1
|
Fang P, You M, Cao Y, Feng Q, Shi L, Wang J, Sun X, Yu D, Zhou W, Yin L, Mei F, Zhu X, Cheng A, Tan X. Development and validation of bioanalytical assays for the quantification of 9MW2821, a nectin-4-targeting antibody-drug conjugate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116318. [PMID: 38908237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We designed and developed 9MW2821, an anti-Nectin-4 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with an enzymatically cleavable valine-citrulline linker and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as the payload. Four bioanalytical assays for total antibodies, conjugated antibodies, conjugated payload, and free payload were then developed and validated for the comprehensive evaluation of the multiple drug forms of 9MW2821. Specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to quantify total antibodies and conjugated antibody, showing good drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) tolerance. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine free MMAE, and conjugated MMAE was quantified using a combination of ligand-binding assay (LBA) and LC-MS/MS. Based on these four assays, we studied the serum stability and monkey pharmacokinetic profiles of 9MW2821, and the in vivo DAR of 9MW2821 was calculated and dynamically monitored. In conclusion, we developed and validated series of bioanalytical assays to quantify multiple forms of 9MW2821, a new ADC, and used the assays to evaluate the serum stability and monkey pharmacokinetic characteristics. The results indicate good linker stability and suggest that the developed assays can be further used in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fang
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Meng You
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yuxia Cao
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qingjun Feng
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Dongan Yu
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Long Yin
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Fei Mei
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Aidi Cheng
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xiaoding Tan
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bisbal Lopez L, Ravazza D, Bocci M, Zana A, Principi L, Dakhel Plaza S, Galbiati A, Gilardoni E, Scheuermann J, Neri D, Pignataro L, Gennari C, Cazzamalli S, Dal Corso A. Ex vivo mass spectrometry-based biodistribution analysis of an antibody-Resiquimod conjugate bearing a protease-cleavable and acid-labile linker. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1320524. [PMID: 38125888 PMCID: PMC10731371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1320524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs) equipped with imidazoquinoline (IMD) payloads can stimulate endogenous immune cells to kill cancer cells, ultimately inducing long-lasting anticancer effects. A novel ISAC was designed, featuring the IMD Resiquimod (R848), a tumor-targeting antibody specific for Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX) and the protease-cleavable Val-Cit-PABC linker. In vitro stability analysis showed not only R848 release in the presence of the protease Cathepsin B but also under acidic conditions. The ex vivo mass spectrometry-based biodistribution data confirmed the low stability of the linker-drug connection while highlighting the selective accumulation of the IgG in tumors and its long circulatory half-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matilde Bocci
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
- Philogen S.p.A, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wilson R. The application of capability indices in the validation of ELISA methodology. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1277-1286. [PMID: 37737130 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the impact of sample replication number (duplicate vs triplicate) on the validation of ELISA methodology. Materials & methods: The methodology was validated with reference sample and test sample as an 11-point triplicate dilution series. The data were reanalyzed post-validation as if conducted as a duplicate dilution series. Results: The triplicate methodology was validated with a precision of 5.3% and mean bias of -1.7%. The duplicate methodology generated a precision of 5.7% and mean bias of -2.2%. Conclusion: Both the triplicate (method capability index = 1.37) and duplicate (method capability index = 1.25) ELISA methodology can support an 80-125% relative potency specification with a 0.004% or 0.018% probability of out-of-specification results, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wilson
- Piramal Pharma Solutions, Analytical Development, Earls Road, Grangemouth, Stirlingshire, FK3 8XG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hejmady S, Pradhan R, Kumari S, Pandey M, Dubey SK, Taliyan R. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity considerations for antibody-drug conjugates: an overview. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1193-1202. [PMID: 37724472 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is one of the fastest-growing drug-delivery systems. It involves a monoclonal antibody conjugated with payload via a ligand that directly targets the expressive protein of diseased cell. Hence, it reduces systemic exposure and provides site-specific delivery along with reduced toxicity. Because of this advantage, researchers have gained interest in this novel system. ADCs have displayed great promise in drug delivery and biomedical applications. However, a lack of understanding exists on their mechanisms of biodistribution, metabolism and side effects. To gain a better understanding of the therapeutics, careful consideration of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity needs to be undertaken. In this review, different pharmacokinetics parameters including distribution, bioanalysis and heterogeneity are discussed for developing novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhanth Hejmady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rajesh Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shobha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Meghna Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sunil K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin L, Xu A, Zhao Y, Gu J. Bioanalytical Assays for Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Study of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1324-1331. [PMID: 37290939 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are produced by the chemical linkage of cytotoxic agents and monoclonal antibodies. The complexity and heterogeneity of ADCs and the low concentration of cytotoxic agent released in vivo poses big challenges to their bioanalysis. Understanding the pharmacokinetic behavior, exposure-safety, and exposure-efficacy relationships of ADCs is needed for their successful development. Accurate analytical methods are required to evaluate intact ADCs, total antibody, released small molecule cytotoxins, and related metabolites. The selection of appropriate bioanalysis methods for comprehensive analysis of ADCs is mainly dependent on the properties of cytotoxic agents, the chemical linker, and the attachment sites. The quality of the information about the whole pharmacokinetic profile of ADCs has been improved due to the development and improvement of analytical strategies for detection of ADCs, such as ligand-binding assays and mass spectrometry-related techniques. In this article, we will focus on the bioanalytical assays that have been used in the pharmacokinetic study of ADCs and discuss their advantages, current limitations, and potential challenges. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This article describes bioanalysis methods which have been used in pharmacokinetic study of ADCs and discusses the advantages, disadvantages and potential challenges of these assays. This review is useful and helpful and will provide insights and reference for bioanalysis and development of ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China (L.Y., A.X., Y.Z., J.G.) and School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, PR China (L.Y.)
| | - Aiyun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China (L.Y., A.X., Y.Z., J.G.) and School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, PR China (L.Y.)
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China (L.Y., A.X., Y.Z., J.G.) and School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, PR China (L.Y.)
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China (L.Y., A.X., Y.Z., J.G.) and School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, PR China (L.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suh MJ, Powers JB, Daniels CM, Wu Y. Enhanced Pharmacokinetic Bioanalysis of Antibody-drug Conjugates using Hybrid Immunoaffinity Capture and Microflow LC-MS/MS. AAPS J 2023; 25:68. [PMID: 37386323 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing complexity and diversity of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have led to a need for comprehensive and informative bioanalytical methods to enhance pharmacokinetic (PK) understanding. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a hybrid immunoaffinity (IA) capture microflow LC-MS/MS (μLC-MS/MS) method for ADC analysis, utilizing a minimal sample volume for PK assessments in a preclinical study. A robust workflow was established for the quantitative analysis of ADCs by the implementation of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and semi-automation in µLC-MS/MS. Utilizing the µLC-MS/MS approach in conjunction with 1 µL of ADC-dosed mouse plasma sample volume, standard curves of two representative surrogate peptides for total antibody (heavy chain, HC) and intact antibody (light chain, LC) ranged from 1.00 ng/mL (LLOQ) to 5000 ng/mL with correlation coefficients (r2) values of > 0.99. The linear range of the standard curve for payload as a surrogate for the concentration of total ADC was from 0.5 ng/mL (LLOQ) to 2000 ng/mL with high accuracy and precision (< 10% CV at all concentrations). Moreover, a high correlation of concentrations of total antibody between two assay approaches (µLC-MS and ELISA) was achieved with less than 20% difference at all time points, indicating that the two methods are comparable in quantitation of total antibody in plasma samples. The µLC-MS platform demonstrated a greater dynamic range, sensitivity, robustness, and good reproducibility. These findings demonstrated that the cost-effective µLC-MS method can reduce reagent consumption and minimize the use of mice plasma samples while providing more comprehensive information about ADCs being analyzed, including the total antibody, intact antibody, and total ADC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Jin Suh
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA.
| | - Joshua B Powers
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA
| | - Casey M Daniels
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA
| | - Yuling Wu
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maiti R, Patel B, Patel N, Patel M, Patel A, Dhanesha N. Antibody drug conjugates as targeted cancer therapy: past development, present challenges and future opportunities. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:361-388. [PMID: 37071273 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising cancer therapeutics with minimal toxicity as compared to small cytotoxic molecules alone and have shown the evidence to overcome resistance against tumor and prevent relapse of cancer. The ADC has a potential to change the paradigm of cancer chemotherapeutic treatment. At present, 13 ADCs have been approved by USFDA for the treatment of various types of solid tumor and haematological malignancies. This review covers the three structural components of an ADC-antibody, linker, and cytotoxic payload-along with their respective structure, chemistry, mechanism of action, and influence on the activity of ADCs. It covers comprehensive insight on structural role of linker towards efficacy, stability & toxicity of ADCs, different types of linkers & various conjugation techniques. A brief overview of various analytical techniques used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ADC is summarized. The current challenges of ADCs, such as heterogeneity, bystander effect, protein aggregation, inefficient internalization or poor penetration into tumor cells, narrow therapeutic index, emergence of resistance, etc., are outlined along with recent advances and future opportunities for the development of more promising next-generation ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Maiti
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Nrupesh Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Alkesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirav Dhanesha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qin Q, Gong L. Current Analytical Strategies for Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Biomatrices. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196299. [PMID: 36234836 PMCID: PMC9572530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of biotherapeutics, consisting of a cytotoxic payload covalently bound to an antibody by a linker. Ligand-binding assay (LBA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are the favored techniques for the analysis of ADCs in biomatrices. The goal of our review is to provide current strategies related to a series of bioanalytical assays for pharmacokinetics (PK) and anti-drug antibody (ADA) assessments. Furthermore, the strengths and limitations of LBA and LC-MS platforms are compared. Finally, potential factors that affect the performance of the developed assays are also provided. It is hoped that the review can provide valuable insights to bioanalytical scientists on the use of an integrated analytical strategy involving LBA and LC–MS for the bioanalysis of ADCs and related immunogenicity evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Q.); (L.G.)
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Q.); (L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The in vivo fate of polymeric micelles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114463. [PMID: 35905947 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to provide a systemic analysis of the in vivo, as well as subcellular, fate of polymeric micelles (PMs), starting from the entry of PMs into the body. Few PMs are able to cross the biological barriers intact and reach the circulation. In the blood, PMs demonstrate fairly good stability mainly owing to formation of protein corona despite controversial results reported by different groups. Although the exterior hydrophilic shells render PMs "long-circulating", the biodistribution of PMs into the mononuclear phagocyte systems (MPS) is dominant as compared with non-MPS organs and tissues. Evidence emerges to support that the copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) is first broken down into pieces of PEG and PLA and then remnants to be eliminated from the body finally. At the cellular level, PMs tend to be internalized via endocytosis due to their particulate nature and disassembled and degraded within the cell. Recent findings on the effect of particle size, surface characteristics and shape are also reviewed. It is envisaged that unraveling the in vivo and subcellular fate sheds light on the performing mechanisms and gears up the clinical translation of PMs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cahuzac H, Sallustrau A, Malgorn C, Beau F, Barbe P, Babin V, Dubois S, Palazzolo A, Thai R, Correia I, Lee KB, Garcia-Argote S, Lequin O, Keck M, Nozach H, Feuillastre S, Ge X, Pieters G, Audisio D, Devel L. Monitoring In Vivo Performances of Protein-Drug Conjugates Using Site-Selective Dual Radiolabeling and Ex Vivo Digital Imaging. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6953-6968. [PMID: 35500280 PMCID: PMC9833330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical models, the development and optimization of protein-drug conjugates require accurate determination of the plasma and tissue profiles of both the protein and its conjugated drug. To this aim, we developed a bioanalytical strategy based on dual radiolabeling and ex vivo digital imaging. By combining enzymatic and chemical reactions, we obtained homogeneous dual-labeled anti-MMP-14 Fabs (antigen-binding fragments) conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E where the protein scaffold was labeled with carbon-14 (14C) and the conjugated drug with tritium (3H). These antibody-drug conjugates with either a noncleavable or a cleavable linker were then evaluated in vivo. By combining liquid scintillation counting and ex vivo dual-isotope radio-imaging, it was possible not only to monitor both components simultaneously during their circulation phase but also to quantify accurately their amount accumulated within the different organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Cahuzac
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Carole Malgorn
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Fabrice Beau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Peggy Barbe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Victor Babin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Steven Dubois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Alberto Palazzolo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Robert Thai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ki Baek Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 1825 Pressler St, Houston TX 77030
| | - Sébastien Garcia-Argote
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Hervé Nozach
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Sophie Feuillastre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Xin Ge
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 1825 Pressler St, Houston TX 77030
| | - Gregory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France),
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mu R, Yuan J, Huang Y, Meissen JK, Mou S, Liang M, Rosenbaum AI. Bioanalytical Methods and Strategic Perspectives Addressing the Rising Complexity of Novel Bioconjugates and Delivery Routes for Biotherapeutics. BioDrugs 2022; 36:181-196. [PMID: 35362869 PMCID: PMC8972746 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increase in the discovery and development of biotherapeutics employing new modalities, such as bioconjugates or novel routes of delivery, has created bioanalytical challenges. The inherent complexity of conjugated molecular structures means that quantification of the bioconjugate and its multiple components is critical for preclinical/clinical studies to inform drug discovery and development. Moreover, bioconjugates involve additional multifactorial complexity because of the potential for in vivo catabolism and biotransformation, which may require thorough investigations in multiple biological matrices. Furthermore, excipients that enhance absorption are frequently evaluated and employed for the development of oral and inhaled biotherapeutics. Risk-benefit assessments are required for novel or existing excipients that utilize dosages above previously approved levels. Bioanalytical methods that can measure both excipients and potential drug metabolites in biological matrices are highly relevant to these emerging bioanalysis challenges. We discuss the bioanalytical strategies for analyzing bioconjugates such as antibody-drug conjugates and antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and review recent advances in bioanalytical methods for the quantification and characterization of novel bioconjugates. We also discuss bioanalytical considerations for both biotherapeutics and excipients through novel administration routes and review analyses in various biological matrices, from the extensively studied serum or plasma to tissue biopsy in the context of preclinical and clinical studies from both technical and regulatory perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Mu
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K Meissen
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Si Mou
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meina Liang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsuboi S, Jin T. In Vitro and In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Antibody-Drug Conjugate-Induced Tumor Apoptosis Using Annexin V-EGFP Conjugated Quantum Dots. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2105-2113. [PMID: 35071899 PMCID: PMC8772308 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are conjugates of a monoclonal antibody and a cytotoxic drug that induce tumor apoptosis. The evaluation of ADC-induced tumor apoptosis is crucial for the development of ADCs for cancer therapy. To evaluate the efficacy of ADCs, we present in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging techniques for ADC-induced tumor apoptosis using annexin V-EGFP (EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein) conjugated quantum dots (annexin V-EGFP-QDs). This probe emits visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) dual fluorescence at 515 nm (EGFP emission) and 850 nm (QD emission), which can be used for the detection of tumor apoptosis at the cellular and whole-body levels. By using annexin V-EGFP-QDs, we achieved VIS and NIR fluorescence imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast tumor apoptosis induced by an ADC, Kadcyla (trastuzumab emtansine). The results show that the in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging of ADC-induced tumor apoptosis using annexin V-EGFP-QDs is a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of ADCs for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics
Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics
Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Usama SM, Marker SC, Caldwell DR, Patel NL, Feng Y, Kalen JD, St Croix B, Schnermann MJ. Targeted Fluorogenic Cyanine Carbamates Enable In Vivo Analysis of Antibody-Drug Conjugate Linker Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21667-21675. [PMID: 34928588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a rapidly emerging therapeutic platform. The chemical linker between the antibody and the drug payload plays an essential role in the efficacy and tolerability of these agents. New methods that quantitatively assess the cleavage efficiency in complex tissue settings could provide valuable insights into the ADC design process. Here we report the development of a near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging approach that measures the site and extent of linker cleavage in mouse models. This approach is enabled by a superior variant of our recently devised cyanine carbamate (CyBam) platform. We identify a novel tertiary amine-containing norcyanine, the product of CyBam cleavage, that exhibits a dramatically increased cellular signal due to an improved cellular permeability and lysosomal accumulation. The resulting cyanine lysosome-targeting carbamates (CyLBams) are ∼50× brighter in cells, and we find this strategy is essential for high-contrast in vivo targeted imaging. Finally, we compare a panel of several common ADC linkers across two antibodies and tumor models. These studies indicate that cathepsin-cleavable linkers provide dramatically higher tumor activation relative to hindered or nonhindered disulfides, an observation that is only apparent with in vivo imaging. This strategy enables quantitative comparisons of cleavable linker chemistries in complex tissue settings with implications across the drug delivery landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Sierra C Marker
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Donald R Caldwell
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Nimit L Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yang Feng
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joseph D Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Brad St Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| |
Collapse
|