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Chuprom J, Sangkanu S, Mitsuwan W, Boonhok R, Mahabusarakam W, Singh LR, Dumkliang E, Jitrangsri K, Paul AK, Surinkaew S, Wilairatana P, Pereira MDL, Rahmatullah M, Wiart C, Oliveira SMR, Nissapatorn V. Anti- Acanthamoeba activity of a semi-synthetic mangostin derivative and its ability in removal of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 on contact lens. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14468. [PMID: 36523474 PMCID: PMC9745913 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L., also known as the mangosteen tree, is a native medicinal plant in Southeast Asia having a wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds, including xanthonoid mangostin. In this study, we examined the pharmacological activities of the selected semi-synthetic mangostin derivative, namely, amoebicidal activity, encystation inhibition, excystation activity, and removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of contact lens (CL). Among the three derivatives, C1 exhibited promising anti-Acanthamoeba activity against Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 trophozoites and cysts. SEM images displayed morphological changes in Acanthamoeba trophozoites, including the loss of acanthopodia, pore formation in the cell membrane, and membrane damage. In addition, the treated cyst was shrunken and adopted an irregular flat cyst shape. Under a fluorescence microscope, acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining revealed C1 induced condensation of cytoplasm and chromatin with the loss of cell volume in the treated trophozoites, while calcofluor white staining demonstrated the leakage of cell wall in treated cysts, leading to cell death. Interestingly, at the concentration ranges in which C1 showed the anti-Acanthamoeba effects (IC50 values ranging from 0.035-0.056 mg/mL), they were not toxic to Vero cells. C1 displayed the highest inhibitory effect on A. triangularis encystation at 1/16×MIC value (0.004 mg/mL). While C1 demonstrated the excystation activity at 1/128×MIC value with a high rate of 89.47%. Furthermore, C1 exhibited the removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of CL comparable with commercial multipurpose solutions (MPSs). Based on the results obtained, C1 may be a promising lead agent to develop a therapeutic for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections and disinfectant solutions for CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julalak Chuprom
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,School of Languages and General Education (SOLGEN), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Sangkanu
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Wilawan Mahabusarakam
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - L. Ravithej Singh
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR–Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India,Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ekachai Dumkliang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kritamorn Jitrangsri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Sirirat Surinkaew
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Christophe Wiart
- The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kin-abalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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The Anti-Amoebic Activity of a Peptidomimetic against Acanthamoeba castellanii. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122377. [PMID: 36557630 PMCID: PMC9782699 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba is a free-living protozoan known to cause keratitis most commonly, especially among contact lens wearers. Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis is challenging as Acanthamoeba can encyst from the active form, a trophozoite, into a hibernating cyst that is refractory to antibiotics and difficult to kill; therefore, there is a need for more effective anti-amoebic strategies. In this study, we have evaluated the anti-amoebic activity of the antimicrobial peptide mimic RK-758 against Acanthamoeba castellanii. RK-758 peptidomimetic was subjected to biological assays to investigate its amoebicidal, amoebistatic, anti-encystation, and anti-excystation effects on A. castellanii. The anti-amoebic activity of the peptide mimic RK-758 was compared with chlorhexidine against the Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC30868 and Acanthamoeba castellanii 044 (a clinical strain) with the concentrations of both ranging from 125 µM down to 7.81 µM. All experiments were performed in duplicate with three independent replicates. The data were represented as mean ± SE and analysed using a two-sample t-test and two-tailed distributions. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The peptidomimetic RK-758 had anti-Acanthamoeba activity against both trophozoites and cysts in a dose-dependent manner. The RK-758 had amoebicidal and growth inhibitory activities of ≥50% at a concentration between 125 µM and 15.6 µM against the trophozoites of both Acanthamoeba strains. Inhibitory effects on the cyst formation and trophozoite re-emergence from cysts were noted at similar concentrations. Chlorhexidine had 50% activity at 7.81 µM and above against the trophozoites and cysts of both strains. In the haemolysis assay, the RK-758 lysed horse RBCs at concentrations greater than 50 µM whereas lysis occurred at concentrations greater than 125 µM for the chlorhexidine. The peptidomimetic RK-758, therefore, has activity against both the trophozoite and cyst forms of Acanthamoeba and has the potential to be further developed as an anti-microbial agent against Acanthamoeba. RK-758 may also have use as an anti-amoebic disinfectant in contact lens solutions.
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Antiamoebic Properties of Ceftriaxone and Zinc-Oxide-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Ceftriaxone. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121721. [PMID: 36551378 PMCID: PMC9774710 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba capable of instigating keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in humans. Treatment remains limited and inconsistent. Accordingly, there is a pressing need for novel compounds. Nanotechnology has been gaining attention for enhancing drug delivery and reducing toxicity. Previous work has shown that various antibiotic classes displayed antiamoebic activity. Herein, we employed two antibiotics: ampicillin and ceftriaxone, conjugated with the nanocarrier zinc oxide and β-cyclodextrin, and tested them against A. castellanii via amoebicidal, amoebistatic, encystment, excystment, cytopathogenicity, and cytotoxicity assays at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Notably, zinc oxide β-cyclodextrin ceftriaxone significantly inhibited A. castellanii growth and cytopathogenicity. Additionally, both zinc oxide β-cyclodextrin ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone markedly inhibited A. castellanii encystment. Furthermore, all the tested compounds displayed negligible cytotoxicity. However, minimal anti-excystment or amoebicidal effects were observed for the compounds. Accordingly, this novel nanoconjugation should be employed in further studies in hope of discovering novel anti-Acanthamoeba compounds.
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The Activity of Polyhomoarginine against Acanthamoeba castellanii. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121726. [PMID: 36552236 PMCID: PMC9774714 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-rich peptides can have broad-spectrum anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Polyhomoarginine consists of highly cationic residues which can act on the negatively charged microbial cell membranes. Acanthamoeba is a free-living protozoan known to cause a rare corneal infection which is difficult to diagnose and treat. This study evaluated the activity of the polyhomoarginines against Acanthamoeba castellanii. Acanthamoeba amoebicidal, amoebistatic, encystation and excystment assays were performed using protocols described in the literature. The activity of polyhomoarginines (PHAs) of different lengths (10 to 400 residues) was measured against the trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC30868 in concentrations ranging from 0.93 μM to 15 μM. Data were represented as mean ± SE and analysed using one-way ANOVA. Overall, PHAs demonstrated good anti-acanthamoeba activity against both trophozoites and cysts. PHA 30 reduced the number of viable trophozoites by 99%, inhibited the formation of cysts by 96% and the emergence of trophozoites from cysts by 67% at 3.75 μM. PHA 10 was similarly active, but at a slightly higher concentration of 15 μM, reducing the numbers of viable trophozoites by 98%, inhibiting cyst formation by 84% and preventing the emergence of trophozoites from cysts by 99%. At their greatest anti-amoeba concentrations, PHA 10 gave only 8% haemolysis at 15 μM while PHA 30 gave <40 % haemolysis at 3.75 μM. Polyhomoarginine 10 showed excellent anti-amoebic activity against both forms of Acanthamoeba castellanii and was non-toxic at its most active concentrations. This implies that polyhomoarginines can be developed into a potential therapeutic agent for Acanthamoeba keratitis. However, there is a need to carry out further pre-clinical and then in vivo experiments in the AK animal model.
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Ma Y, Lin W, Ruan Y, Lu H, Fan S, Chen D, Huang Y, Zhang T, Pi J, Xu JF. Advances of Cobalt Nanomaterials as Anti-Infection Agents, Drug Carriers, and Immunomodulators for Potential Infectious Disease Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112351. [PMID: 36365168 PMCID: PMC9696703 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain the most serious public health issue, which requires the development of more effective strategies for infectious control. As a kind of ultra-trace element, cobalt is essential to the metabolism of different organisms. In recent decades, nanotechnology has attracted increasing attention worldwide due to its wide application in different areas, including medicine. Based on the important biological roles of cobalt, cobalt nanomaterials have recently been widely developed for their attractive biomedical applications. With advantages such as low costs in preparation, hypotoxicity, photothermal conversion abilities, and high drug loading ability, cobalt nanomaterials have been proven to show promising potential in anticancer and anti-infection treatment. In this review, we summarize the characters of cobalt nanomaterials, followed by the advances in their biological functions and mechanisms. More importantly, we emphatically discuss the potential of cobalt nanomaterials as anti-infectious agents, drug carriers, and immunomodulators for anti-infection treatments, which might be helpful to facilitate progress in future research of anti-infection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wensen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yongdui Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuhe Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tangxin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (J.-F.X.)
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A Promising Antifungal and Antiamoebic Effect of Silver Nanorings, a Novel Type of AgNP. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081054. [PMID: 36009923 PMCID: PMC9405138 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) play an important role in the medical field due to their potent antimicrobial activity. This, together with the constant emergence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs, means AgNPs are often investigated as an alternative to solve this problem. In this article, we analyzed the antifungal and antiamoebic effects of a recently described type of AgNP, silver nanorings (AgNRs), and compared them with other types of AgNPs. Tests of the activity of AgNPs against various fungal and amoebic species were carried out. In all cases, AgNPs showed a high biocidal effect, although with fungi this depended on the species involved. Antifungal activity was detected by the conditioning of culture media or water but this effect was not dependent on the release of Ag ions. On the other hand, the proliferation of Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites was reduced by silver nanorings (AgNRs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs), with AgNWs being capable of totally inhibiting the germination of A. castellanii cysts. AgNRs constitute a new type of AgNP with an antifungal and antiacanthamoebic activity. These results open the door to new and effective antimicrobial therapies as an alternative to the use of antifungals or antiamoebic drugs, thus avoiding the constant appearance of resistance and the difficulty of eradicating infections.
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Singh H, Ahmed I, Biswas R, Mete S, Halder KK, Banerjee B, Haldar KK. Genomic DNA-mediated formation of a porous Cu 2(OH)PO 4/Co 3(PO 4) 2·8H 2O rolling pin shape bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting reactions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3738-3744. [PMID: 35425395 PMCID: PMC8979272 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the accessible techniques, the production of hydrogen by electrocatalytic water oxidation is the most established process, which comprises oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we synthesized a genomic DNA-guided porous Cu2(OH)PO4/Co3(PO4)2·8H2O rolling pin shape composite structure in one pot. The nucleation and development of the porous rolling pin shape Cu2(OH)PO4/Co3(PO4)2·8H2O composite was controlled and stabilized by the DNA biomolecules. This porous rolling pin shape composite was explored towards electrocatalytic water oxidation for both OER and HER as a bi-functional catalyst. The as-prepared catalyst exhibited a very high OER and HER activity compared to its various counterparts in the absence of an external binder (such as Nafion). The synergistic effects between Cu and Co metals together with the porous structure of the composite greatly helped in enhancing the catalytic activity. These outcomes undoubtedly demonstrated the beneficial utilization of the genomic DNA-stabilised porous electrocatalyst for OER and HER, which has never been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab 151001-Bathinda Punjab India
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab 151001-Bathinda Punjab India
| | - Rathindranath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab 151001-Bathinda Punjab India
| | - Shouvik Mete
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab 151001-Bathinda Punjab India
| | | | - Biplab Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab 151001-Bathinda Punjab India
| | - Krishna Kanta Haldar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab 151001-Bathinda Punjab India
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Yakubovich OV, Shvanskaya LV, Bolotina NB, Ivanova AG, Kiriukhina GV, Dovgaliuk IN, Volkov AS, Dimitrova OV, Vasiliev AN. An Orthorhombic Modification of KCoPO 4 Stabilized under Hydrothermal Conditions: Crystal Chemistry and Magnetic Behavior. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9461-9470. [PMID: 34128644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel modification of the KCoPO4, δ-phase has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 553 K. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with the unit-cell parameters a = 8.5031(8), b = 10.2830(5), c = 54.170(4) Å. The crystal structure was determined based on synchrotron low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction data obtained from an inversion twin in the space group P212121 and refined to R = 0.077 for 5156 reflections with I > 3σ(I). The δ-KCoPO4 possesses a new structure type which is based on a framework built from sharing vertices Co- and P-centered tetrahedra. The {CoPO4-}∞ construction of tetrahedra may be described as assembled from networks formed by two topologically diverse six-membered rings of tetrahedra stacked together through vertex-bridging contacts along the a axis. The ratio of the (UUUDDD) and (UUDUDD) rings, where (U) and (D) denote the orientation of the tetrahedra in the six-membered rings up and down relative to the plane grids, is equal to 5:1. The (UUDUDD) rings form bands parallel to the [010] direction each surrounded from both sides along the c axis by slabs of five ribbons width having alternative (UUUDDD) topology. Open in the [100] direction channels incorporate K+ ions; this structural feature permits to suppose ion-conductive and/or electrochemical properties of the title compound. The possible mechanism of the δ → γ phase transition is discussed on the basis of the crystal chemical analysis of the KCoPO4 polymorphs. The title compound orders magnetically at TN = 24.8 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larisa V Shvanskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow 119049, Russia
| | | | - Anna G Ivanova
- FSRC Crystallography and Photonics, RAS, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Galina V Kiriukhina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432, Russia
| | - Iurii N Dovgaliuk
- Swiss-Norwegian Beamlines, European Synchrotron, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Anatoly S Volkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432, Russia
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Walvekar S, Anwar A, Anwar A, Sridewi N, Khalid M, Yow YY, Khan NA. Anti-amoebic potential of azole scaffolds and nanoparticles against pathogenic Acanthamoeba. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105618. [PMID: 32628912 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. are free living amoeba (FLA) which are widely distributed in nature. They are opportunistic parasites and can cause severe infections to the eye, skin and central nervous system. The advances in drug discovery and modifications in the chemotherapeutic agents have shown little improvement in morbidity and mortality rates associated with Acanthamoeba infections. The mechanism-based process of drug discovery depends on the molecular drug targets present in the signaling pathways in the genome. Synthetic libraries provide a platform for broad spectrum of activities due to their desired structural modifications. Azoles, originally a class of synthetic anti-fungal drugs, disrupt the fungal cell membrane by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol through the inhibition of cytochrome P450 dependent 14α-lanosterol, a key step of the sterol pathway. Acanthamoeba and fungi share the presence of similar sterol intermediate, as ergosterol is also the major end-product in the sterol biosynthesis in Acanthamoeba. Sterols present in the eukaryotic cell membrane are one of the most essential lipids and exhibit important structural and signaling functions. Therefore, in this review we highlight the importance of specific targeting of ergosterol present in Acanthamoebic membrane by azole compounds for amoebicidal activity. Previously, azoles have also been repurposed to report antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antibacterial properties. Moreover, by loading the azoles into nanoparticles through advanced techniques in nanotechnology, such as physical encapsulation, adsorption, or chemical conjugation, the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic index of the drugs can be significantly improved. The current review proposes an important strategy to target Acanthamoeba using synthetic libraries of azoles and their conjugated nanoparticles for the first time.
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Sharma G, Kalra SK, Tejan N, Ghoshal U. Nanoparticles based therapeutic efficacy against Acanthamoeba: Updates and future prospect. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108008. [PMID: 32979343 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba sp. is a free living amoeba that causes severe, painful and fatal infections, viz. Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis among humans. Antimicrobial chemotherapy used against Acanthamoeba is toxic to human cells and show side effects as well. Infections due to Acanthamoeba also pose challenges towards currently used antimicrobial treatment including resistance and transformation of trophozoites to resistant cyst forms that can lead to recurrence of infection. Therapeutic agents targeting central nervous system infections caused by Acanthamoeba should be able to cross blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles based drug delivery put forth an effective therapeutic method to overcome the limitations of currently used antimicrobial chemotherapy. In recent years, various researchers investigated the effectiveness of nanoparticles conjugated drug and/or naturally occurring plant compounds against both trophozoites and cyst form of Acanthamoeba. In the current review, a reasonable effort has been made to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticles tested for their efficacy against Acanthamoeba. This review summarizes the noteworthy details of research performed to elucidate the effect of nanoparticles conjugated drugs against Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetansh Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Bajhol, District Solan, H.P, 173229, India
| | - Sonali K Kalra
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Bajhol, District Solan, H.P, 173229, India.
| | - Nidhi Tejan
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareili Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareili Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
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Lorenzo-Morales J, Piñero JE. Emerging Parasitic Protozoa. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090704. [PMID: 32867092 PMCID: PMC7558422 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The terms emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases have been related to a group of diseases that have appeared in a population in the recent past or that have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or changing their geographic range [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38203 Islas Canarias, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad De La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38203 Islas Canarias, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (J.E.P.)
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38203 Islas Canarias, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad De La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38203 Islas Canarias, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (J.E.P.)
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Abdelnasir S, Anwar A, Kawish M, Anwar A, Shah MR, Siddiqui R, Khan NA. Metronidazole conjugated magnetic nanoparticles loaded with amphotericin B exhibited potent effects against pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. AMB Express 2020; 10:127. [PMID: 32681358 PMCID: PMC7368000 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii can cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis. Currently, no single drug has been developed to effectively treat infections caused by Acanthamoeba. Recent studies have shown that drugs conjugated with nanoparticles exhibit potent in vitro antiamoebic activity against pathogenic free-living amoebae. In this study, we have developed a nano drug delivery system based on iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with metronidazole which were further loaded with amphotericin B to produce enhanced antiamoebic effects against Acanthamoeba castellanii. The results showed that metronidazole-nanoparticles-amphotericin B (Met-MNPs-Amp) significantly inhibited the viability of these amoebae as compared to the respective controls including drugs and nanoparticles alone. Met-MNPs-Amp exhibited IC50 at 50 μg/mL against both A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts. Furthermore, these nanoparticles did not affect the viability of rat and human cells and showed safe hemolytic activity. Hence, the results obtained in this study have potential utility in drug development against infections caused by Acanthamoeba castellanii. A combination of drugs can lead to successful prognosis against these largely neglected infections. Future studies will determine the value of conjugating molecules with diagnostic and therapeutic potential to provide theranostic approaches against these serious infections.
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Hendiger EB, Padzik M, Sifaoui I, Reyes-Batlle M, López-Arencibia A, Rizo-Liendo A, Bethencourt-Estrella CJ, San Nicolás-Hernández D, Chiboub O, Rodríguez-Expósito RL, Grodzik M, Pietruczuk-Padzik A, Stępień K, Olędzka G, Chomicz L, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Silver Nanoparticles as a Novel Potential Preventive Agent against Acanthamoeba Keratitis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050350. [PMID: 32380785 PMCID: PMC7281428 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free living, cosmopolitan amoebae from Acanthamoeba genus present a serious risk to human health. As facultative human parasites, these amoebae may cause Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). Acanthamoeba keratitis is a severe, vision-threatening corneal infection with non-specific symptoms. The number of reported AK cases worldwide has been increasing every year. Moreover, 90% of Acanthamoeba keratitis cases are related to contact lens use. Wearing and storage contact lenses not in accordance with the physicians and manufacturers recommendations are the primary key risk factors of this disease. Amoebae can easily adhere to the contact lens surface and transmit to the corneal epithelium. Preventing amoebae adhesion to the contact lens surface could significantly decrease the number of AK infections. Until now, the effective therapy against AK is still under development. Currently proposed therapies are mainly limited to the chlorhexidine digluconate combined with propamidine isethionate or hexamidine applications, which are insufficient and very toxic to the eye. Due to lack of effective treatment, looking for new potential preventive agents is crucial to decrease the number of Acanthamoeba keratitis infections, especially among contact lens users. Nanoparticles have been already included in several novel therapies against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protist. However, their anti-amoebic potential has not been fully tested yet. The aim of this study was to assess silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) anti-amoebic activity and influence on the amoebae adhesion to the surface of four different groups of contact lenses-classified according to the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) guidelines. The obtained results show that both tested nanoparticles were effective against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and decreased the amoebae adhesion to the contact lens surface. AgNPs showed better anti-amoebic activity to cytotoxicity dependence and reduced amoebae adhesion in a wider spectrum of the tested contact lenses. Our studies also confirmed that ionization next to hydration of the contact lens material is a crucial parameter influencing the Acanthamoeba adhesion to the contact lens surface. In conclusion, silver nanoparticles might be considered as a novel preventive agent against Acanthamoeba keratitis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta B. Hendiger
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (G.O.); (L.C.)
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (G.O.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-503-151-318
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - María Reyes-Batlle
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Atteneri López-Arencibia
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Aitor Rizo-Liendo
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Carlos J. Bethencourt-Estrella
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Olfa Chiboub
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, La Marsa, University of Carthage, 2070 Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Rubén L. Rodríguez-Expósito
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Pietruczuk-Padzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.-P.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Stępień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.-P.); (K.S.)
| | - Gabriela Olędzka
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (G.O.); (L.C.)
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (G.O.); (L.C.)
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain; (E.B.H.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (A.L.-A.); (A.R.-L.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (O.C.); (R.L.R.-E.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.)
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