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Maldonado-García JL, Alvarez-Herrera S, Pérez-Sánchez G, Becerril-Villanueva E, Pavón L, Tesoro-Cruz E, Girón-Pérez MI, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Damián-Morales G, López-Santiago R, Moreno-Lafont MC. Concomitant Treatment with Doxycycline and Rifampicin in Balb/c Mice Infected with Brucella abortus 2308 Fails to Reduce Inflammation and Motor Disability. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:638. [PMID: 38794208 PMCID: PMC11123987 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infection widely distributed around the world, and in some countries it is considered a public health problem. Brucellosis causes insidious symptoms that make it difficult to diagnose. Infection can also trigger chronic pain and neuropsychiatric complications. Antibiotics are not always effective to eradicate infection, contributing to chronicity. We aimed to investigate the effects of antibiotic treatment on proinflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, corticosterone, and behavior in a murine model of infecrion of B. abortus strain 2308. Four study groups were created: (a) control; (b) antibiotic control; (c) infected with B. abortus 2308; and (d) infected and treated with rifampicin and doxycycline. We determined B. abortus 2308 colony-forming units (CFUs), the count of dendritic cells, and macrophages in the spleen; serum levels of cytokines and corticosterone; levels of serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in the brain; and equilibrium, physical strength, anxiety, and hopelessness tests. The infected and treated mice group was compared with the control and infected mice to assess whether treatment is sufficient to recover neuroimmunoendocrine parameters. Our results showed that despite the treatment of brucellosis with rifampicin and doxycycline, antibiotic-treated mice showed a persistence of B. abortus 2308 CFUs, an increased count in macrophage number, and higher circulating levels of corticosterone. Furthermore, the levels of IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α remained higher. We found a decrease in muscular strength and equilibrium concomitant to changes in neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and frontal cortex. Our data suggest that the remaining bacterial load after antibiotic administration favors inflammatory, neurochemical, and behavioral alterations, partly explaining the widespread and paradoxical symptomatology experienced by patients with chronic brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Maldonado-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.M.-G.); (G.D.-M.); (R.L.-S.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04360, Mexico
| | - Samantha Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Emiliano Tesoro-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, IMSS, Mexico City 02990, Mexico;
| | | | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04360, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Damián-Morales
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.M.-G.); (G.D.-M.); (R.L.-S.)
| | - Rubén López-Santiago
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.M.-G.); (G.D.-M.); (R.L.-S.)
| | - Martha C. Moreno-Lafont
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.M.-G.); (G.D.-M.); (R.L.-S.)
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Xue H, Li J, Ma L, Yang X, Ren L, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Li Z. Seroprevalence and Molecular Characterization of Brucella abortus from the Himalayan Marmot in Qinghai, China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7721-7734. [PMID: 38144222 PMCID: PMC10749113 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s436950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Brucellosis is a serious public health issue in Qinghai (QH), China. Surveying the seroprevalence and isolation of B. abortus strains from marmots is key to understanding the role of wildlife in the maintenance and spread of brucellosis. Methods In this study, a set of methods, including a serology survey, bacteriology, antibiotic susceptibility, molecular genotyping (MLST and MLVA), and genome sequencing, were employed to characterize the two B. abortus strains. Results The seroprevalence of brucellosis in marmots was 7.0% (80/1146) by serum tube agglutination test (SAT); one Brucella strain was recovered from these positive samples, and another Brucella strain from a human. Two strains were identified as B. abortus bv. 1 and were susceptible to all eight drugs examined. The distribution patterns of the accessory genes, virulence associated genes, and resistance genes of the two strains were consistent, and there was excellent collinearity between the two strains on chromosome I, but they had significant SVs in chromosome II, including inversions and translocations. MLST genotyping identified two B. abortus strains as ST2, and MLVA-16 analysis showed that the two strains clustered with strains from northern China. WGS-SNP phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains were genetically homogeneous with strains from the northern region, implying that strains from a common lineage were spread continuously in different regions and hosts. Conclusion Seroprevalence and molecular clues demonstrated frequent direct or indirect contact between sheep/goats, cattle, and marmots, implying that wildlife plays a vital role in the maintenance and spread of B. abortus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xue
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiquan Li
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuxin Yang
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Ren
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianling Wang
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanbo Zhao
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhao
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Papaparaskevas J, Procopiou A, Routsias J, Vrioni G, Tsakris A. Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes among Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus Clinical Isolates in Greece, 2001-2022. Pathogens 2023; 12:1274. [PMID: 38003739 PMCID: PMC10675282 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis remains an important zoonotic disease in several parts of the world; in Greece, although it is declining, it is still endemic, affecting both the financial and public health sectors. The current study was undertaken to investigate the presence and distribution of virulence-associated genes among Brucella spp. clinical strains isolated during 2001-2022. Species identification was performed using conventional methodology and Bruce-ladder PCR. The presence of the virulence genes mviN, manA, wbkA, perA, omp19, ure, cbg and virB was investigated using PCR. During the study period, a total of 334 Brucella isolates were identified, of which 328 (98.2%) were detected from positive blood cultures; 315 (94.3%) of the isolates were identified as B. melitensis, whilst the remaining 16 (4.8%) and 3 (0.9%) were identified as B. abortus and B. suis, respectively. Notably, two of the B. melitensis were assigned to the REV-1 vaccine strain type. The presence of the omp19, manA, mviN and perA genes was confirmed in all 315 B. melitensis isolates, while ure, wbkA, cbg and virB genes were detected in all but 9, 2, 1 and 1 of the isolates, respectively. All eight virulence genes were amplified in all B. abortus and B. suis isolates. The detection rate of virulence genes did not differ significantly among species. In conclusion, brucellosis is still considered a prevailing zoonotic disease in Greece, with the majority of the isolates identified as B. melitensis. The eight pathogenicity-associated genes were present in almost all Brucella isolates, although the ure gene was absent from a limited number of B. melitensis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgia Vrioni
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (J.P.); (A.P.); (J.R.); (A.T.)
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Celik E, Kayman T, Buyuk F, Gulmez Saglam A, Abay S, Akar M, Karakaya E, Balkan Bozlak CE, Coskun MR, Buyuk E, Celebi O, Sahin M, Saticioglu IB, Durhan S, Baykal A, Ersoy Y, Otlu S, Aydin F. The canonical Brucella species-host dependency is changing, however, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles remain unchanged. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106261. [PMID: 37488036 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a chronic disease caused by Brucella species with a wide range of hosts, from marine mammals to terrestrial species, but with strict host preferences. With the zoonotic character, the prevalence of human brucellosis cases is a reflection of animal infections. This study aimed to identify 192 Brucella isolates obtained from various sources by Bruce-ladder PCR and to determine their antibiotic susceptibilities by gradient diffusion method (E-test). As a result of the PCR, all human isolates (n = 57) were identified as B. melitensis. While 58 (82.9%) of the cattle isolates were identified as B. abortus, 59 (90.8%) of the sheep isolates were identified as B. melitensis. In addition, 12 (17.1%) of the cattle isolates and 6 (9.2%) of the sheep isolates were determined as B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. The primary host change behavior of B. melitensis was 1.9 times higher than that of B. abortus. While gentamicin and ciprofloxacin susceptibilities of Brucella isolates were 100%, tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin susceptibilities were 99%, 99%, 97.4%, 91.7% and 83.9%, respectively. The lowest sensitivity of the isolates was determined against to cefoperazone as 26%. A triple-drug resistance was detected in 1 B. abortus isolate that included simultaneous resistance to cefoperazone, rifampicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The high susceptibility profiles we found against to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, used widely in treatment, are encouraging. However, the change in the canonical Brucella species-primary host preference suggests the need to reconsider eradication program, including updating vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Celik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Aliye Gulmez Saglam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Secil Abay
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Emre Karakaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Eda Balkan Bozlak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Health Research and Application Hospital, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Reha Coskun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Eray Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mitat Sahin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seda Durhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Atakan Baykal
- Harakani Public Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Kars, Turkey
| | - Yaren Ersoy
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Salih Otlu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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