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Patil YN, Megalamani MB, Nandibewoor ST. A novel nanozyme doped ZnO/r-GO-based sensor for highly sensitive electrochemical determination of muscle-relaxant drug: cyclobenzaprine HCl. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:336. [PMID: 38777836 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A nanocomposite of Ce-doped ZnO/r-GO was synthesized using a conventional hydrothermal method. The synthesized nanocomposites were utilized for the purpose of sensitive and selective detection of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (CBP). The properties of the composite were extensively analyzed, including its morphology, structure, and electrochemical behavior. This study investigates the application of a modified glassy carbon electrode for the detection of CBP, a muscle relaxant used to treat musculoskeletal diseases that cause muscle spasms. The electrode is modified with Ce-doped ZnO/r-GO. Various detection methods, such as cyclic voltammetric and square wave techniques (SWV), were utilized. The composite material showed high effectiveness as an electron transfer mediator in the oxidation of CBP. The electrode showed a good response for SWV evaluations in CBP identification, with a minimum detection limit of 1.6 × 10-8 M and a wide linear range from 10 × 10-6 M to 0.6 × 10-7 M, under ideal conditions. The rate constant for charge transfer (ks) and the estimation of the electrochemical active surface area were obtained. A developed sensor exhibited desirable selectivity, long-lasting stability, and remarkable reproducibility. A sensor was used to analyze water, human serum, and urine samples, resulting in positive recovery results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvarajgouda N Patil
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath B Megalamani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanappa T Nandibewoor
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India.
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Pereira JKA, Costa AGC, Rodrigues ESB, Macêdo IYL, Pereira MOA, Menegatti R, de Oliveira SCB, Guimarães F, Lião LM, Sabino JR, de S Gil E. LQFM289: Electrochemical and Computational Studies of a New Trimetozine Analogue for Anxiety Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14575. [PMID: 37834027 PMCID: PMC10572256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study employs electrochemical and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation approaches to investigate the potential of a novel analogue of trimetozine (TMZ) antioxidant profile. The correlation between oxidative stress and psychological disorders indicates that antioxidants may be an effective alternative treatment option. Butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant widely used in industry. The BHT-TMZ compound derived from molecular hybridization, known as LQFM289, has shown promising results in early trials, and this study aims to elucidate its electrochemical properties to further support its potential as a therapeutic agent. The electrochemical behavior of LQFM289 was investigated using voltammetry and a mechanism for the redox process was proposed based on the compound's behavior. LQFM289 exhibits two distinct oxidation peaks: the first peak, Ep1a ≈ 0.49, corresponds to the oxidation of the phenolic fraction (BHT), and the second peak, Ep2a ≈ 1.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/KClsat), denotes the oxidation of the amino group from morpholine. Electroanalysis was used to identify the redox potentials of the compound, providing insight into its reactivity and stability in different environments. A redox mechanism was proposed based on the resulting peak potentials. The DFT calculation elucidates the electronic structure of LQFM289, resembling the precursors of molecular hybridization (BHT and TMZ), which may also dictate the pharmacophoric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon K A Pereira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-970, Brazil
| | - André G C Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-970, Brazil
| | | | - Isaac Y L Macêdo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-970, Brazil
| | - Marx O A Pereira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-970, Brazil
| | | | - Freddy Guimarães
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-970, Brazil
| | - Luciano M Lião
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-970, Brazil
| | - José R Sabino
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-970, Brazil
| | - Eric de S Gil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-970, Brazil
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Redox Profiling of Selected Apulian Red Wines in a Single Minute. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050859. [PMID: 35624722 PMCID: PMC9137507 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine is a complex bioproduct whose chemical composition is highly variable across production regions. In order to shed light on affordable ways to promote the characterization of wines and explore the physicochemical basis of their antioxidant capacity, this work reported on the quick and easy redox profiling of selected red wines from Apulia, Italy. Therefore, an affordable and quickly performed semiempirical quantum chemistry approach, i.e., the extended Hückel method, was used to compute the bandgaps of the main phytochemical markers attributed to red wines. The findings of these calculations were then compared to an electroanalytical investigation in the form of cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, and the electric current of the redox profiles was used as the input dataset for principal component analysis. Results showcased that the semiempirical quantum chemistry calculations allowed the correlation of the bandgaps to the observed faradaic signals upon voltammetry; thereby, also providing insights on their antioxidant appeal by highlighting the feasibility of charge-transfer processes at low electric potentials. Furthermore, the principal component analysis showed that the electric current dataset gathered in a time span of 55 s allowed the appropriate separation of the samples, which hints at the possible use of quick voltammetric assays as fingerprinting tools.
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Electrochemical sensor for tricyclic antidepressants with low nanomolar detection limit: Quantitative Determination of Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline in blood. Talanta 2021; 239:123072. [PMID: 34864535 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amitriptyline and its metabolite, Nortriptyline are commonly used tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs that are electrochemically active. In this work, the performance characteristics of a plasticized PVC membrane-coated glassy carbon (GC) electrode are described for the voltammetric quantification of Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline in whole blood. The highly lipophilic Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline preferentially partition into the plasticized PVC membrane where the free drug is oxidized on the GC electrode. The concentrations of the drugs in the membrane are orders of magnitude larger than in the sample solution, resulting in superb limit of detection (LOD) of the membrane-coated voltammetric sensor: 3 nmol/L for Amitriptyline and 20 nmol/L for Nortriptyline. Conversely, hydrophilic components of the sample solution, e.g., proteins, the protein-bound fraction of the drugs, and electrochemically active small molecules are blocked from entering the membrane, which provides exceptional selectivity for the membrane-coated sensor and feasibility for the measurements of Amitriptyline in whole blood. In this work, the concentrations of Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline were determined in whole blood using the sensor and the results of our analysis were compared to the results of the standard HPLC-MS method. Based on our experience, the one-step voltammetric methods with the membrane-coated sensor may become a real alternative to the significantly more complex HPLC-MS analysis.
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Thomaz DV, Contardi UA, Morikawa M, Santos PAD. Development of an affordable, portable and reliable voltametric platform for general purpose electroanalysis. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Application of botryosphaeran as a carbon black adherent on a glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical determination of cyclobenzaprine. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Thomaz DV, de Oliveira MG, Rodrigues ESB, da Silva VB, dos Santos PA. Physicochemical Investigation of Psoralen Binding to Double Stranded DNA through Electroanalytical and Cheminformatic Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13060108. [PMID: 32481669 PMCID: PMC7344847 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work showcased the first physicochemical investigation of psoralen (PSO) binding to double stranded DNA (dsDNA) through electroanalytical methods. Results evidenced that PSO presents one non-reversible anodic peak at electric potential (Epa) ≈ 1.42 V, which is associated with its oxidation and the formation of an epoxide derivative. Moreover, PSO analytical signal (i.e., faradaic current) decreases linearly with the addition of dsDNA, while the electric potential associated to PSO oxidation shifts towards more positive values, indicating thence that dsDNA addition hinders PSO oxidation. These findings were corroborated by the chemoinformatic study, which evidenced that PSO intercalated noncovalently at first between base-pairs of the DNA duplex, and then irreversibly formed adducts with both DNA strands, leading up to the formation of a cross-link which bridges the DNA helix, which explains the linear dependence between the faradaic current generated by PSO oxidation and the concentration of DNA in the test-solution, as well as the dependence between Ep and the addition of dsDNA solution. Therefore, the findings herein reported evidence of the applicability of electroanalytical approaches, such as voltammetry in the study of DNA intercalating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Vieira Thomaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania-GO 74605-170, Brazil; (M.G.d.O.); (E.S.B.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.T.); (P.A.d.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Alexandre dos Santos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania-GO 74605-170, Brazil; (M.G.d.O.); (E.S.B.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.T.); (P.A.d.S.)
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