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Dengue Infection Susceptibility of Five Aedes aegypti Populations from Manaus (Brazil) after Challenge with Virus Serotypes 1–4. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010020. [PMID: 35062224 PMCID: PMC8781997 DOI: 10.3390/v14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful spread and maintenance of the dengue virus (DENV) in mosquito vectors depends on their viral infection susceptibility, and parameters related to vector competence are the most valuable for measuring the risk of viral transmission by mosquitoes. These parameters may vary according to the viral serotype in circulation and in accordance with the geographic origin of the mosquito population that is being assessed. In this study, we investigated the effect of DENV serotypes (1–4) with regards to the infection susceptibility of five Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations from Manaus, the capital of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Mosquitoes were challenged by oral infection with the DENV serotypes and then tested for the presence of the arbovirus using quantitative PCR at 14 days post-infection, which is the time point that corresponds to the extrinsic incubation period of Ae. aegypti when reared at 28 °C. Thus, we were able to determine the infection patterns for DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4 in the mosquito populations. The mosquitoes had both interpopulation and inter-serotype variation in their viral susceptibilities. All DENV serotypes showed a similar tendency to accumulate in the body in a greater amount than in the head/salivary gland (head/SG), which does not occur with other flaviviruses. For DENV-1, DENV-3, and DENV-4, the body viral load varied among populations, but the head/SG viral loads were similar. Differently for DENV-2, both body and head/SG viral loads varied among populations. As the lack of phenotypic homogeneity represents one of the most important reasons for the long-term fight against dengue incidence, we expect that this study will help us to understand the dynamics of the infection patterns that are triggered by the distinct serotypes of DENV in mosquitoes.
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Stephenson CJ, Coatsworth H, Waits CM, Nazario-Maldonado NM, Mathias DK, Dinglasan RR, Lednicky JA. Geographic Partitioning of Dengue Virus Transmission Risk in Florida. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112232. [PMID: 34835038 PMCID: PMC8622774 DOI: 10.3390/v13112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) cause the greatest public health burden globally among the arthropod-borne viruses. DENV transmission risk has also expanded from tropical to subtropical regions due to the increasing range of its principal mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. Focal outbreaks of dengue fever (dengue) in the state of Florida (FL) in the USA have increased since 2009. However, little is known about the competence of Ae. aegypti populations across different regions of FL to transmit DENVs. To understand the effects of DENV genotype and serotype variations on vector susceptibility and transmission potential in FL, we orally infected a colony of Ae. aegypti (Orlando/ORL) with low passage or laboratory DENV-1 through -4. Low passage DENVs were more infectious to and had higher transmission potential by ORL mosquitoes. We used these same DENVs to examine natural Ae. aegypti populations to determine whether spatial distributions correlated with differential vector competence. Vector competence across all DENV serotypes was greater for mosquitoes from areas with the highest dengue incidence in south FL compared to north FL. Vector competence for low passage DENVs was significantly higher, revealing that transmission risk is influenced by virus/vector combinations. These data support a targeted mosquito-plus-pathogen screening approach to more accurately estimate DENV transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Stephenson
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Heather Coatsworth
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Christy M. Waits
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, FL 32212, USA
| | - Nicole M. Nazario-Maldonado
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Derrick K. Mathias
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Rhoel R. Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Correspondence: (R.R.D.); (J.A.L.)
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Correspondence: (R.R.D.); (J.A.L.)
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Godoy RSM, Felix LDS, Orfanó ADS, Chaves BA, Nogueira PM, Costa BDA, Soares AS, Oliveira CCA, Nacif-Pimenta R, Silva BM, Duarte AP, de Lacerda MVG, Monteiro WM, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP. Dengue and Zika virus infection patterns vary among Aedes aegypti field populations from Belo Horizonte, a Brazilian endemic city. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009839. [PMID: 34727099 PMCID: PMC8562804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) belong to the same viral family, the Flaviviridae. They cause recurring threats to the public health systems of tropical countries such as Brazil. The primary Brazilian vector of both viruses is the mosquito Aedes aegypti. After the mosquito ingests a blood meal from an infected person, the viruses infect and replicate in the midgut, disseminate to secondary tissues and reach the salivary gland (SG), where they are ready to be transmitted to a vertebrate host. It is thought that the intrinsic discrepancies among mosquitoes could affect their ability to deal with viral infections. This study confirms that the DENV and ZIKV infection patterns of nine Ae. aegypti field populations found in geographically separate health districts of an endemic Brazilian city vary. We analyzed the infection rate, disseminated infection, vector competence, and viral load through quantitative PCR. Mosquitoes were challenged using the membrane-feeding assay technique and were tested seven and fourteen days post-infection (early and late infection phases, respectively). The infection responses varied among the Ae. aegypti populations for both flaviviruses in the two infection phases. There was no similarity between DENV and ZIKV vector competencies or viral loads. According to the results of our study, the risk of viral transmission overtime after infection either increases or remains unaltered in ZIKV infected vectors. However, the risk may increase, decrease, or remain unaltered in DENV-infected vectors depending on the mosquito population. For both flaviviruses, the viral load persisted in the body even until the late infection phase. In contrast to DENV, the ZIKV accumulated in the SG over time in all the mosquito populations. These findings are novel and may help direct the development of control strategies to fight dengue and Zika outbreaks in endemic regions, and provide a warning about the importance of understanding mosquito responses to arboviral infections. Dengue and Zika are neglected diseases caused by viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes (vector-borne diseases). The primary vector of both diseases is Aedes aegypti, a highly abundant mosquito in tropical countries and adapted to the urban habitat. The viral cycle in the vector starts when the mosquito bites an infected person and acquires the viruses through the blood meal. When the infected blood reaches the mosquito’s midgut, the viruses invade the epithelial cells and disseminate in several organs until they reach the salivary glands, enabling viral transmission to the next person. However, the mosquitoes have developed strategies to combat the viral invasion and dissemination in their body, making this journey a challenge to the viruses. Herein, we show that the mosquito responses against dengue and Zika viruses are distinct. In addition, mosquitoes from separate populations of the same city have different abilities to deal with the viruses in both cases, dengue and Zika infections. Our results show the diversity of responses that the mosquitoes may present to viral infections. These findings may better direct disease control strategies to combat dengue and Zika outbreaks in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza dos Santos Felix
- Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Aparecida Chaves
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Breno dos Anjos Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Soares
- Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Nacif-Pimenta
- Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno Mello Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Guimarães de Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino
- Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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