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Tong T, Huang M, Yan B, Lin B, Yu J, Teng Q, Li P, Pang J. Hippo signaling modulation and its biological implications in urological malignancies. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 98:101280. [PMID: 38870717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Although cancer diagnosis and treatment have rapidly advanced in recent decades, urological malignancies, which have high morbidity and mortality rates, are among the most difficult diseases to treat. The Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in organ size control and tissue homeostasis maintenance. Its downstream effectors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are key modulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes. Recent work clearly indicates that Hippo signaling is frequently altered in human urological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the disparate viewpoints on the upstream regulators of YAP/TAZ and their downstream targets and systematically summarize the biological implications. More importantly, we highlight the molecular mechanisms involved in Hippo-YAP signaling to improve our understanding of its role in every stage of prostate cancer, bladder cancer and kidney cancer progression. A better understanding of the biological outcomes of YAP/TAZ modulation will contribute to the establishment of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Tong
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Binyuan Yan
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Bingbiao Lin
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Qiliang Teng
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China; Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Peng Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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Vatanmakanian M, Steffan JJ, Koul S, Ochoa AC, Chaturvedi LS, Koul HK. Regulation of SPDEF expression by DNA methylation in advanced prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1156120. [PMID: 37900138 PMCID: PMC10600024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1156120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) presents a significant health challenge in men, with a substantial number of deaths attributed to metastatic castration resistant PCa (mCRPC). Moreover, African American men experience disproportionately high mortality rates due to PCa. This study delves into the pivotal role of SPDEF, a prostate specific Ets transcription factor, and its regulation by DNA methylation in the context of PCa progression. Methods We performed Epigenetic reprogramming using daily treatment with non-toxic dose of 5Aza-2-deoxycytidine (5Aza-dC) for two weeks to assess its impact on PDEF expression in prostate cancer cells. Next, we conducted functional studies on reprogrammed cells, including cell migration (wound-healing assay), invasion (Boyden-Chamber test), and proliferation (MTT assay) to comprehensively evaluate the consequences of altered PDEF expression. We used bisulfite sequencing (BSP) to examine DNA methylation at SPDEF promoter. Simultaneously, we utilized siRNA-mediated targeting of key DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) to elucidate their specific role in regulating PDEF. We measured mRNA and protein expressions using qRT-PCR and immune-blotting techniques, respectively. Results In this report, we observed that: a) there is a gradual decrease in SPDEF expression with a concomitant increase in methylated CpG sites within the SPDEF gene during prostate cancer progression from lower to higher Gleason grade; b) Expression of DNMT's (DNMT1, 3a and 3b) is increased during prostate cancer progression, and there is an inverse correlation between SPDEF and DNMT expression; c) SPDEF levels are decreased in RC77/T, a line of PCa cells from African American origin similar to PC3 and DU145 cells (CRPC cells), as compared to LNCaP cells , a line of androgen dependent cells,; d) the 5' CpG island of SPDEF gene are hypermethylated in SPDEF-negative CRPC ( PC3, DU145 and RC77/T) cell lines but the same regions are hypomethylated in SPDEF-positive castrate sensitive (LNCaP) cell line ; (e) expression of SPDEF in PCa cells lacking SPDEF decreases cell migration and invasion, but has no significant effect on cell proliferation, and; (f) treatment with the demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, or silencing of the DNMT's by siRNA, partially restores SPDEF expression in SPDEF-negative PCa cell lines, and decreases cell migration and invasion. Discussion These results indicate hypermethylation is a prevalent mechanism for decreasing SPDEF expression during prostate cancer progression. The data demonstrate that loss of SPDEF expression in prostate cancer cells, a critical step in cellular plasticity, results from a potentially reversible process of aberrant DNA methylation. These studies suggest DMNT activity as a potential therapeutic vulnerability that can be exploited for limiting cellular plasticity, tumor progression, and therapy resistance in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Vatanmakanian
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- LSU-LCMC (Louisiana Children's Medical Center) Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Joshua J. Steffan
- Program in Urosciences, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sweaty Koul
- LSU-LCMC (Louisiana Children's Medical Center) Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Augusto C. Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- LSU-LCMC (Louisiana Children's Medical Center) Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lakshmi S. Chaturvedi
- LSU-LCMC (Louisiana Children's Medical Center) Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hari K. Koul
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- LSU-LCMC (Louisiana Children's Medical Center) Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Li L, Yu J, Cheng S, Peng Z, Ben-David Y, Luo H. Transcription factor Fli-1 as a new target for antitumor drug development. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1155-1168. [PMID: 35447268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) belonging to the E26 Transformation-Specific (ETS) transcription factor family is not only expressed in normal cells such as hematopoietic stem cells and vascular endothelial cells, but also abnormally expressed in various malignant tumors including Ewing sarcoma, Merkel cell sarcoma, small cell lung carcinoma, benign or malignant hemangioma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, bladder cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma. Fli-1 binds to the promoter or enhancer of the target genes and participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes of tumor cells, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The expression of Fli-1 gene is related to the specific biological functions and characteristics of the tissue in which it is located. In tumor research, Fli-1 gene is used as a specific marker for the occurrence, metastasis, efficacy, and prognosis of tumors, thus, a potential new target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. These studies indicated that Fli-1 may be a specific candidate for antitumor drug development. Recent studies identified small molecules regulating Fli-1 thanks to our screened strategy of natural products and their derivatives. Therefore, in this review, the advanced research on Fli-1 as a target for antitumor drug development is analyzed in different cancers. The inhibitors and agonists of Fli-1 that regulate its expression are introduced and their clinical applications in the treatment of cancer, thus providing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China; College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Science, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China
| | - Sha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Science, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China
| | - Zhilin Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Science, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China
| | - Yaacov Ben-David
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Science, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Science, Guiyang 550014, P.R. China.
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