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Malouli D, Tiwary M, Gilbride RM, Morrow DW, Hughes CM, Selseth A, Penney T, Castanha P, Wallace M, Yeung Y, Midgett M, Williams C, Reed J, Yu Y, Gao L, Yun G, Treaster L, Laughlin A, Lundy J, Tisoncik-Go J, Whitmore LS, Aye PP, Schiro F, Dufour JP, Papen CR, Taher H, Picker LJ, Früh K, Gale M, Maness NJ, Hansen SG, Barratt-Boyes S, Reed DS, Sacha JB. Cytomegalovirus vaccine vector-induced effector memory CD4 + T cells protect cynomolgus macaques from lethal aerosolized heterologous avian influenza challenge. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6007. [PMID: 39030218 PMCID: PMC11272155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
An influenza vaccine approach that overcomes the problem of viral sequence diversity and provides long-lived heterosubtypic protection is urgently needed to protect against pandemic influenza viruses. Here, to determine if lung-resident effector memory T cells induced by cytomegalovirus (CMV)-vectored vaccines expressing conserved internal influenza antigens could protect against lethal influenza challenge, we immunize Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) with cynomolgus CMV (CyCMV) vaccines expressing H1N1 1918 influenza M1, NP, and PB1 antigens (CyCMV/Flu), and challenge with heterologous, aerosolized avian H5N1 influenza. All six unvaccinated MCM died by seven days post infection with acute respiratory distress, while 54.5% (6/11) CyCMV/Flu-vaccinated MCM survived. Survival correlates with the magnitude of lung-resident influenza-specific CD4 + T cells prior to challenge. These data demonstrate that CD4 + T cells targeting conserved internal influenza proteins can protect against highly pathogenic heterologous influenza challenge and support further exploration of effector memory T cell-based vaccines for universal influenza vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malouli
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Meenakshi Tiwary
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Roxanne M Gilbride
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - David W Morrow
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Colette M Hughes
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Andrea Selseth
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Toni Penney
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Priscila Castanha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Wallace
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yulia Yeung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Connor Williams
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason Reed
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Yun Yu
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Lina Gao
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Gabin Yun
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luke Treaster
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leanne S Whitmore
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jason P Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Courtney R Papen
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Husam Taher
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Jonah B Sacha
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
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Kanekiyo M, Gillespie RA, Midgett M, O’Malley KJ, Williams C, Moin SM, Wallace M, Treaster L, Cooper K, Syeda H, Kettenburg G, Rannulu H, Schmer T, Ortiz L, Da Silva Castanha P, Corry J, Xia M, Olsen E, Perez D, Yun G, Graham BS, Barratt-Boyes SM, Reed DS. Refined semi-lethal aerosol H5N1 influenza model in cynomolgus macaques for evaluation of medical countermeasures. iScience 2023; 26:107830. [PMID: 37766976 PMCID: PMC10520834 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses cause high mortality in humans and have pandemic potential. Effective vaccines and treatments against this threat are urgently needed. Here, we have refined our previously established model of lethal H5N1 infection in cynomolgus macaques. An inhaled aerosol virus dose of 5.1 log10 plaque-forming unit (pfu) induced a strong febrile response and acute respiratory disease, with four out of six macaques succumbing after challenge. Vaccination with three doses of adjuvanted seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine elicited low but detectable neutralizing antibody to H5N1. All six vaccinated macaques survived four times the 50% lethal dose of aerosolized H5N1, while four of six unvaccinated controls succumbed to disease. Although vaccination did not protect against severe influenza, vaccinees had reduced respiratory dysfunction and lower viral load in airways compared to controls. We anticipate that our macaque model will play a vital role in evaluating vaccines and antivirals against influenza pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kanekiyo
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Gillespie
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan Midgett
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Connor Williams
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Syed M. Moin
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan Wallace
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luke Treaster
- Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristine Cooper
- Biostatistics Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hubza Syeda
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gwenddolen Kettenburg
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hasala Rannulu
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tabitha Schmer
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Ortiz
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Corry
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mengying Xia
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Olsen
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gabin Yun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon M. Barratt-Boyes
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Douglas S. Reed
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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The utilization of advance telemetry to investigate critical physiological parameters including electroencephalography in cynomolgus macaques following aerosol challenge with eastern equine encephalitis virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009424. [PMID: 34138849 PMCID: PMC8259972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most alphaviruses are mosquito-borne and can cause severe disease in humans and domesticated animals. In North America, eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an important human pathogen with case fatality rates of 30–90%. Currently, there are no therapeutics or vaccines to treat and/or prevent human infection. One critical impediment in countermeasure development is the lack of insight into clinically relevant parameters in a susceptible animal model. This study examined the disease course of EEEV in a cynomolgus macaque model utilizing advanced telemetry technology to continuously and simultaneously measure temperature, respiration, activity, heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG), and electroencephalography (EEG) following an aerosol challenge at 7.0 log10 PFU. Following challenge, all parameters were rapidly and substantially altered with peak alterations from baseline ranged as follows: temperature (+3.0–4.2°C), respiration rate (+56–128%), activity (-15-76% daytime and +5–22% nighttime), heart rate (+67–190%), systolic (+44–67%) and diastolic blood pressure (+45–80%). Cardiac abnormalities comprised of alterations in QRS and PR duration, QTc Bazett, T wave morphology, amplitude of the QRS complex, and sinoatrial arrest. An unexpected finding of the study was the first documented evidence of a critical cardiac event as an immediate cause of euthanasia in one NHP. All brain waves were rapidly (~12–24 hpi) and profoundly altered with increases of up to 6,800% and severe diffuse slowing of all waves with decreases of ~99%. Lastly, all NHPs exhibited disruption of the circadian rhythm, sleep, and food/fluid intake. Accordingly, all NHPs met the euthanasia criteria by ~106–140 hpi. This is the first of its kind study utilizing state of the art telemetry to investigate multiple clinical parameters relevant to human EEEV infection in a susceptible cynomolgus macaque model. The study provides critical insights into EEEV pathogenesis and the parameters identified will improve animal model development to facilitate rapid evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics. In North America, EEEV causes the most severe mosquito-borne disease in humans highlighted by fatal encephalitis and permeant debilitating neurological sequelae in survivors. The first confirmed human cases were reported more than 80 years ago and since then multiple sporadic outbreaks have occurred including one of the largest in 2019. Unfortunately, most human infections are diagnosed at the on-set of severe neurological symptoms and consequently a detailed disease course in humans is lacking. This gap in knowledge is a significant obstacle in the development of appropriate animal models to evaluate countermeasures. Here, we performed a cutting-edge study by utilizing a new telemetry technology to understand the course of EEEV infection in a susceptible macaque model by measuring multiple physiological parameters relevant to human disease. Our study demonstrates that the infection rapidly produces considerable alterations in many critical parameters including the electrical activity of the heart and the brain leading to severe disease. The study also highlights the extraordinary potential of new telemetry technology to develop the next generation of animal models to comprehensively investigate pathogenesis as well as evaluate countermeasures to treat and/or prevent EEEV disease.
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Albe JR, Ma H, Gilliland TH, McMillen CM, Gardner CL, Boyles DA, Cottle EL, Dunn MD, Lundy JD, O’Malley KJ, Salama N, Walters AW, Pandrea I, Teichert T, Klimstra WB, Reed DS, Hartman AL. Physiological and immunological changes in the brain associated with lethal eastern equine encephalitis virus in macaques. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009308. [PMID: 33534855 PMCID: PMC7886169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol exposure to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) can trigger a lethal viral encephalitis in cynomolgus macaques which resembles severe human disease. Biomarkers indicative of central nervous system (CNS) infection by the virus and lethal outcome of disease would be useful in evaluating potential medical countermeasures, especially for therapeutic compounds. To meet requirements of the Animal Rule, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of EEEV-mediated disease in cynomolgus macaques is needed. In this study, macaques given a lethal dose of clone-derived EEEV strain V105 developed a fever between 2-3 days post infection (dpi) and succumbed to the disease by 6 dpi. At the peak of the febrile phase, there was a significant increase in the delta electroencephalography (EEG) power band associated with deep sleep as well as a sharp rise in intracranial pressure (ICP). Viremia peaked early after infection and was largely absent by the onset of fever. Granulocytosis and elevated plasma levels of IP-10 were found early after infection. At necropsy, there was a one hundred- to one thousand-fold increase in expression of traumatic brain injury genes (LIF, MMP-9) as well as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6) in the brain tissues. Phenotypic analysis of leukocytes entering the brain identified cells as primarily lymphoid (T, B, NK cells) with lower levels of infiltrating macrophages and activated microglia. Massive amounts of infectious virus were found in the brains of lethally-infected macaques. While no infectious virus was found in surviving macaques, quantitative PCR did find evidence of viral genomes in the brains of several survivors. These data are consistent with an overwhelming viral infection in the CNS coupled with a tremendous inflammatory response to the infection that may contribute to the disease outcome. Physiological monitoring of EEG and ICP represent novel methods for assessing efficacy of vaccines or therapeutics in the cynomolgus macaque model of EEEV encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Albe
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Henry Ma
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Theron H. Gilliland
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. McMillen
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christina L. Gardner
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Devin A. Boyles
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emily L. Cottle
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Dunn
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeneveve D. Lundy
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. O’Malley
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Noah Salama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aaron W. Walters
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tobias Teichert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William B. Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WBK); (DSR); (ALH)
| | - Douglas S. Reed
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WBK); (DSR); (ALH)
| | - Amy L. Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WBK); (DSR); (ALH)
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5
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Ma H, Lundy JD, Cottle EL, O’Malley KJ, Trichel AM, Klimstra WB, Hartman AL, Reed DS, Teichert T. Applications of minimally invasive multimodal telemetry for continuous monitoring of brain function and intracranial pressure in macaques with acute viral encephalitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232381. [PMID: 32584818 PMCID: PMC7316240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) are arboviruses that can cause severe zoonotic disease in humans. Both VEEV and EEEV are highly infectious when aerosolized and can be used as biological weapons. Vaccines and therapeutics are urgently needed, but efficacy determination requires animal models. The cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) provides a relevant model of human disease, but questions remain whether vaccines or therapeutics can mitigate CNS infection or disease in this model. The documentation of alphavirus encephalitis in animals relies on traditional physiological biomarkers and behavioral/neurological observations by veterinary staff; quantitative measurements such as electroencephalography (EEG) and intracranial pressure (ICP) can recapitulate underlying encephalitic processes. We detail a telemetry implantation method suitable for continuous monitoring of both EEG and ICP in awake macaques, as well as methods for collection and analysis of such data. We sought to evaluate whether changes in EEG/ICP suggestive of CNS penetration by virus would be seen after aerosol exposure of naïve macaques to VEEV IC INH9813 or EEEV V105 strains compared to mock-infection in a cohort of twelve adult cynomolgus macaques. Data collection ran continuously from at least four days preceding aerosol exposure and up to 50 days thereafter. EEG signals were processed into frequency spectrum bands (delta: [0.4 - 4Hz); theta: [4 - 8Hz); alpha: [8-12Hz); beta: [12-30] Hz) and assessed for viral encephalitis-associated changes against robust background circadian variation while ICP data was assessed for signal fidelity, circadian variability, and for meaningful differences during encephalitis. Results indicated differences in delta, alpha, and beta band magnitude in infected macaques, disrupted circadian rhythm, and proportional increases in ICP in response to alphavirus infection. This novel enhancement of the cynomolgus macaque model offers utility for timely determination of onset, severity, and resolution of encephalitic disease and for the evaluation of vaccine and therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ma
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeneveve D. Lundy
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emily L. Cottle
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. O’Malley
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anita M. Trichel
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William B. Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Douglas S. Reed
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tobias Teichert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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6
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Tretyakova I, Plante KS, Rossi SL, Lawrence WS, Peel JE, Gudjohnsen S, Wang E, Mirchandani D, Tibbens A, Lamichhane TN, Lukashevich IS, Comer JE, Weaver SC, Pushko P. Venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccine with rearranged genome resists reversion and protects non-human primates from viremia after aerosol challenge. Vaccine 2020; 38:3378-3386. [PMID: 32085953 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Live-attenuated V4020 vaccine for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) containing attenuating rearrangement of the virus structural genes was evaluated in a non-human primate model for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against aerosol challenge with wild-type VEEV. The genomic RNA of V4020 vaccine virus was encoded in the pMG4020 plasmid under control of the CMV promoter and contained the capsid gene downstream from the glycoprotein genes. It also included attenuating mutations from the VEE TC83 vaccine, with E2-120Arg substitution genetically engineered to prevent reversion mutations. The population of V4020 vaccine virus derived from pMG4020-transfected Vero cells was characterized by next generation sequencing (NGS) and indicated no detectable genetic reversions. Cynomolgus macaques were vaccinated with V4020 vaccine virus. After one or two vaccinations including by intramuscular route, high levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies were confirmed with no viremia or apparent adverse reactions to vaccinations. The protective effect of vaccination was evaluated using an aerosol challenge with VEEV. After challenge, macaques had no detectable viremia, demonstrating a protective effect of vaccination with live V4020 VEEV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shannan L Rossi
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - William S Lawrence
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Peel
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sif Gudjohnsen
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Eryu Wang
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Divya Mirchandani
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Tibbens
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Tek N Lamichhane
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jason E Comer
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
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