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Bălănescu R, Bălănescu L, Kadar AM, Enache T, Moga A. The Management of Pediatric Acute Appendicitis-Survey among Pediatric Surgeons in Romania. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58121737. [PMID: 36556939 PMCID: PMC9781247 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To assess the current practice pattern in the management of pediatric acute appendicitis in Romania. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was emailed to all the members of the Romanian Society of Pediatric Surgery between June-July 2022. Results: 118 answers were received, 79.7% responses being from permanent staff members. In the diagnosis of appendicitis, complete blood count, C-reactive protein and abdominal ultrasound are the most commonly used diagnostic tools, while appendicitis scores are not widely used (25% of surgeons). In the case of simple appendicitis, 49.2% of surgeons prefer the conservative approach-oral/intravenous antibiotics. Those who choose the operative approach begin preoperative antibiotics in 56.7% of patients. In case of a stable patient, only 16.7% of surgeons will operate during the night. Laparoscopic approach is chosen by 51.7% of surgeons. In the case of a complicated appendicitis, 92.4% of surgeons will perform the appendectomy, prescribing preoperative antibiotics in 94% of the cases and continuing the therapy postoperatively in 98.2%. Laparoscopic approach is used by 28.8% of surgeons in case of complicated appendicitis. In presence of appendicular mass, 80% prefer a conservative approach with a delayed appendectomy within 6 months. Appendicular abscesses are managed operatively in 82.2% of the cases. The appendix is sent for histological analysis by 95.8% of surgeons. If the peritoneal cavity is contaminated, 95% of the respondents will take a sample for microbiological analysis, 71% will always place a drainage and 44% will always irrigate (71.9%-saline). Conclusions: Clearly, there seems to be a lack of consensus regarding several aspects of the management of acute appendicitis in children. In addition, minimally invasive surgery is not as widely used as reported, despite literature support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Bălănescu
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Bălănescu
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-722984347
| | - Anna Maria Kadar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “M.S. Curie” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 077120 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tudor Enache
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Moga
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Characterization of the oxidative stress response regulatory network in Bacteroides fragilis: An interaction between BmoR and OxyR regulons promotes abscess formation in a model of intra-abdominal infection. Anaerobe 2022; 78:102668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kijner S, Cher A, Yassour M. The Infant Gut Commensal Bacteroides dorei Presents a Generalized Transcriptional Response to Various Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854122. [PMID: 35372092 PMCID: PMC8971754 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a family of glycans found in breastmilk with over 200 identified structures. Despite being the third-largest solid component in breastmilk, HMOs are indigestible by infants, and they serve as food for the infant gut bacteria. Most research thus far has focused on Bifidobacterium species that harbor many glycoside hydrolases (GHs) tailored to break the carbon bonds in HMO molecules. However, there are additional microbes in the infant gut, such as Bacteroides species, with increasing evidence that they, too, are able to break-down HMOs. To study the unbiased impact of breastfeeding on the infant gut microbiome, we need to investigate the underlying mechanisms of HMO utilization by all members of the infant gut. Here, we developed an optimized system for isolating Bacteroides strains from infant stool samples. We then examined the HMO utilization capacity of multiple Bacteroides isolates by performing growth curves on six common HMOs (2'-FL, DFL, 3'-SL, 6'-SL, LNT, LNnT). Isolates often displayed similar growth characteristics on similarly-structured HMOs, like sialylated or fucosylated sugars. We identified variation in HMO utilization across multiple strains of the same species, and chose to focus here on a Bacteroides dorei isolate that was able to utilize the test HMOs. We performed RNA sequencing on B. dorei cultures, comparing the transcriptional profile in minimal media supplemented with glucose or HMOs. We showed that B. dorei employs an extensive metabolic response to HMOs. Surprisingly, there was no clear up-regulation for most GH families previously known to break-down HMOs, possibly because they were almost exclusively described in Bifidobacterium species. Instead, B. dorei exhibits a generalized response to HMOs, markedly up-regulating several shared GH families across all conditions. Within each GH family, B. dorei displays a consistent pattern of up-regulation of some genes with down-regulation of the others. This response pattern to HMOs has yet to be described in other commensals of the infant gut. Our work highlights the importance of expanding the HMO-microbiome studies beyond Bifidobacterium species, sheds light on the differences across Bacteroides strains in terms of HMO utilization, and paves the way to understanding the mechanisms enabling Bacteroides HMO utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Kijner
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Cher
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moran Yassour
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Cuisiniere T, Calvé A, Fragoso G, Oliero M, Hajjar R, Gonzalez E, Santos MM. Oral iron supplementation after antibiotic exposure induces a deleterious recovery of the gut microbiota. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:259. [PMID: 34583649 PMCID: PMC8480066 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral iron supplementation is commonly prescribed for anemia and may play an important role in the gut microbiota recovery of anemic individuals who received antibiotic treatment. This study aims to investigate the effects of iron supplementation on gut microbiota recovery after antibiotics exposure. Results Mice were subjected to oral antibiotic treatment with neomycin and metronidazole and were fed diets with different concentrations of iron. The composition of the gut microbiota was followed throughout treatment by 16S rRNA sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. Gut microbiota functions were inferred using PICRUSt2, and short-chain fatty acid concentration in fecal samples was assessed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. Iron supplementation after antibiotic exposure shifted the gut microbiota composition towards a Bacteroidetes phylum-dominant composition. At the genus level, the iron-supplemented diet induced an increase in the abundance of Parasutterella and Bacteroides, and a decrease of Bilophila and Akkermansia. Parasutterella excrementihominis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Alistipes finegoldii, were more abundant with the iron excess diet. Iron-induced shifts in microbiota composition were accompanied by functional modifications, including an enhancement of the biosynthesis of primary bile acids, nitrogen metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism and pentose phosphate pathways. Recovery after antibiotic treatment increased propionate levels independent of luminal iron levels, whereas butyrate levels were diminished by excess iron. Conclusions Oral iron supplementation after antibiotic therapy in mice may lead to deleterious changes in the recovery of the gut microbiota. Our results have implications on the use of oral iron supplementation after antibiotic exposure and justify further studies on alternative treatments for anemia in these settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02320-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cuisiniere
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), CRCHUM - R10.426, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Annie Calvé
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), CRCHUM - R10.426, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Gabriela Fragoso
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), CRCHUM - R10.426, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Manon Oliero
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), CRCHUM - R10.426, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Roy Hajjar
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), CRCHUM - R10.426, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Digestive Surgery Service, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, Department of Human Genetics; and Microbiome Platform Research, McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Manuela M Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), CRCHUM - R10.426, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Nema S, Brahmachari S, Vishnu TN, Biswas D. Clinico-microbiological spectrum of anaerobic pyogenic infections in an Indian tertiary care teaching hospital: A two-year study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2512-2517. [PMID: 34568128 PMCID: PMC8415683 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2368_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Anaerobes are important however the most neglected pathogens. Timely isolation of anaerobes can guide the clinician about the correct course of clinical treatment and thus reduce the mortality and also the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods: Tissue and/or pus aspirates were collected aseptically from infectious sites in the Robertson's cooked meat medium (RCM) and sent to anaerobic bacteriology laboratory for culture. Subcultures from RCM for each sample were done on neomycin blood agar and 5% sheep blood agar along with metronidazole disc (5μg). The plates were incubated in an anaerobic jar using GasPak for 72 hrs. The preliminary identification was performed by standard biochemical tests for both obligate and facultative anaerobic isolates. Speciations of obligate anaerobes were performed by Vitek 2 automated system. Results: Obligate anaerobes either single or polymicrobial were obtained in 38/216 (14.5 %) samples processed during the study period. Polymicrobial infections were reported in 21/216 (55.26%) samples and most commonly with obligate anaerobic gramnegative bacilli i.e. Prevotella-Porphyromonas and Bacteroides fragilis group. Most common monomicrobial anaerobic infections were observed with Veillonella spp. (n=4) and Porphyromonas spp. (n=4) followed by Bacteroides fragilis (n=3). Obligate anaerobes were predominantly isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (n=14) followed by surgical site infections (n=8). Conclusion: Although most of the infections are polymicrobial, a rise in the incidence of monomicrobial anaerobic infections has been noticed. Therefore, the performance of anaerobic cultures along with aerobic cultures is much needed for complete bacterial work-up of specimens from infectious sites and better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nema
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Brahmachari
- Department of Surgery, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Teja N Vishnu
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - D Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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