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Lin L, Luo Q, Li L, Zheng Y, Wei H, Liao J, Liu Y, Liu M, Wang Z, Lin W, Zou X, Zhu H, Lin M. Recombinase polymerase amplification combined with Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute for fast Salmonella spp. testing in food safety. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 417:110697. [PMID: 38642433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne illness caused by Salmonella spp. is one of the most prevalent public health problems globally, which have brought immeasurable economic burden and social impact to countries around the world. Neither current nucleic acid amplification detection method nor standard culture method (2-3 days) are suitable for field detection in areas with a heavy burden of Salmonella spp. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and accurate assay for Salmonella spp. detection in less than 40 min. Specifically, the invA gene of Salmonella spp. was amplified by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), followed by Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo)-based target sequence cleavage, which could be observed by a fluorescence reader or the naked eye. The assay offered the lowest detectable concentration of 1.05 × 101 colony forming units/mL (CFU/mL). This assay had strong specificity and high sensitivity for the detection of Salmonella spp. in field samples, which indicated the feasibility of this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiulan Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liejun Li
- Guangdong Hybribio Biotech Co., Ltd., Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huagui Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiayu Liao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaqun Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mouquan Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhonghe Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wanling Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianghui Zou
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Chen G, Lin M, Chen Y, Xu W, Zhang H. Induction of a Viable but Nonculturable State, Thermal and Sanitizer Tolerance, and Gene Expression Correlation with Desiccation-Adapted Biofilm and Planktonic Salmonella in Powdered Infant Formula. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1194-1201. [PMID: 33770177 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the physiological state, desiccation adaptation, and storage of powdered infant formula on Salmonella cell survival and expression of desiccation stress-related genes. Powdered infant formula was inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium in the biofilm state on beads and in the planktonic state on nitrocellulose filters and stored at 25°C for up to 270 days. Both 5-cyano-2,3-ditoyl tetrazolium chloride flow cytometry and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar plate counts revealed that biofilm-forming Salmonella cells tended to enter the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state (P < 0.05). The population reduction of all desiccation-adapted Salmonella Typhimurium decreased significantly in both physiological states after exposure to mild heat (60°C) compared with nonadapted control cells (P < 0.05). Salmonella cells were cross-protected from heat in both physiological states, but cross-protection against hydrogen peroxide was induced for only planktonic Salmonella cells. The reverse transcription quantitative PCR results revealed that the rpoS gene in biofilm Salmonella cells on all desiccation adaption days and in planktonic Salmonella cells on day 7 of dry storage was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). The rpoE, grpE, and invA genes in Salmonella cells in both physiological states were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). Physiological state and storage time might affect expression of these genes. Prior exposure to adverse conditions, including low water activity, and the physiological state impacted Salmonella survival, and its ability to enter the VBNC state and gene expression. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiliu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhe Lin
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Xu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Hu S, Yu Y, Lv Z, Shen J, Ke Y, Xiao X. Proteomics study unveils ROS balance in acid-adapted Salmonella Enteritidis. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103585. [PMID: 32950169 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and is thus a persistent threat to global public health. The acid adaptation response helps Salmonella survive exposure to gastric environment during ingestion. In a previous study we highlighted the damage caused to cell membrane and the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S. Enteritidis. In this study, we applied both physiologic and iTRAQ analyses to explore the regulatory mechanism of acid resistance in Salmonella. It was found that after S. Enteritidis was subject to a 1 h period of acid adaptation at pH 5.5, an additional 1 h period of acid shock stress at pH 3.0 caused less Salmonella cell death than in non-acid adapted Salmonella cells. Although there were no significant differences between adapted and non-adapted cells in terms of cell membrane damage (e.g., membrane permeability or lipid peroxidation) after 30 min, intracellular ROS level in acid adapted cells was dramatically reduced compared to that in non-acid adapted cells, indicating that acid adaption promoted less ROS generation or increased the ability of ROS scavenging with little reduction in the integrity of the cell membrane. These findings were confirmed via an iTRAQ analysis. The adapted cells were shown to trigger incorporation of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into the cellular membrane, resulting in a different membrane lipid profile and promoting survival rate under acid stress. S. Enteritidis experiences oxidative damage and iron deficiency under acid stress, but after acid adaption S. Enteritidis cells were able to balance their concentrations of intracellular ROS. Specifically, SodAB consumed the free protons responsible for forming reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and KatE protected cells from the toxic effects of ROIs. Additionally, acid-labile proteins released free unbound iron promoting ferroptotic metabolism, and NADH reduced GSSH to G-SH, protecting cells from acid/oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10083, PR China
| | - Yigang Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, PR China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10083, PR China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China.
| | - Xinglong Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510640, PR China.
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