1
|
Kelly PH, Tan Y, Yan Q, Shafquat M, Davidson A, Xu Q, Major M, Halsby K, Grajales A, Davis J, Angulo FJ, Moïsi JC, Stark JH. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence in Ixodes scapularis from Canada: A thirty-year summary and meta-analysis (1990-2020). Acta Trop 2024; 256:107268. [PMID: 38782109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bb) are a complex of bacteria genospecies that can cause Lyme disease (LD) in humans after the bite of an infected Ixodes spp. vector tick. In Canada, incidence of LD is increasing in part due to the rapid geographic expansion of Ixodes scapularis across the southcentral and eastern provinces. To better understand temporal and spatial (provincial) prevalence of Bb infection of I. scapularis and how tick surveillance is utilized in Canada to assess LD risk, a literature review was conducted. Tick surveillance studies published between January 1975 to November 2023, that measured the prevalence of Bb in I. scapularis via "passive surveillance" from the public citizenry or "active surveillance" by drag or flag sampling of host-seeking ticks in Canada were included for review. Meta-analyses were conducted via random effects modeling. Forty-seven articles, yielding 26 passive and 28 active surveillance studies, met inclusion criteria. Mean durations of collection for I. scapularis were 2.1 years in active surveillance studies (1999-2020) and 5.5 years by passive surveillance studies (1990-2020). Collectively, data were extracted on 99,528 I. scapularis nymphs and adults collected between 1990-2020 across nine provinces, including Newfoundland & Labrador (33 ticks) and Alberta (208 ticks). More studies were conducted in Ontario (36) than any other province. Across nine provinces, the prevalence of Bb infection in I. scapularis collected by passive surveillance was 14.6% with the highest prevalence in Nova Scotia at 20.5% (minimum studies >1). Among host-seeking I. scapularis collected via active surveillance, Bb infection prevalence was 10.5% in nymphs, 31.9% in adults, and 23.8% across both life stages. Host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs and adults from Ontario had the highest Bb prevalence at 13.6% and 34.8%, respectively. Between 2007-2019, Bb infection prevalence in host-seeking I. scapularis was positively associated over time (p<0.001) which is concurrent with a ∼25-fold increase in the number of annually reported LD cases in Canada over the same period. The prevalence of Bb-infection in I. scapularis has rapidly increased over three decades as reported by tick surveillance studies in Canada which coincides with increasing human incidence for LD. The wide-ranging distribution and variable prevalence of Bb-infected I. scapularis ticks across provinces demonstrates the growing need for long-term standardized tick surveillance to monitor the changing trends in I. scapularis populations and best define LD risk areas in Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Kelly
- Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Antivirals Pfizer Inc., New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Ye Tan
- Medical Affairs, Evidence Generation Statistics Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qi Yan
- Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Antivirals Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Madiha Shafquat
- Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Antivirals Pfizer Inc., New York City, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Davidson
- Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Antivirals Pfizer Inc., New York City, NY, USA
| | - Qiaoyi Xu
- Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Antivirals Pfizer Inc., New York City, NY, USA
| | - Maria Major
- Vaccines Medical Affairs Pfizer Canada ULC, Kirkland, QC, Canada
| | - Kate Halsby
- Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Antivirals Pfizer Inc., Walton Oaks, Surrey, UK
| | - Ana Grajales
- Vaccines Medical Affairs Pfizer Canada ULC, Kirkland, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Davis
- Life Sciences, Clarivate Analytics, 3133 W. Frye Road Suite 401, Chandler, AZ, USA
| | - Frederick J Angulo
- Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Antivirals Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Moïsi
- Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Antivirals Pfizer Inc., Paris, France
| | - James H Stark
- Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Antivirals, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rousseau R, Mori M, Kabamba B, Vanwambeke SO. Tick abundance and infection with three zoonotic bacteria are heterogeneous in a Belgian peri-urban forest. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 93:49-69. [PMID: 38869724 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus is a vector of several pathogens of public health interest. While forests are the primary habitat for I. ricinus, its abundance and infection prevalence are expected to vary within forest stands. This study assesses the spatio-temporal variations in tick abundance and infection prevalence with three pathogens in and around a peri-urban forest where human exposure is high. Ticks were sampled multiple times in 2016 and 2018 in multiple locations with a diversity of undergrowth, using the consecutive drags method. Three zoonotic pathogens were screened for, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Coxiella burnetii, and Francisella tularensis. The influence of season, type of site and micro-environmental factors on tick abundance were assessed with negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects models. We collected 1642 nymphs and 181 adult ticks. Ticks were most abundant in the spring, in warmer temperatures, and where undergrowth was higher. Sites with vegetation unaffected by human presence had higher abundance of ticks. Forest undergrowth type and height were significant predictors of the level of tick abundance in a forest. The consecutive drags method is expected to provide more precise estimates of tick abundance, presumably through more varied contacts with foliage. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. prevalence was estimated from pooled ticks at 5.33%, C. burnetii was detected in six pools and F. tularensis was not detected. Borrelia afzelii was the dominant B. burgdorferi genospecies. Tick abundance and B. burgdorferi s.l. infection prevalence were lower than other estimates in Belgian forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Rousseau
- Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Earth and Climate pole (ELIC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marcella Mori
- Bacterial zoonoses unit, Veterinary bacteriology, Sciensano, Ukkel/Uccle, Belgium
| | - Benoît Kabamba
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Pôle de Microbiologie Médicale, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie O Vanwambeke
- Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Earth and Climate pole (ELIC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim KG, Hwang DJ, Park JW, Ryu MG, Kim Y, Yang SJ, Lee JE, Lee GS, Lee JH, Park JS, Seo JM, Kim SH. Distribution and pathogen prevalence of field-collected ticks from south-western Korea: a study from 2019 to 2022. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12336. [PMID: 38811622 PMCID: PMC11136998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hard ticks are known vectors of various pathogens, including the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Ehrlichia spp. This study aims to investigate the distribution and prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in southwestern Korea from 2019 to 2022. A total of 13,280 ticks were collected during the study period, with H. longicornis accounting for 86.1% of the collected ticks. H. flava, I. nipponensis and A. testudinarium comprised 9.4%, 3.6%, and 0.8% of the ticks, respectively. Among 983 pools tested, Rickettsia spp. (216 pools, 1.6% MIR) were the most prevalent pathogens across all tick species, with R. japonica and R. monacensis frequently detected in I. nipponensis and Haemaphysalis spp., respectively. Borrelia spp. (28 pools, 0.2% MIR) were predominantly detected in I. nipponensis (27 pools, 13.8% MIR, P < 0.001). Co-infections, mainly involving Rickettsia monacensis and Borrelia afzelii, were detected in I. nipponensis. Notably, this study identified R. monacensis for the first time in A. testudinarium in South Korea. These findings offer valuable insights into the tick population and associated pathogens in the region, underscoring the importance of tick-borne disease surveillance and prevention measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Gon Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da Jeong Hwang
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wook Park
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Geum Ryu
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jin Yang
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Seong Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hye Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mi Seo
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, 584 Mugindae-ro, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61954, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng TL, Kamar AH, Mohamed M, Gilbert B, Mohd Sani NI, C.W. Zalati CS, Hamdan RH, Samoh A, Loong SK. Molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. in bat flies in east coast Malaysia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29785. [PMID: 38699006 PMCID: PMC11064076 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bats are a significant reservoir for numerous pathogens, including Bartonella spp. It is one of the emerging zoonotic bacterial diseases that can be transmitted to humans and may cause various unspecific clinical manifestations. Thus, bartonellosis is rarely diagnosed and is regarded as a neglected vector-borne disease (VBD). Bat flies have been hypothesised to be a vector in the transmission of pathogens among bats. They are host-specific, which reduces the likelihood of pathogen transmission across bat species; however, they are likely to maintain high pathogen loads within their host species. To explore the presence of Bartonella spp. in bat flies from Peninsular Malaysia; bat fly samples collected from various sites at the east coast states were subjected to molecular detection for Bartonella spp. It was discovered that 38.7 % of bats from Terengganu and Kelantan were infested with bat flies; however, no bat fly was found in bats collected from Pahang. The collected bat flies belonged to the families Nycteribiidae (79.6 %) and Streblidae (20.4 %). The collected bat flies were pooled according to the locations and species into 39 pools. Out of these 39 pools, 66.7 % (n = 26) were positive for Bartonella spp. by PCR. Sequence analyses of five randomly selected PCR-positive pools revealed that pools from Kelantan (n = 3) have the closest sequence identities (99 %) to Bartonella spp. strain Lisso-Nig-922 from Nigeria. However, the other pools from Terengganu (n = 2) were closely related to Bartonella spp. strain KP277 from Thailand and Bartonella spp. strain Rhin-3 from the Republic of Georgia with 99 % and 100 % sequence identity, respectively. This suggests that the Bartonella spp. found in Malaysian bat flies are genetically diverse and can potentially serve as reservoirs for pathogenic Bartonella spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li Peng
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azra Hafizah Kamar
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maizan Mohamed
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Brenda Gilbert
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nani Izreen Mohd Sani
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - C.W. Salma C.W. Zalati
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ruhil Hayati Hamdan
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdulloh Samoh
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkhla University, Hat Yai Campus, Kho Hong, 90112, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Shih Keng Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diakou A. Biting Back: Advances in Fighting Ticks and Understanding Tick-Borne Pathogens. Pathogens 2024; 13:73. [PMID: 38251380 PMCID: PMC10819772 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods and obligate ectoparasites of virtually all animal species (except fish) and humans [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Diakou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|