acid substitutions were identified in important antigenic regions in the capsid protein of the PCV2 field strains compared to vaccine strains. Taken together, the results showed the high co-prevalence of PCV3 and PCV2, and the wide genetic diversity of PCV2 field and vaccine strains may be the cause of the increased PMWS situation in these pig farms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00849-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh Cong Lai
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University - HCMC (NLU), Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Duyen My Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University - HCMC (NLU), Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Toan Tat Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University - HCMC (NLU), Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tram Ngoc Thi Ngo
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University - HCMC (NLU), Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University - HCMC (NLU), Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Burrai GP, Hawko S, Dei Giudici S, Polinas M, Angioi PP, Mura L, Alberti A, Hosri C, Hassoun G, Oggiano A, Antuofermo E. The Synergic Role of Emerging and Endemic Swine Virus in the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex: Pathological and Biomolecular Analysis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:595. [PMID: 37888547 PMCID: PMC10611356 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) represents a significant threat to the swine industry, causing economic losses in pigs worldwide. Recently, beyond the endemic viruses PRRSV and PCV2, emerging viruses such as TTSuV, PCV3, and PPV2, have been associated with PRDC, but their role remains unclear. This study investigates the presence of PCV2 and PRRSV and emerging viruses (PCV3, TTSuV, and PPV2) in the lungs of swine belonging to different age groups by histopathology and real-time PCR. The prevalent lung lesion was interstitial pneumonia with increased severity in post-weaning pigs. PRRSV was detected in 33% of piglets' lungs and in 20% of adults and post-weaning pigs with high Ct, while PCV2 was found in 100% of adult pigs, 33% of post-weaning pigs, and 22% of piglets, with low Ct in post-weaning pigs. PCV3 was present in all categories and coexisted with other viruses. TTSuV was detected in all swine in combination with other viruses, possibly influencing the disease dynamics, while PPV2 was detected in 100% of adults' and 90% of piglets' lungs. The detection of TTSuV, PCV3, and PPV2 in affected pigs prioritizes the need for comprehensive approaches in implementing appropriate control measures and minimizing economic losses associated with PRDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Salwa Hawko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Marta Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Pier Paolo Angioi
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Lorena Mura
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Chadi Hosri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 1487, Lebanon; (C.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Georges Hassoun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 1487, Lebanon; (C.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
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Li Y, Yu P, Bao Y, Ren Y, Zhao S, Zhang X. Production of virus-like particles of porcine circovirus 2 in baculovirus expression system and its application for antibody detection. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:87. [PMID: 37468893 PMCID: PMC10355036 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is one of the pathogens that leads to a growing and persistent threat in pigs. Thus, the development of serological detection methods for PCV-2 is of great necessity for clinical diagnosis as well as epidemiological investigations. This study aimed to establish an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to examine antibodies against PCV-2 based on virus-like particles (VLPs). RESULTS Recombinant PCV-2 Cap protein was expressed in the baculovirus-insect cells system and PCV-2 VLPs were observed over transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PCV-2 VLPs were shown to have good immunogenicity in mice and stimulated a high level of PCV-2 antibody titers. Using PCV-2 VLPs as coating antigen, the indirect ELISA can detect PCV-2 antibodies in animals with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 98.33% and 93.33% compared to immunofluorescence assay (IFA), respectively. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient variations (CVs) were < 10% in a batch, and < 15% in different batches, indicating good repeatability. There was no cross-reaction of this ELISA with antibodies against other porcine viruses. A total of 170 serum samples collected from different pig farms in China were tested for PCV-2 antibodies, and 151 (88.8%) samples were PCV-2 antibody positive. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that this ELISA was rapid, specific, and reproducible and can be used for large-scale serological investigations of PCV-2 antibodies in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Pingping Yu
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yaxuan Bao
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yuwen Ren
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Shaowei Zhao
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Xuexian Zhang
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.25 Xiangrui Street Daxing District, Beijing, 102600, China.
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Hou L, Yang X, Liu C, Guo J, Shi Y, Sun T, Feng X, Zhou J, Liu J. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Its Metabolites Carbon Monoxide and Biliverdin, but Not Iron, Exert Antiviral Activity against Porcine Circovirus Type 3. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0506022. [PMID: 37140466 PMCID: PMC10269822 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05060-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly discovered pathogen that causes porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)-like clinical signs, multisystemic inflammation, and reproductive failure. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-inducible enzyme, exerts protective functions by converting heme into carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV), and iron. However, the effects of HO-1 and its metabolites on PCV3 replication remain unknown. In this study, experiments involving specific inhibitors, lentivirus transduction, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection revealed that active PCV3 infection reduced HO-1 expression and that the expression of HO-1 negatively regulated virus replication in cultured cells, depending on its enzymatic activity. Subsequently, the effects of the HO-1 metabolites (CO, BV, and iron) on PCV3 infection were investigated. The CO inducers (cobalt protoporphyrin IX [CoPP] or tricarbonyl dichloro ruthenium [II] dimer [CORM-2]) mediate PCV3 inhibition by generating CO, and this inhibition is reversed by hemoglobin (Hb; a CO scavenger). The inhibition of PCV3 replication by BV depended on BV-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, as N-acetyl-l-cysteine affected PCV3 replication while reducing ROS production. The reduction product of BV, bilirubin (BR), specifically promoted nitric oxide (NO) generation and further activated the cyclic GMP/protein kinase G (cGMP/PKG) pathway to attenuate PCV3 infection. Both the iron provided by FeCl3 and the iron chelated by deferoxamine (DFO) with CoPP treatment failed to affect PCV3 replication. Our data demonstrate that the HO-1-CO-cGMP/PKG, HO-1-BV-ROS, and HO-1-BV-BR-NO-cGMP/PKG pathways contribute crucially to the inhibition of PCV3 replication. These results provide important insights regarding preventing and controlling PCV3 infection. IMPORTANCE The regulation of host protein expression by virus infection is the key to facilitating self-replication. As an important emerging pathogen of swine, clarification of the interaction between PCV3 infection and the host enables us to understand the viral life cycle and pathogenesis better. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its metabolites carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV), and iron have been demonstrated to involve a wealth of viral replications. Here, we, for the first time, demonstrated that HO-1 expression decreases in PCV3-infected cells and negatively regulates PCV3 replication and that the HO-1 metabolic products CO and BV inhibit PCV3 replication by the CO- or BV/BR/NO-dependent cGMP/PKG pathway or BV-mediated ROS reduction, but the iron (the third metabolic product) does not. Specifically, PCV3 infection maintains normal proliferation by downregulating HO-1 expression. These findings clarify the mechanism by which HO-1 modulates PCV3 replication in cells and provide important targets for preventing and controlling PCV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changzhe Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Molossi FA, Albuquerque de Almeida B, Santana de Cecco B, Pissetti C, Ventura L, Brandalise L, Simão G, Vanucci F, Negrao Watababe TT, Vaz Jr. IDS, Driemeier D. Porcine circovirus type 3: immunohistochemical detection in lesions of naturally affected piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174718. [PMID: 37215483 PMCID: PMC10192697 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) viral load and histopathological findings in perinatal piglet tissues and to develop an immunohistochemical method for detecting the virus in lesions. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) cycle threshold (Ct) when amplifying PCV3 DNA and the area of perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in different organs [central nervous system (CNS), lung, heart, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes] were compared. To develop an immunohistochemistry technique, rabbit sera were produced against PCV3-capsid protein peptides selected using bioinformatic analyses. The assay was initially implemented using a tissue sample previously tested using qPCR and in situ hybridization to optimize the procedure and reagent dilutions. To evaluate immunohistochemistry performance, tissue samples from another 17 cases were analyzed using standardized parameters. The most common microscopic lesion was multisystemic periarteritis, with associated vasculitis, as the mesenteric vascular plexus is one of the most affected organs. Other tissues, such as the heart, lung, CNS, and skeletal muscle, were also affected. Comparison of the Ct values for different tissues showed no significant difference, except in lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes), which had significantly higher viral loads than the CNS tissues. There was no correlation between Ct values and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. PCV3 immunohistochemistry revealed granular immunolabeling, mainly in the cytoplasm of cells in the vascular mesenteric plexus, heart, lung, kidney, and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bianca Santana de Cecco
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Caroline Pissetti
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal (CEDISA), Concórdia, Brazil
| | - Lauren Ventura
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal (CEDISA), Concórdia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio Vanucci
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrao Watababe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz Jr.
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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9
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Sirisereewan C, Nguyen TC, Piewbang C, Jittimanee S, Kedkovid R, Thanawongnuwech R. Molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) in Thailand during 2019-2020. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5168. [PMID: 36997663 PMCID: PMC10063680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is considered a novel PCV, firstly found in China in 2019 and later discovered in Korea. This present study investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCV4 from high pig-density areas in Thailand during 2019-2020. From 734 samples, three samples (0.4%) from aborted fetuses and porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) cases were found positive for PCV4, two of the PCV4-positive samples were coinfected with both PCV2 and PRRSV, and the other PCV4-positive sample was found coinfected with PCV2. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed the presence of PCV4 in the bronchial epithelial cells and in lymphocytes and histiocyte-like cells in the lymphoid follicles of the PRDC-affected pig. The complete Thai PCV4 genome had over 98% nucleotide identity with other PCV4 strains and was closely related to the Korean and Chinese PCV4b strains. Importantly, the amino acid residue at position 212 of the Cap gene is recommended for differentiating PCV4a (212L) from PCV4b (212M) based on currently available PCV4 genome sequences. These findings provide important clues for the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and genetic characteristics of PCV4 in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitawat Sirisereewan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanh Che Nguyen
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suphattra Jittimanee
- Research Group for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals and Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Division of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Roongtham Kedkovid
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Roongroje Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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10
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Chen Y, Luo S, Tan J, Zhang L, Qiu S, Hao Z, Wang N, Deng Z, Wang A, Yang Q, Yang Y, Wang C, Zhan Y. Establishment and application of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of four viruses associated with porcine reproductive failure. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1092273. [PMID: 36846754 PMCID: PMC9949525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1092273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens cause reproductive failure in sows suffering a broad spectrum of sequelae, including abortions, stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility. Although various detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR, have been widely used for molecular diagnosis, mainly for a single pathogen. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR method for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) associated with porcine reproductive failure. The R 2 values for the standard curve of multiplex real-time PCR of PCV2, PCV3, PPV, and PRV reached to 0.996, 0.997, 0.996, and 0.998, respectively. Importantly, the limit of detection (LoD) of PCV2, PCV3, PPV, and PRV, were 1, 10, 10, 10 copies/reaction, respectively. Meanwhile, specificity test results indicated that multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection is specific for these four target pathogens and does not react with other pathogens, such as classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Besides, this method had good repeatability with coefficients of variation of intra- and inter-assay less than 2%. Finally, this approach was further evaluated by 315 clinical samples for its practicality in the field. The positive rates of PCV2, PCV3, PPV, and PRV were 66.67% (210/315), 8.57% (27/315), 8.89% (28/315), and 4.13% (13/315), respectively. The overall co-infection rates of two or more pathogens were 13.65% (43/315). Therefore, this multiplex real-time PCR provides an accurate and sensitive method for the identification of those four underlying DNA viruses among potential pathogenic agents, allowing it to be applied in diagnostics, surveillance, and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shile Luo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianmei Tan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengwu Qiu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyou Hao
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Naidong Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibang Deng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changjian Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Changjian Wang, ✉
| | - Yang Zhan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Yang Zhan, ✉
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11
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Detection and Complete Genomic Analysis of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) in Diarrheic Pigs from the Dominican Republic: First Report on PCV3 from the Caribbean Region. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020250. [PMID: 36839522 PMCID: PMC9959359 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing detection of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3, family Circoviridae) in clinically ill pigs worldwide has raised concerns on the implications of the virus on porcine health and the pork industry. Although pork production constitutes an important component of the livestock economy and is a major source of animal protein in the Caribbean Islands, there are no reports on PCV3 in pigs from the region so far. In the present study, PCV3 was detected in 21% (21/100) of diarrheic pigs (sampled at three farms) from the Caribbean nation of the Dominican Republic (DR). Although the sample size varied between porcine age groups, the highest PCV3 detection rates (35.3% each, respectively) were observed in piglets and growers. Co-infections with PCV2 and porcine adenovirus were observed in 38.09% and 9.52% of the PCV3 positive samples, respectively. The complete genomes of 11 DR PCV3 strains were analyzed in the present study, revealing a unique deletion (corresponding to nucleotide residue at position 1165 of reference PCV3 sequences) in one of the DR PCV3 sequences. Based on sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis (open reading frame 2 and complete genome sequences), the DR PCV3 strains were assigned to genotype PCV3a, and shared high sequence homologies (>98% identities) between themselves and with those of other PCV3a (Clade-1) strains, corroborating previous observations on the genetic stability of PCV3 worldwide. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and molecular characterization of PCV3 in pigs from the Caribbean region, providing important insights into the expanding global distribution of the virus, even in isolated geographical regions (the Island of Hispaniola). Our findings warrant further investigations on the molecular epidemiology and economic implications of PCV3 in pigs with diarrhea and other clinical conditions across the Caribbean region.
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12
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Pérot P, Fourgeaud J, Rouzaud C, Regnault B, Da Rocha N, Fontaine H, Le Pavec J, Dolidon S, Garzaro M, Chrétien D, Morcrette G, Molina TJ, Ferroni A, Leruez-Ville M, Lortholary O, Jamet A, Eloit M. Circovirus Hepatitis Infection in Heart-Lung Transplant Patient, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:286-293. [PMID: 36596569 PMCID: PMC9881760 DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.221468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In March 2022, a 61-year-old woman in France who had received a heart-lung transplant sought treatment with chronic hepatitis mainly characterized by increased liver enzymes. After ruling out common etiologies, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing to analyze a liver biopsy sample and identified an unknown species of circovirus, tentatively named human circovirus 1 (HCirV-1). We found no other viral or bacterial sequences. HCirV-1 shared 70% amino acid identity with the closest known viral sequences. The viral genome was undetectable in blood samples from 2017-2019, then became detectable at low levels in September 2020 and peaked at very high titers (1010 genome copies/mL) in January 2022. In March 2022, we found >108 genome copies/g or mL in the liver and blood, concomitant with hepatic cytolysis. We detected HCirV-1 transcripts in 2% of hepatocytes, demonstrating viral replication and supporting the role of HCirV-1 in liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Béatrice Regnault
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Nicolas Da Rocha
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Jérôme Le Pavec
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Samuel Dolidon
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Margaux Garzaro
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Delphine Chrétien
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Guillaume Morcrette
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Thierry Jo Molina
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Agnès Ferroni
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
| | - Marianne Leruez-Ville
- Institut Pasteur Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- The OIE Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris (P. Pérot, B. Regnault, N. Da Rocha, D. Chrétien, M. Eloit)
- Institut Imagine, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, M. Leruez-Ville); Université Paris Cité, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, A. Jamet)
- Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris (J. Fourgeaud, G. Morcrette, T.J. Molina, A. Ferroni, M. Leruez-Ville, A. Jamet)
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris (C. Rouzaud, M. Garzaro, O. Lortholary)
- Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph-Marie Lannelongue, Équipe Mobile de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris (C. Rouzaud)
- Hôpital Cochin Département d'Hépatologie-Addictologie, Paris (H. Fontaine)
- Université Paris–Sud, Paris (J. Le Pavec)
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J. Le Pavec, S. Dolidon)
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris (A. Jamet)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (M. Eloit)
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13
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Dinh PX, Nguyen HN, Lai DC, Nguyen TT, Nguyen NM, Do DT. Genetic diversity in the capsid protein gene of porcine circovirus type 3 in Vietnam from 2018 to 2019. Arch Virol 2023; 168:30. [PMID: 36598656 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) was first detected in 2016 and has been reported in many pig-producing countries around the world, including Vietnam. PCV3 has been found in complex cases with multiple clinical syndromes in swine. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of PCV3 strains circulating in Vietnam. A total of 249 samples were collected from swine farms located in eight provinces of Vietnam, and 11.65% (29/249) of these samples were found to contain PCV3. The ORF2 genes from the 29 PCV3-positive samples were amplified, purified, and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 23 of these strains belonged to the PCV3b subtype, while the remaining six strains belonged to subtype c and subtype a (a-1 and a-2). Analysis of the ORF2 genes indicated that the 29 PCV3 strains had high sequence identity (96.90-100% at the genomic level and 96.19-100% at the amino acid level). Fifteen amino acid substitutions were found in predicted B-cell epitopes in the capsid proteins of the Vietnamese PCV3 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phat Xuan Dinh
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University-HCMC, Thu Duc City, Vietnam
| | - Hai Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University-HCMC, Quarter 6, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc City, Vietnam
| | - Danh Cong Lai
- Department of Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University-HCMC, Quarter 6, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc City, Vietnam
| | - Toan Tat Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University-HCMC, Quarter 6, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc City, Vietnam
| | - Nam Minh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. .,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Department of Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University-HCMC, Quarter 6, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc City, Vietnam.
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14
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Cobos À, Sibila M, Alomar J, Pérez M, Huerta E, Segalés J. Retrospective assessment of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from pigs affected by different clinical-pathological conditions. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:51. [PMID: 36471405 PMCID: PMC9720923 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) is a recently discovered pathogen of swine that has been associated with several conditions. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding its infection, especially in terms of pathogenesis and disease impact. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively investigate the presence of PCV-3 genome by real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) on selected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of pigs affected by different clinical conditions and histological lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conditions investigated included porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS), congenital tremors type AII, reproductive disorders, and pigs affected by systemic periarteritis/arteritis, myocarditis, or encephalitis. Studied cases (n = 587) were investigated from a diagnostic database (n = 4162) that comprised samples collected within the period 1998-2021. From each condition/lesion, 10 to 12 cases were subsequently selected and tested by qPCR and ISH (72 cases total). RESULTS A total of 587 cases fulfilled inclusion criteria of the different studied conditions and were distributed among the seven groups. For the further selected cases, PCV-3 genome was found by qPCR in 12/12 periarteritis, 5/10 reproductive disease, 5/10 PFTS, 3/10 myocarditis, 1/10 encephalitis and 1/10 congenital tremor cases. PCV-3 was not found in any of the PDNS cases assessed. In periarteritis cases, tissues more commonly affected were mesenteric arteries and kidney. Reproductive disease cases associated to PCV-3 genome consistently displayed myocarditis. The lesions and labelling distribution of PFTS cases with presence of PCV-3 genome were comparable to those of the periarteritis group. qPCR and ISH yielded similar results within each studied case and were statistically comparable. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that periarteritis is the hallmark lesion of PCV-3-SD, and that mesenteric lymph node and kidney appeared to be the most reliable organs to confirm the presence of PCV-3 genome in cases with periarteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àlex Cobos
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Marina Sibila
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Jaume Alomar
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Eva Huerta
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
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15
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Hu X, Chen Z, Li Y, Ding Z, Zeng Q, Wan T, Wu H. Detection of Porcine Circovirus 1/2/3 and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar from Jiangxi Province of China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162021. [PMID: 36009613 PMCID: PMC9404430 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of disorders that harm pig production are linked to porcine circoviruses, including PCV2. PCV2 infection is a substantial contributor to porcine-circovirus-associated illnesses (PCAS) and the post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which have a significant negative economic impact on pig production. Additionally, PCV infection has been labeled as a global concern to cattle and wildlife. This study’s objectives were to examine the prevalence of PCV1/2/3 in Jiangxi Province, China, and to clarify the epidemiological significance of wild boar in PCV epidemiology. The 2020 hunting seasons resulted in the collection of 138 wild boar samples for PCV1/2/3 detection, which was followed by the genetic clarification of PCV2 strains. According to our data, 21.7% (30/138) of the population had PCV1 positivity, 22.5% (31/138) had PCV2 positivity, and 5.8% (8/138) had PCV3 positivity. Additionally, 10 out of 138 wild boar samples had PCV1 and PCV2 co-infections, while 5 out of 138 wild boar samples had PCV2 and PC3 co-infections. Nineteen full-length PCV2 genomes measuring 1767 nt were recovered from various animal tissues using conventional PCR. Eighteen out of nineteen PCV2 strains were identified as PCV2b by phylogenetic tree analysis, which was completed by the reference strain HLJ2015 obtained from domestic pigs in 2015. Additionally, one genotype of PCV2d JX11-2020 (MW889021) shared a sub-branch with the referenced strain TJ (AY181946), which was isolated in domestic pigs in 2002. This finding raises the possibility that domestic pigs could contract PCV2 strains from wild boar, posing a serious threat to the Jiangxi province of China’s pig production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Hu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tong Wan
- College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Fanelli A, Pellegrini F, Camero M, Catella C, Buonavoglia D, Fusco G, Martella V, Lanave G. Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Wild Boar in Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080953. [PMID: 35454199 PMCID: PMC9031215 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are major viral agents of farmed swine, causing relevant economic impact due to direct losses and control measures expenses. Wild boar may serve as a PCVs reservoir for the domestic pigs, thus threatening for production efficiency in pig farms. PCV infection in both domestic pigs and wild boar has been chiefly studied in Northern Italy, a densely populated area with a highly developed pork industry. However, data on circulation of PCV are scarce in other Italian areas. For the above reasons, along with the increasing sanitary relevance of wildlife as host of many livestock diseases, we carried out an epidemiological study to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of the PCVs circulating in wild boar in Basilicata region (Southern Italy), characterized by large forested areas with limited anthropic presence. A high prevalence was detected, suggesting that PCVs infection is endemic in the study population. These findings are of particular interest as the pig production system of the study area involves local breeds raised outdoor for the production of high-quality cured meat, thus having a high risk of being in contact with infected wild boar. Abstract Porcine circovirus (PCV) infection is associated with relevant economic impact to the pig industry. To date, four species of PCV (PCV1 to 4) have been identified but only PCV2 has been associated firmly with disease in pigs. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in the wild boar population in Basilicata region, Southern Italy, since this region is characterized by large forested and rural areas and the anthropic pressure is lower than in other Italian regions. Liver samples from 82 hunted wild boar were collected in 2021 from 3 different hunting districts. Sixty (73%, 95%CI: 63–82) samples tested positive for PCVs by quantitative PCR. In detail, 22 (27%, 95%CI: 18–37) were positive for PCV2, 58 (71%, 95%CI: 60–79) for PCV3, and 20 (24.4%, 95%CI 16–35) for both PCV2 and PCV3. On genome sequencing, different types and sub-types of PCV2 and PCV3 were identified, remarking a genetic diversity and hinting to a global circulation for the identified PCV strains. Overall, the high prevalence suggests that PCV2 and PCV3 infections are endemic in the wild boar population, posing risks for semi-intensive and free-range pig farming, typical of this region, due to contact with PCV-infected wild boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy;
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.L.)
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