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Çetinarslan T, Kümper L, Fölster-Holst R. The immunological and structural epidermal barrier dysfunction and skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis-an update. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1159404. [PMID: 37654796 PMCID: PMC10467310 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1159404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease with various clinical presentations and combinations of symptoms. The pathophysiology of AD is complex and multifactorial. There are several factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of AD including structural and immunological epidermal barrier defect, imbalance of the skin microbiome, genetic background and environmental factors. Alterations in structural proteins, lipids, proteases, and their inhibitors, lead to the impairment of the stratum corneum which is associated with the increased skin penetration and transepidermal water loss. The elevated serum immunoglobulin E levels and blood eosinophilia have been shown in the majority of AD patients. Type 2 T-helper cell immune pathway with increased expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, has an important role in the etiopathogenesis of AD. Both T cells and keratinocytes contribute to epidermal barrier impairment in AD via a dynamic interaction of cytokines and chemokines. The skin microbiome is another factor of relevance in the etiopathogenesis of AD. It has been shown that during AD flares, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization increased, while Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) decreased. On the contrary, S. epidermidis and species of Streptococcus, Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium increased during the remision phases. However, it is not clear whether skin dysbiosis is one of the symptoms or one of the causes of AD. There are several therapeutic options, targeting these pathways which play a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of AD. Although topical steroids are the mainstay of the treatment of AD, new biological therapies including IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 inhibitors, as well as Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), increasingly gain more importance with new advances in the therapy of AD. In this review, we summarize the role of immunological and structural epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune abnormalities, impairment of lipids, filaggrin mutation and skin microbiome in the etiopathogenesis of AD, as well as the therapeutic options for AD and their effects on these abnormalities in AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tubanur Çetinarslan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye
| | - Lisa Kümper
- MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH and Co. KG, Iserlohn, Germany
| | - Regina Fölster-Holst
- Department of Dermatology-Venereology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Đorđevski N, Uba AI, Zengin G, Božunović J, Gašić U, Ristanović E, Ćirić A, Nikolić B, Stojković D. Chemical and Biological Investigations of Allium scorodoprasum L. Flower Extracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010021. [PMID: 36678518 PMCID: PMC9865742 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the impact of different extraction solvent systems on the chemical composition and biological activities of Allium scorodoprasum L. (Amaryllidaceae)-the medicinal plant that was traditionally used as a remedy in the medieval period in the Balkans. Targeted chemical analysis of nine different extracts was performed by UHPLC(-)HESI-QqQ-MS/MS. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts were investigated on sixteen clinical isolates of bacteria, yeasts and dermatomycetes, all isolated from infected human skin and corneal formations. Cytotoxicity and wound-healing properties were tested on human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line). Antioxidant activity was assessed by six different assays, while beneficial potential against certain neurodegenerative diseases and type 2 diabetes was determined in selected enzyme inhibition assays coupled with molecular modeling. The results showed that the obtained extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoid glycosides such as rutin and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. All of the extracts showed antimicrobial, wound-healing, antioxidant and anti-enzymatic properties. This study is the first of its kind, linking the medieval medicinal use of wild-growing flowers of A. scorodoprasum with contemporary in vitro scientific approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Đorđevski
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Medical Military Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, 34083 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Jelena Božunović
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elizabeta Ristanović
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Medical Military Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ćirić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-112-078-419
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De Simoni E, Rizzetto G, Molinelli E, Lucarini G, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Capodaglio I, Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Offidani A, Simonetti O. Metabolic Comorbidities in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010002. [PMID: 36675951 PMCID: PMC9866487 DOI: 10.3390/life13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an itchy dermatitis with multifactorial aetiology, chronic-recurrent course, and typical distribution of lesions according to the age, affecting the 10-20% of pediatric population. Patients with AD, including children, suffer from many metabolic comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, being overweight, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and arterial hypertension, all of which had a prevalence that was demonstrated to be higher than in healthy patients. The association between AD and metabolic comorbidities is multifactorial and involves the deregulation of immune system. In fact, hypertrophic adipose tissue produces soluble adipokines involved in inflammation and immunity, which stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, responsible for a chronic low-grade inflammatory state and a higher predisposition to hypersensitivity reactions. Especially in pediatric population with AD, these metabolic disorders are usually underestimated and are associated with long term sequelae and an increased risk of a cardiovascular event, which may also occur later in adult age. Therefore, metabolic comorbidities should be carefully evaluated and early treated in children with AD, to minimize the long-term risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo De Simoni
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Rizzetto
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-Histology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0712206075
| | - Monica Mattioli-Belmonte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-Histology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Irene Capodaglio
- Hospital Cardiology and UTIC, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Research Center of Health Education and Health Promotion, Department of Clinical Experimental Science and Odontostomatology-Biochemistry, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences-Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Zhou X, Xiao B, Zeng J, Zhou L, Wang X, Zhao S, Li X, Zhang H, Su Y, Zhao Z, Li X. Identification of Cofilin‐1 as a novel biomarker of atopic dermatitis using
iTRAQ
quantitative proteomics. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24751. [DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Jiajia Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Research and Development Center Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Beijing China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Dermatology First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - Shangqi Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Huiqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China
| | - Yanjun Su
- Department of Lung Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Departments of Pharmacy, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Xichuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China
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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911245. [PMID: 36232548 PMCID: PMC9570195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is the subject of intense research. The gut microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases but also with psychiatric disorders. The importance of factors such as stress, mode of delivery, the role of probiotics, circadian clock system, diet, and occupational and environmental exposure in the relationship between the gut microbiota and brain function through bidirectional communication, described as “the microbiome–gut–brain axis”, is especially underlined. In this review, we discuss the link between the intestinal microbiome and the brain and host response involving different pathways between the intestinal microbiota and the nervous system (e.g., neurotransmitters, endocrine system, immunological mechanisms, or bacterial metabolites). We review the microbiota alterations and their results in the development of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Chilicka K, Rusztowicz M, Szyguła R, Nowicka D. Methods for the Improvement of Acne Scars Used in Dermatology and Cosmetology: A Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102744. [PMID: 35628870 PMCID: PMC9147527 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease that, depending on its course, is characterized by the occurrence of various skin eruptions such as open and closed comedones, pustules, papules, and cysts. Incorrectly selected treatment or the presence of severe acne vulgaris can lead to the formation of atrophic scars. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on acne scars and methods for their improvement. There are three types of atrophic scars: icepick, rolling, and boxcar. They are of different depths and widths and have different cross-sections. Scars can combine to form clusters. If acne scars are located on the face, they can reduce the patient’s quality of life, leading to isolation and depression. There are multiple effective modalities to treat acne scars. Ablative lasers, radiofrequency, micro-needling, and pilings with trichloroacetic acid have very good treatment results. Contemporary dermatology and cosmetology use treatments that cause minimal side effects, so the patient can return to daily functioning shortly after treatment. Proper dermatological treatment and skincare, as well as the rapid implementation of cosmetological treatments, will certainly achieve satisfactory results in reducing atrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Chilicka
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland; (M.R.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-665-43-94-43
| | - Monika Rusztowicz
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland; (M.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Renata Szyguła
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland; (M.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Danuta Nowicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
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Microbiome and Probiotics in Acne Vulgaris—A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030422. [PMID: 35330173 PMCID: PMC8953587 DOI: 10.3390/life12030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease characterised by the appearance of eruptions such as whiteheads, blackheads, pustules, papules, and cysts. Among factors that cause acne vulgaris are the abnormal keratinisation of the sebaceous canal, bacterial colonisation (Cutibacterium acnes), increased sebum production, genotypic factors, and hormonal disorders. Treatment is often long and tedious, and can lead to a reduction in quality of life and social isolation. The intestinal microbiota is greatly important in the formation of acne lesions. It is also responsible for the proper immunity of the organism. Acne is a disease that can be related to the condition of the digestive tract and its microbiome. Research shows that the use of probiotics may reduce skin eruptions. The probiotic supplementation and cosmetics markets are very dynamically developing. The use of internal supplementation and probiotic-containing cosmetics gives hope for the improvement of the skin condition of people with acne.
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