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Olsson J, Nourmohammadi S, Honkala E, Johansson A, Hallmans G, Weidung B, Lövheim H, Elgh F. Time trends in herpesvirus seroepidemiology among Swedish adults. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:273. [PMID: 38431567 PMCID: PMC10908000 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human herpesviruses are widespread among the human population. The infections often occur unnoticed, but severe disease as well as long-term sequelae are part of the symptom spectrum. The prevalence varies among subpopulations and with time. The aim of this study was to describe the seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G against Herpes simplex 1, Herpes simplex 2, Epstein-Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus in the adult Swedish population over a time period of several decades. METHODS Serum samples (n = 892) from biobanks, originating from 30-year-old women, 50-year-old men and 50-year-old women sampled between 1975 and 2018, were analyzed for presence of anti-herpesvirus antibodies. Linear regression analysis was used to test for a correlation between birth year and seroprevalence. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to differentiate between other factors such as age and gender. RESULTS Birth year correlated negatively with the prevalence of immunoglobulin G against Herpes simplex 1 and Epstein-Barr virus (p = 0.004 and 0.033), and positively with Immunoglobulin G against Cytomegalovirus (p = 0.039). When participant categories were analyzed separately, birth year correlated negatively with the prevalence of Immunoglobulin G against Herpes simplex 1 and Herpes simplex 2 (p = 0.032 and 0.028) in 30-year-old women, and with the prevalence of Immunoglobulin G against Cytomegalovirus in 50-year-old men (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of Immunoglobulin G against Herpes simplex 1, Herpes simplex 2 and Epstein-Barr virus decreases in later birth cohorts. This indicates a trend of declining risk of getting infected with these viruses as a child and adolescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Olsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Emma Honkala
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bodil Weidung
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Elgh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Martinsson K, Di Matteo A, Öhman C, Johansson A, Svärd A, Mankia K, Emery P, Kastbom A. Antibodies to leukotoxin A from the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients at an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1176165. [PMID: 37601773 PMCID: PMC10435988 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1176165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Periodontitis and underlying bacteria have been linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One suggested pathogen is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), which expresses leukotoxin A (LtxA) that can citrullinate human proteins, providing a possible trigger for the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). In this study, we seek to determine the presence of antibodies toward LtxA in patients at risk of developing RA. Methods Two prospective observational patient cohorts (one Swedish and one British) with symptomatic at-risk patients were studied. Anti-LtxA antibodies were analyzed by a cell-based neutralization assay in baseline serum and compared to 100 Swedish blood donors that served as controls. Results Serum anti-LtxA levels or positivity did not differ between patients and blood donors. In the British cohort, anti-LtxA was more prevalent among ACPA-positive arthralgia patients compared with ACPA-negative arthralgia cases (24% vs. 13%, p < 0.0001). In the Swedish at-risk cohort, anti-LtxA positive patients were at increased risk of progression to arthritis (hazard ratio (HR) 2.10, 95% CI 1.04-4.20), but this was not confirmed in the UK at-risk cohort (HR 0.99, CI 0.60-1.65). Conclusion Serum anti-LtxA is not elevated before RA diagnosis, and associations with disease progression and ACPA levels differ between populations. Other features of the oral microbiome should be explored in upcoming periodontitis-related RA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Martinsson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andrea Di Matteo
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, LTHT and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Öhman
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Svärd
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kulveer Mankia
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, LTHT and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, LTHT and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alf Kastbom
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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Iskander MMZ, Lamont GJ, Tan J, Pisano M, Uriarte SM, Scott DA. Tobacco smoke exacerbates Filifactor alocis pathogenicity. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:121-130. [PMID: 36122937 PMCID: PMC9976951 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Filifactor alocis has recently emerged as a periodontal pathobiont that appears to thrive in the oral cavity of smokers. We hypothesized that identification of smoke-responsive F. alocis genes would provide insight into adaptive strategies and that cigarette smoke would enhance F. alocis pathogenesis in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS F. alocis was grown in vitro and cigarette smoke extract-responsive genes determined by RNAseq. Mice were exposed, or not, to mainstream 1R6F research cigarette smoke and infected with F. alocis, or not, in an acute ligature model of periodontitis. Key clinical, infectious, and immune data were collected. RESULTS In culture, F. alocis growth was unaffected by smoke conditioning and only a small number of genes were specifically regulated by smoke exposure. Reduced murine mass, differences in F. alocis-cognizant antibody production, and altered immune profiles as well as altered alveolar bone loss were all attributable to smoke exposure and/or F. alocis infection in vivo. CONCLUSIONS F. alocis is well-adapted to tobacco-rich conditions and its pathogenesis is enhanced by tobacco smoke exposure. A smoke-exposed ligature model of periodontitis shows promise as a tool with which to further unravel mechanisms underlying tobacco-enhanced, bacteria-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina M Z Iskander
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gwyneth J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michele Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Oral Microbiota Profile in Patients with Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081572. [PMID: 36013990 PMCID: PMC9412476 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota has been associated with autoimmune diseases, with nasal Staphylococcus aureus being implicated in the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Little is known about the role of oral microbiota in AAV. In this study, levels of IgG antibodies to 53 oral bacterial species/subspecies were screened using immunoblotting in plasma/serum in pre-symptomatic AAV-individuals (n = 85), matched controls, and established AAV-patients (n = 78). Saliva microbiota from acute-AAV and controls was sequenced from 16s rDNA amplicons. Information on dental status was extracted from a national register. IgG levels against oral bacteria were lower in established AAV versus pre-AAV and controls. Specifically, pre-AAV samples had, compared to controls, a higher abundance of periodontitis-associated species paralleling more signs of periodontitis in established AAV-patients than controls. Saliva microbiota in acute-AAV showed higher within-sample diversity but fewer detectable amplicon-sequence variants and taxa in their core microbiota than controls. Acute-AAV was not associated with increased abundance of periodontal bacteria but species in, e.g., Arthrospira, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Scardovia. In conclusion, the IgG profiles against oral bacteria differed between pre-AAV, established AAV, and controls, and microbiota profiles between acute AAV and controls. The IgG shift from a pre-symptomatic stage to established disease cooccurred with treatment of immunosuppression and/or antibiotics.
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Gürsoy UK. Editorial for the Special Issue: Oral Immunology and Periodontitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050564. [PMID: 35631085 PMCID: PMC9146319 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi K Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu, 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Corynebacterium matruchotii Demography and Adhesion Determinants in the Oral Cavity of Healthy Individuals. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111780. [PMID: 33202844 PMCID: PMC7697164 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium matruchotii may be key in tooth biofilm formation, but information about demographics, bacterial partners, and binding ligands is limited. The aims of this study were to explore C. matruchotii’s demography by age and colonization site (plaque and saliva), in vitro bacterial–bacterial interactions in coaggregation and coadhesion assays, and glycolipids as potential binding ligands in thin-layer chromatogram binding assays. C. matruchotii prevalence increased from 3 months to 18 years old, with 90% and 100% prevalence in saliva and tooth biofilm, respectively. C. matruchotii aggregated in saliva in a dose-dependent manner but lacked the ability to bind to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. In vivo, C. matruchotii abundance paralleled that of Actinomyces naeslundii, Capnocytophaga sp. HMT 326, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, and Tannerella sp. HMT 286. In vitro, C. matruchotii bound both planktonic and surface-bound A. naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and F. nucleatum. In addition, C. matruchotii exhibited the ability to bind glycolipids isolated from human erythrocytes (blood group O), human granulocytes, rabbit intestine, human meconium, and rat intestine. Binding assays identified candidate carbohydrate ligands as isoglobotriaosylceramide, Galα3-isoglobotriaosylceramide, lactotriaosylceramide, lactotetraosylceramide, neolactotetraosylceramide, and neolactohexaosylceramide. Thus, C. matruchotii likely uses specific plaque bacteria to adhere to the biofilm and may interact with human tissues through carbohydrate interactions.
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Esberg A, Haworth S, Kuja-Halkola R, Magnusson PK, Johansson I. Heritability of Oral Microbiota and Immune Responses to Oral Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081126. [PMID: 32726935 PMCID: PMC7464143 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a symbiotic oral microbiota is essential for oral and dental health, and host genetic factors may affect the composition or function of the oral microbiota through a range of possible mechanisms, including immune pathways. The study included 836 Swedish twins divided into separate groups of adolescents (n = 418) and unrelated adults (n = 418). Oral microbiota composition and functions of non-enzymatically lysed oral bacteria samples were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and functional bioinformatics tools in the adolescents. Adaptive immune responses were assessed by testing for serum IgG antibodies against a panel of common oral bacteria in adults. In the adolescents, host genetic factors were associated with both the detection and abundance of microbial species, but with considerable variation between species. Host genetic factors were associated with predicted microbiota functions, including several functions related to bacterial sucrose, fructose, and carbohydrate metabolism. In adults, genetic factors were associated with serum antibodies against oral bacteria. In conclusion, host genetic factors affect the composition of the oral microbiota at a species level, and host-governed adaptive immune responses, and also affect the concerted functions of the oral microbiota as a whole. This may help explain why some people are genetically predisposed to the major dental diseases of caries and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon Haworth
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK;
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.-H.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.-H.); (P.K.M.)
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