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Posadino AM, Maccioccu P, Eid AH, Giordo R, Pintus G, Fenu G. Citrus limon var. pompia Camarda var. nova: A Comprehensive Review of Its Botanical Characteristics, Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Profile, and Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients 2024; 16:2619. [PMID: 39203756 PMCID: PMC11357429 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrus limon var. pompia Camarda var. nova, commonly known as pompia, is a distinctive citrus ecotype native to Sardinia, notable for its unique botanical, phytochemical, and potential health benefits. It holds cultural significance as a traditional food product of Sardinia, recognized by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural Food and Forestry Policies. This comprehensive review examines pompia's traditional uses, taxonomic classification, pomological characteristics, phytochemical profile, and potential health benefits. Pompia phytochemical analyses reveal a rich composition of flavonoids and terpenoids, with notable concentrations of limonene, myrcene, and various oxygenated monoterpenes. Pompia essential oils are primarily extracted from its peel and leaves. Peel essential oils exhibit a high concentration of the monoterpene limonene (82%) and significantly lower quantities of myrcene (1.8%), geranial (1.7%), geraniol (1.5%), and neral (1.4%). In its rind extract, flavanones such as naringin (23.77 µg/mg), neoeriocitrin (46.53 µg/mg), and neohesperidin (44.57 µg/mg) have been found, along with gallic acid (128.3 µg/mg) and quinic acid (219.67 µg/mg). The main compounds detected in the essential oils from pompia leaves are oxygenated monoterpenes (53.5%), with limonene (28.64%), α-terpineol (41.18%), geranial (24.44%), (E)-β-ocimene (10.5%), linalool (0.56%), and neryl acetate (13.56%) being particularly prominent. In pompia juice, the presence of phenolic compounds has been discovered, with a composition more similar to lemon juice than orange juice. The primary flavonoid identified in pompia juice is chrysoeriol-6,8-di-C-glucoside (stellarin-2) (109.2 mg/L), which has not been found in other citrus juices. The compound rhoifolin-4-glucoside (17.5 mg/L) is unique to pompia juice, whereas its aglycone, rhoifolin, is found in lemon juice. Other flavonoids identified in pompia juice include diosmetin 6,8-C-diglucoside (54.5 mg/L) and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside (79.4 mg/L). These findings support the potential of pompia in developing nutraceuticals and natural health products, further confirmed by its compounds' antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Future research should focus on optimizing extraction methods, conducting clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and safety, and exploring sustainable cultivation practices. The potential applications of pompia extracts in food preservation, functional foods, and cosmetic formulations also warrant further investigation. Addressing these areas could significantly enhance pompia's contribution to natural medicine, food science, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Paola Maccioccu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (P.M.); (G.F.)
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Sanei-Dehkordi A, Heiran R, Montaseri Z, Elahi N, Abbasi Z, Osanloo M. Promising Larvicidal Effects of Nanoliposomes Containing Carvone and Mentha spicata and Tanacetum balsamita Essential Oils Against Anopheles stephensi. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:216-226. [PMID: 37979013 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of synthetic pesticides to control the spread of mosquito-borne diseases has caused environmental pollution and insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Developments of new green insecticides have thus received more attention to overcome these problems. METHODS Nanoliposomes containing carvone and essential oils were first prepared. The nanoliposome physicochemical characteristics (particle size, morphology, and successful loading) were then evaluated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and the Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform InfraRed (ATR-FTIR) analyses. Larvicidal effects of carvone, Mentha spicata, and Tanacetum balsamita essential oils were investigated against the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, in non-formulated and nanoformulated states. RESULTS The larvicidal effects of nanoformulated states were significantly more potent (7.2 folds, 3.5 folds, and 8 folds) than non-formulated states. Nanoliposomes containing M. spicata and T. balsamita essential oils with particle sizes of 175 ± 8 and 184 ± 5 nm showed the best efficacies (LC50 values = 9.74 and 9.36 μg/mL). CONCLUSION The prepared samples could be used as new green potent larvicides against An stephensi mosquito in further field trials. It is also recommended to investigate their efficacies against other mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Heiran
- Estahban Higher Education Center- Shiraz University, Estahban, Iran
| | - Zahra Montaseri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Narges Elahi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Alencar Araujo Maia P, Dantas Pereira AP, de Oliveira Braz AV, Carvalho Rodrigues M, de Lima Silva J, Pereira Lucetti EC, Martins de Lima JP, da Silva LE, do Amaral W, Quefi B, Andrade Rebelo R, Melo Coutinho HD, Ferreira Matias EF. Chemical Profile and Biological Activities Of Piper mikanianum (Kunth) Steud Essential Oil for Development and Improvement of Oral Rinse. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301522. [PMID: 38085680 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies prove that the use of medicinal plants is a custom carried out by man since ancient times, the evolution of the pharmaceutical industry makes more people consume more natural products. Currently, we can observe that mouthwashes containing natural compounds have shown a growth in demand in the markets and in the professional community. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to carry out the chemical characterization and microbiological potential of Piper mikanianum (Kunth) Steud essential oil (EOPm), providing data that allows the development of a low-cost mouthwash formulation aimed at vulnerable communities. METHODS The evaluation of the antibacterial activity and modulator of bacterial resistance was performed by the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The chemical components were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, identified 28 constituents, in which Safrole Phenylpropanoid is the major compound, representing 72.6 % of the total composition, followed by α-pinene (10.7 %), Limonene (2 %), β-caryophyllene (2 %), E-nerolidol (1.9 %), spathulenol (1.3 %) and camphene (1.1 %). RESULTS The EOPm showed a MIC minimum inhibitory concentration≥1024 μg/mL for all bacterial strains used in the tests. When the EOPm modulating activity combined with chlorhexidine, mouthwash, ampicillin, gentamicin and penicillin G was evaluated against bacterial resistance, the oil showed significant synergistic activity, reducing the MIC of the products tested in combination, in percentage between 20.6 % to 98 .4 %. CONCLUSIONS We recommend the expansion of tests with greater variation of EOPm concentration combinations and the products used in this study, as well as toxicity evaluation and in vivo tests, seeking the development of a possible low-cost mouthwash formulation accessible to the most vulnerable population.
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Vieira APM, Danelon M, Fernandes GL, Berretta AA, Buszinski AFM, Dos Santos L, Delbem ACB, Barbosa DB. Pomegranate extract in polyphosphate-fluoride mouthwash reduces enamel demineralization. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:119. [PMID: 38277034 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the anti-demineralizing effect of a mouthwash comprising pomegranate peel extract (PPE 3%), sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP 0.3%), and fluoride (F 225 ppm) in an in situ study, and to assess its irritation potential in an ex vivo study. METHODS This double-blind crossover study was conducted in four phases with 7 days each. Twelve volunteers used palatal appliances containing enamel blocks, which were subjected to cariogenic challenges. The ETF formulation (PPE + TMP + F, pH 7.0), TF formulation (TMP + F, pH 7.0), deionized water (W, pH 7.0), and essential oil commercial mouthwash (CM, 220 ppm F, pH 4.3) were dropped onto the enamel twice daily. The percentage of surface hardness loss, integrated loss of subsurface hardness, calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride in enamel and biofilms were determined. In addition, alkali-soluble extracellular polysaccharide concentrations were analyzed in the biofilms. The irritation potential was evaluated using the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane test through the vascular effect produced during 300-s of exposure. RESULTS ETF was the most efficacious in preventing demineralization. It also showed the highest concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the enamel and in the biofilm, as well as the lowest amount of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm. In the eggs, ETF produced light reddening, whereas CM led to hyperemia and hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS The addition of PPE to formulations containing TMP and F increased its anti-demineralizing property, and this formulation presented a lower irritation potential than the CM. CLINICAL RELEVANCE ETF can be a promising alternative alcohol-free mouthwash in patients at high risk of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Miranda Vieira
- Graduate Program of Dental Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lopes Fernandes
- Graduate Program of Dental Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucinéia Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Debora Barros Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, 16015-050, Brazil.
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Soto ER, Rus F, Mirza Z, Ostroff GR. Yeast Particles for Encapsulation of Terpenes and Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052273. [PMID: 36903519 PMCID: PMC10005402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and essential oils are materials of great commercial use due to their broad spectra of antibacterial, antifungal, membrane permeation enhancement and antioxidant biological properties, as well as for their use as flavors and fragrances. Yeast particles (YPs) are 3-5 µm hollow and porous microspheres, a byproduct of some food-grade yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract manufacturing processes, that have been used for the encapsulation of terpenes and essential oils with high payload loading capacity (up to 500% weight) and efficiency, providing stability and sustained-release properties. This review focuses on encapsulation approaches for the preparation of YP-terpene and essential oil materials that have a wide range of potential agricultural, food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Oprea I, Fărcaș AC, Leopold LF, Diaconeasa Z, Coman C, Socaci SA. Nano-Encapsulation of Citrus Essential Oils: Methods and Applications of Interest for the Food Sector. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4505. [PMID: 36365499 PMCID: PMC9658967 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus essential oils possess many health-promoting benefits and properties of high interest in the food and agri-food sector. However, their large-scale application is limited by their sensitivity to environmental factors. Nanostructures containing citrus essential oils have been developed to overcome the high volatility and instability of essential oils with respect to temperature, pH, UV light, etc. Nanostructures could provide protection for essential oils and enhancement of their bioavailability and biocompatibility, as well as their biological properties. Nano-encapsulation is a promising method. The present review is mainly focused on methods developed so far for the nano-encapsulation of citrus essential oils, with emphasis on lipid-based (including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid particles, and nano- and micro-emulsions) and polymer-based nanostructures. The physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained structures, as well as promising properties reported, with relevance for the food sector are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Coman
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3–5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3–5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sanei-Dehkordi A, Moemenbellah-Fard MD, Saffari M, Zarenezhad E, Osanloo M. Nanoliposomes containing limonene and limonene-rich essential oils as novel larvicides against malaria and filariasis mosquito vectors. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:140. [PMID: 35590314 PMCID: PMC9118734 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and encephalitis are still the cause of several hundred thousand deaths annually. The excessive use of chemical insecticides for transmission control has led to environmental pollution and widespread resistance in mosquitoes. Botanical insecticides' efficacies improvement has thus received considerable attention recently. Methods The larvicidal effects of three essential oils from the Citrus family and limonene (their major ingredient) were first investigated against malaria and filariasis mosquito vectors. An attempt was then made to improve their efficacies by preparing nanoliposomes containing each of them. Results The larvicidal effect of nanoformulated forms was more effective than non-formulated states. Nanoliposomes containing Citrus aurantium essential oil with a particle size of 52 ± 4 nm showed the best larvicidal activity (LC50 and LC90 values) against Anopheles stephensi (6.63 and 12.29 µg/mL) and Culex quinquefasciatus (4.9 and 16.4 µg/mL). Conclusion Due to the green constituents and high efficacy of nanoliposomes containing C. aurantium essential oil, it could be considered for further investigation against other mosquitoes’ populations and field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Saffari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Scholl of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zarenezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Carboxymethyl chitosan-based electrospun nanofibers with high citral-loading for potential anti-infection wound dressings. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:344-355. [PMID: 35413309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a natural antibacterial agent with pleasant fragrance, citral possesses low aqueous solubility. To improve citral loading in hydrophilic nanofiber, Pickering emulsion electrospinning strategy was proposed for anti-infection dressing development. The in-situ aggerated β-cyclodextrin-citral inclusion complex particles (βCPs) were used as emulsion stabilizers, while citral and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixed solutions were used as the inner "dispersed oil phase" and outer "continuous water phase", respectively. The results of electronic microscope investigation shown βCPs possessed regular cube appearances with a size of 5.5 ± 2.2 μm, which might improve the emulsion storage stability based on visual investigation. Moreover, randomly oriented and bead-on-string nanofibers with βCPs uniformly distributed could be obtained under optimized compositions and electrospinning parameters. Despite volatilization during electrospinning, nanofibers with high citral loading possessed good antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In vitro hemolysis test indicated that nanofibers were hemocompatible. In addition, both fiber matrix and citral could promote the proliferation of mouse fibroblast cells. And the permeability of the fibers was adjustable. Thus, CMCS/PVA/βCPs/citral nanofibers could potentially protect wound from infection. In summary, CMCS/PVA/βCPs/citral nanofibers seemed to be promising alternatives to conventional wound dressings.
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From plants to phospholipid vesicles: A comprehensive review on the incorporation of phytochemicals into phospholipid vesicles designed for skin applications with special focus on scalability and in vitro and in vivo efficacy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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The Antimicrobial Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract versus Chlorhexidine in High Caries Risk Individuals Using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5563945. [PMID: 34512759 PMCID: PMC8424245 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of chlorhexidine and PPE oral rinse on S. mutans, Lactobacilli, and Veillonella, in clinical salivary samples of patients with advanced stages of dental caries at baseline and two and four weeks with PCR technique. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial involved 60 high caries risk adult patients, 19–59 years of age, randomly allocated into two groups of 30 subjects each. The intervention group received pomegranate peel extract mouthwash, whereas the control group received chlorhexidine mouthwash. Unstimulated pooled saliva was collected from the floor of the mouth before and after the intervention. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to analyze the bacterial copies of each salivary sample at baseline and two and four weeks. The significance level was fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). Overall comparison of antimicrobial effectiveness across both groups revealed insignificant outcomes. The control group evinced a significant reduction in S. mutans between a specific time, i.e., baseline and 4 weeks (p=0.043). PPE oral rinse as a natural product or ecological alternative was effective in disrupting activity across all microorganisms tested in this triple-blind RCT; however, the nutraceutical, when compared to chlorhexidine, was not as effective against S. mutans.
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Abu-Serie MM, Andrade F, Cámara-Sánchez P, Seras-Franzoso J, Rafael D, Díaz-Riascos ZV, Gener P, Abasolo I, Schwartz S. Pluronic F127 micelles improve the stability and enhance the anticancer stem cell efficacy of citral in breast cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1471-1485. [PMID: 34160295 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Improving the stability and anti-cancer stem cell (CSC) activity of citral, a natural ALDH1A inhibitor. Materials & methods: Citral-loaded micelles (CLM) were obtained using Pluronic® F127 and its efficacy tested on the growth of four breast cancer cell lines. The impact of the CLM on the growth and functional hallmarks of breast CSCs were also evaluated using mammosphere and CSC reporter cell lines. Results: CLM improved the stability and growth inhibitory effects of citral. Importantly, CLM fully blocking the stemness features of CSCs (self-renewal, differentiation and migration) and in combination with paclitaxel CLM sensitized breast cancer cells to the chemotherapy. Conclusion: Targeting CSCs with CLM could improve the treatment of advanced breast cancer in combination with the standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, & Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fernanda Andrade
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Cámara-Sánchez
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Rafael
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zamira V Díaz-Riascos
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra Gener
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simó Schwartz
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Cimino C, Maurel OM, Musumeci T, Bonaccorso A, Drago F, Souto EMB, Pignatello R, Carbone C. Essential Oils: Pharmaceutical Applications and Encapsulation Strategies into Lipid-Based Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030327. [PMID: 33802570 PMCID: PMC8001530 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are being studied for more than 60 years, but a growing interest has emerged in the recent decades due to a desire for a rediscovery of natural remedies. Essential oils are known for millennia and, already in prehistoric times, they were used for medicinal and ritual purposes due to their therapeutic properties. Using a variety of methods refined over the centuries, essential oils are extracted from plant raw materials: the choice of the extraction method is decisive, since it determines the type, quantity, and stereochemical structure of the essential oil molecules. To these components belong all properties that make essential oils so interesting for pharmaceutical uses; the most investigated ones are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing, and anxiolytic activities. However, the main limitations to their use are their hydrophobicity, instability, high volatility, and risk of toxicity. A successful strategy to overcome these limitations is the encapsulation within delivery systems, which enable the increase of essential oils bioavailability and improve their chemical stability, while reducing their volatility and toxicity. Among all the suitable platforms, our review focused on the lipid-based ones, in particular micro- and nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cimino
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Oriana Maria Maurel
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (O.M.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Angela Bonaccorso
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (O.M.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Eliana Maria Barbosa Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Mouthwash Based on Ozonated Olive Oil in Caries Prevention: A Preliminary In-Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239106. [PMID: 33291253 PMCID: PMC7730335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Ozone (O3) proved to oxidize organic and inorganic compounds, and its efficacy against bacteria, viruses and fungi plasma membranes was of interest. Ozone vehicle can be a gaseous form, ozonated water or ozonized oil. The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozonated olive oil against Streptococcus mutans. (2) Methods: Two different commercial mouthwashes were tested: Ialozon Blu (IB) (Gemavip, Cagliari, Italy), with ozonated olive oil, and Ialozon Rose (IR) (Gemavip, Cagliari, Italy), with ozonated olive oil, hyaluronic acid and vitamin E. All formulates were analyzed in a dilution range from 2- to 256-folds in saline solution, as to reproduce the salivary dilution. Streptococcus mutans CIP103220 strain was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test, and the Kirby-Bauer inhibition method was performed to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal (MBC), and Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC). (3) Results: Both formulates showed the same antimicrobial activity. MIC, MBC, and MBIC were observed for dilution factors of 1/32, 1/8 and 1/8, respectively. The mean value of inhibition zone diameter was 16.5 mm for IB, and 18 mm for IR. (4) Conclusions: The results suggested that ozonized olive oil formulates were able to inactivate Streptococcus mutans avoiding the salivary dilution effect in the oral cavity.
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