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Mammalian animal models for dengue virus infection: a recent overview. Arch Virol 2021; 167:31-44. [PMID: 34761286 PMCID: PMC8579898 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue, a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne human viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), is a public health concern in tropical and subtropical areas due to its expanding geographical range. DENV can cause a wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, ranging from asymptomatic infection or mild dengue fever (DF) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is caused by four DENV serotypes; however, dengue pathogenesis is complex and poorly understood. Establishing a useful animal model that can exhibit dengue-fever-like signs similar to those in humans is essential to improve our understanding of the host response and pathogenesis of DENV. Although several animal models, including mouse models, non-human primate models, and a recently reported tree shrew model, have been investigated for DENV infection, animal models with clinical signs that are similar to those of DF in humans have not yet been established. Although animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of DENV infection and for drug and vaccine development, each animal model has its own strengths and limitations. Therefore, in this review, we provide a recent overview of animal models for DENV infection and pathogenesis, focusing on studies of the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect in animal models.
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Brazilian Dengue Virus Type 2-Associated Renal Involvement in a Murine Model: Outcomes after Infection by Two Lineages of the Asian/American Genotype. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091084. [PMID: 34578117 PMCID: PMC8467194 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) is, traditionally, the most studied serotype due to its association with explosive outbreaks and severe cases. In Brazil, almost 20 years after the first introduction in the 1990s, a new lineage (Lineage II) of the DENV-2 Asian/American genotype emerged and caused an epidemic with severe cases and hospitalizations. Severe dengue includes multiple organ failure, and renal involvement can be potentially related to increased mortality. In order to better understand the role of DENV infection in renal injury, here we aimed to investigate the outcomes of infection with two distinct lineages of DENV-2 Asian/American genotype in the kidney of a murine model. BALB/c mice were infected with Lineages I and II and tissues were submitted to histopathology, immunohistochemistry, histomorphometry and ultrastructural analysis. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was detected in blood sample accessed by cardiac puncture. A tendency in kidney weight increase was observed in mice infected with both lineages, but urea levels, on average, were increased only in mice infected with Lineage II. The DENV antigen was detected in the tissue of mice infected with Lineage II and morphological changes were similar to those observed in human dengue cases. Furthermore, the parameters such as organ weight, urea levels and morphometric analysis, showed significant differences between the two lineages in the infected BALB/c, which was demonstrated to be a suitable experimental model for dengue pathophysiology studies in kidneys.
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Humaidi M, Tien WP, Yap G, Chua CR, Ng LC. Non-Invasive Dengue Diagnostics-The Use of Saliva and Urine for Different Stages of the Illness. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081345. [PMID: 34441280 PMCID: PMC8393275 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue diagnosis is largely dependent on clinical symptoms and routinely confirmed with laboratory detection of dengue virus in patient serum samples collected via phlebotomy. This presents a challenge to patients not amenable to venipuncture. Non-invasive methods of dengue diagnosis have the potential to enhance the current dengue detection algorithm. In this study, samples from dengue infected patients were collected between January 2012 until September 2012 and September 2013 until December 2013 in two different setups. Panel A samples (blood, urine, and saliva) were collected daily when the 39 patients were hospitalised and during their follow-up visits while Panel B samples (saliva) were collected from 23 patients during the acute stage of dengue. Using DENV PCR on Panel A, from day 2 to day 4 post fever onset, serum showed the best overall positivity followed by saliva and urine (100%/82.1%/67.9%). From day 5 until day 10 post fever onset, serum and urine had similar positivity (67.4%/61.2%), followed by saliva (51.3%). Beyond day 10 post fever onset, DENV was undetectable in sera, but urine and saliva showed 56.8% and 28.6% positivity, respectively. DENV in urine was detectable up until 32 days post fever. Panel B results showed overall sensitivity of 32.4%/36% (RNA/NS1) for DENV detection in saliva. Our results suggest that the urine-based detection method is useful especially for late dengue detection, where DENV is undetected in sera but still detectable in urine. This provides a potential tool for the physician to pick up new cases in an area where there is ongoing dengue transmission and subsequently prompt for intensified vector control activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahathir Humaidi
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (W.P.T.); (G.Y.); (C.R.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (L.C.N.)
| | - Wei Ping Tien
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (W.P.T.); (G.Y.); (C.R.C.)
| | - Grace Yap
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (W.P.T.); (G.Y.); (C.R.C.)
| | - Choon Rong Chua
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (W.P.T.); (G.Y.); (C.R.C.)
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (W.P.T.); (G.Y.); (C.R.C.)
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (L.C.N.)
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Non-Human Primate Models of Dengue Virus Infection: A Comparison of Viremia Levels and Antibody Responses during Primary and Secondary Infection among Old World and New World Monkeys. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040247. [PMID: 32230836 PMCID: PMC7238212 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the global burden of dengue disease, a vaccine is urgently needed. One of the key points in vaccine development is the development of a robust and reliable animal model of dengue virus infection. Characteristics including the ability to sustain viral replication, demonstration of clinical signs, and immune response that resemble those of human dengue virus infection are vital in animal models. Preclinical studies in vaccine development usually include parameters such as safety evaluation, induction of viremia and antigenemia, immunogenicity, and vaccine effectiveness. Although mice have been used as a model, non-human primates have an advantage over mice because of their relative similarity to humans in their genetic composition and immune responses. This review compares the viremia kinetics and antibody responses of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fasicularis), common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), and tamarins (Saguinus midas and Saguinus labitus) and summarize the perspectives and the usefulness along with challenges in dengue vaccine development.
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[Development of in-vitro and in-vivo assays for dengue vaccine and therapeutics evaluation, and pathogenesis studies]. Uirusu 2019; 69:91-98. [PMID: 32938898 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.69.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Stabell AC, Meyerson NR, Gullberg RC, Gilchrist AR, Webb KJ, Old WM, Perera R, Sawyer SL. Dengue viruses cleave STING in humans but not in nonhuman primates, their presumed natural reservoir. eLife 2018; 7:31919. [PMID: 29557779 PMCID: PMC5860865 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dengue viruses emerged from primate reservoirs, yet paradoxically dengue does not reach high titers in primate models. This presents a unique opportunity to examine the genetics of spillover versus reservoir hosts. The dengue virus 2 (DENV2) - encoded protease cleaves human STING, reducing type I interferon production and boosting viral titers in humans. We find that both human and sylvatic (reservoir) dengue viruses universally cleave human STING, but not the STING of primates implicated as reservoir species. The special ability of dengue to cleave STING is thus specific to humans and a few closely related ape species. Conversion of residues 78/79 to the human-encoded 'RG' renders all primate (and mouse) STINGs sensitive to viral cleavage. Dengue viruses may have evolved to increase viral titers in the dense and vast human population, while maintaining decreased titers and pathogenicity in the more rare animals that serve as their sustaining reservoir in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Stabell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Nicholas R Meyerson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Rebekah C Gullberg
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Alison R Gilchrist
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Kristofor J Webb
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - William M Old
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Rushika Perera
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Sara L Sawyer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
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Moi ML, Takasaki T, Omatsu T, Nakamura S, Katakai Y, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, Saijo M, Akari H, Kurane I. Demonstration of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a non-human primate model for secondary dengue virus infection: high levels of viraemia and serotype cross-reactive antibody responses consistent with secondary infection of humans. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:591-600. [PMID: 24323638 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.060384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Primary infection with one does not confer protective immunity against the others. We have reported previously that the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a useful primary DENV infection model. It has been reported that secondary DENV infection with a heterotypic serotype induces viraemia kinetics and antibody responses that differ from those in primary infection. Thus, it is important to determine the utility of the marmoset as a model for secondary DENV infection. Marmosets were infected with heterologous DENV by secondary inoculation, and viraemia kinetics and antibody responses were analysed. The marmosets consistently developed high levels of viraemia after the secondary inoculation with heterologous DENV serotypes. IgM responses were lower compared with primary inoculation responses, whilst IgG responses were rapid and high. Neutralizing activities, which possessed serotype cross-reactive activities, were detected as early as 4 days after inoculation. In addition, infectious viraemia titres were higher when assayed with Fcγ receptor-expressing baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells than when assayed with conventional BHK cells, suggesting the presence of infectious virus-antibody immune complexes. After secondary infection with heterotypic DENV, the marmosets demonstrated viraemia kinetics, IgM and IgG responses, and high levels of serotype cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses, all of which were consistent with secondary DENV infection in humans. The results indicate the marmoset as a useful animal for studying secondary, as well as primary, DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ling Moi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- Laboratory of Disease Control, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzaki
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Section of Comparative Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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