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Xavier CPR, Palmeira A. Special Issue: "Drug Repurposing for Cancer Therapies". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1092. [PMID: 38256165 PMCID: PMC10817071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the primary global causes of death, thus addressing cancer therapy remains a significant challenge, especially in cases where cancers exhibit resistance to treatment [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina P. R. Xavier
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- LQOF—Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Fatemi N, Karimpour M, Bahrami H, Zali MR, Chaleshi V, Riccio A, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Totonchi M. Current trends and future prospects of drug repositioning in gastrointestinal oncology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1329244. [PMID: 38239190 PMCID: PMC10794567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1329244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a significant number of cancer cases worldwide and contribute to a high percentage of cancer-related deaths. To improve survival rates of GI cancer patients, it is important to find and implement more effective therapeutic strategies with better prognoses and fewer side effects. The development of new drugs can be a lengthy and expensive process, often involving clinical trials that may fail in the early stages. One strategy to address these challenges is drug repurposing (DR). Drug repurposing is a developmental strategy that involves using existing drugs approved for other diseases and leveraging their safety and pharmacological data to explore their potential use in treating different diseases. In this paper, we outline the existing therapeutic strategies and challenges associated with GI cancers and explore DR as a promising alternative approach. We have presented an extensive review of different DR methodologies, research efforts and examples of repurposed drugs within various GI cancer types, such as colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancers. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of employing the DR approach in GI cancers to inform future research endeavors and clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeralsadat Fatemi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Karimpour
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Bahrami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Chaleshi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Elebo N, Abdel-Shafy EA, Cacciatore S, Nweke EE. Exploiting the molecular subtypes and genetic landscape in pancreatic cancer: the quest to find effective drugs. Front Genet 2023; 14:1170571. [PMID: 37790705 PMCID: PMC10544984 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1170571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very lethal disease that typically presents at an advanced stage and is non-compliant with most treatments. Recent technologies have helped delineate associated molecular subtypes and genetic variations yielding important insights into the pathophysiology of this disease and having implications for the identification of new therapeutic targets. Drug repurposing has been evaluated as a new paradigm in oncology to accelerate the application of approved or failed target-specific molecules for the treatment of cancer patients. This review focuses on the impact of molecular subtypes on key genomic alterations in PDAC, and the progress made thus far. Importantly, these alterations are discussed in light of the potential role of drug repurposing in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnenna Elebo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Bioinformatics Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ebtesam A. Abdel-Shafy
- Bioinformatics Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Stefano Cacciatore
- Bioinformatics Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ekene Emmanuel Nweke
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Khine MN, Sakurai K. Golgi-Targeting Anticancer Natural Products. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072086. [PMID: 37046746 PMCID: PMC10093635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis by serving as a biosynthetic center for glycans, lipids and post-translationally modified proteins and as a sorting center for vesicular transport of proteins to specific destinations. Moreover, it provides a signaling hub that facilitates not only membrane trafficking processes but also cellular response pathways to various types of stresses. Altered signaling at the Golgi apparatus has emerged as a key regulator of tumor growth and survival. Among the small molecules that can specifically perturb or modulate Golgi proteins and organization, natural products with anticancer property have been identified as powerful chemical probes in deciphering Golgi-related pathways and, in particular, recently described Golgi stress response pathways. In this review, we highlight a set of Golgi-targeting natural products that enabled the characterization of the Golgi-mediated signaling events leading to cancer cell death and discuss the potential for selectively exploiting these pathways for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Zhang CY, Liu S, Yang M. Clinical diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer: Markers, molecular mechanisms, and treatment options. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6827-6845. [PMID: 36632312 PMCID: PMC9827589 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third-leading cause of cancer deaths. The overall 5-year survival rate of PC is 9%, and this rate for metastatic PC is below 3%. However, the PC-induced death cases will increase about 2-fold by 2060. Many factors such as genetic and environmental factors and metabolic diseases can drive PC development and progression. The most common type of PC in the clinic is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, comprising approximately 90% of PC cases. Multiple pathogenic processes including but not limited to inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and proliferation of cancer stem cells are involved in the initiation and progression of PC. Early diagnosis is essential for curable therapy, for which a combined panel of serum markers is very helpful. Although some mono or combined therapies have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for PC treatment, current therapies have not shown promising outcomes. Fortunately, the development of novel immunotherapies, such as oncolytic viruses-mediated treatments and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, combined with therapies such as neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery, and advanced delivery systems of immunotherapy will improve therapeutic outcomes and combat drug resistance in PC patients. Herein, the pathogenesis, molecular signaling pathways, diagnostic markers, prognosis, and potential treatments in completed, ongoing, and recruiting clinical trials for PC were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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Turabi KS, Deshmukh A, Paul S, Swami D, Siddiqui S, Kumar U, Naikar S, Devarajan S, Basu S, Paul MK, Aich J. Drug repurposing-an emerging strategy in cancer therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1139-1158. [PMID: 35695911 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease affecting millions of people around the world. Despite advances in surgical and radiation therapy, chemotherapy continues to be an important therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. The current treatment is expensive and has several side effects. Also, over time, cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapy, due to which there is a demand for new drugs. Drug repurposing is a novel approach that focuses on finding new applications for the old clinically approved drugs. Current advances in the high-dimensional multiomics landscape, especially proteomics, genomics, and computational omics-data analysis, have facilitated drug repurposing. The drug repurposing approach provides cheaper, effective, and safe drugs with fewer side effects and fastens the process of drug development. The review further delineates each repurposed drug's original indication and mechanism of action in cancer. Along with this, the article also provides insight upon artificial intelligence and its application in drug repurposing. Clinical trials are vital for determining medication safety and effectiveness, and hence the clinical studies for each repurposed medicine in cancer, including their stages, status, and National Clinical Trial (NCT) identification, are reported in this review article. Various emerging evidences imply that repurposing drugs is critical for the faster and more affordable discovery of anti-cancerous drugs, and the advent of artificial intelligence-based computational tools can accelerate the translational cancer-targeting pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Shahab Turabi
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Ankita Deshmukh
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Dayanand Swami
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shafina Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Urwashi Kumar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shreelekha Naikar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shine Devarajan
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Manash K Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jyotirmoi Aich
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India.
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Metabolic Pathways as a Novel Landscape in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153799. [PMID: 35954462 PMCID: PMC9367608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism plays a fundamental role in both human physiology and pathology, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other tumors. Anabolic and catabolic processes do not only have energetic implications but are tightly associated with other cellular activities, such as DNA duplication, redox reactions, and cell homeostasis. PDAC displays a marked metabolic phenotype and the observed reduction in tumor growth induced by calorie restriction with in vivo models supports the crucial role of metabolism in this cancer type. The aggressiveness of PDAC might, therefore, be reduced by interventions on bioenergetic circuits. In this review, we describe the main metabolic mechanisms involved in PDAC growth and the biological features that may favor its onset and progression within an immunometabolic context. We also discuss the need to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice in order to offer alternative therapeutic approaches for PDAC patients in the more immediate future.
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Branco H, Oliveira J, Antunes C, Santos LL, Vasconcelos MH, Xavier CPR. Pirfenidone Sensitizes NCI-H460 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel and to a Combination of Paclitaxel with Carboplatin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073631. [PMID: 35408988 PMCID: PMC8998757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone, an antifibrotic drug, has antitumor potential against different types of cancers. Our work explored whether pirfenidone sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines to chemotherapeutic treatments. The cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel in combination with pirfenidone against three NSCLC cell lines (A549, NCI-H322 and NCI-H460) was evaluated using the sulforhodamine B assay. The effects of this combination on cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), proliferation (BrdU incorporation assay), cell cycle (flow cytometry following PI staining) and cell death (Annexin V-FITC detection assay and Western blot) were analyzed on the most sensitive cell line (NCI-H460). The cytotoxic effect of this drug combination was also evaluated against two non-tumorigenic cell lines (MCF-10A and MCF-12A). Finally, the ability of pirfenidone to sensitize NCI-H460 cells to a combination of paclitaxel plus carboplatin was assessed. The results demonstrated that pirfenidone sensitized NCI-H460 cells to paclitaxel treatment, reducing cell growth, viability and proliferation, inducing alterations in the cell cycle profile and causing an increase in the % of cell death. Remarkably, this combination did not increase cytotoxicity in non-tumorigenic cells. Importantly, pirfenidone also sensitized NCI-H460 cells to paclitaxel plus carboplatin. This work highlights the possibility of repurposing pirfenidone in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Branco
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.B.); (C.A.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio Oliveira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO—Instituto Português de Oncologia, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.O.); (L.L.S.)
| | - Catarina Antunes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.B.); (C.A.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio L. Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO—Instituto Português de Oncologia, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (J.O.); (L.L.S.)
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.B.); (C.A.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.H.V.); (C.P.R.X.); Tel.: +351-225-570-772 (M.H.V.)
| | - Cristina P. R. Xavier
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.B.); (C.A.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.H.V.); (C.P.R.X.); Tel.: +351-225-570-772 (M.H.V.)
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Drug repurposing of adapalene for melanoma treatment. Pharm Pat Anal 2022; 11:9-14. [PMID: 35168402 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer drug repurposing is an attractive approach that leads to savings in time and investment. Adapalene, the first medical application of which was for the treatment of acne, has been described as a repurposing drug for the treatment of various types of cancer. Patent application CN111329851 describes the use of adapalene for the treatment of melanoma, by assays carried out on melanoma cell lines. Adapalene demonstrated antiproliferative activity in melanoma cell lines via S-phase arrest-dependent apoptosis mediated by DNA damage through an increase in the expression of p-ATM and p-chk2 and a decrease in the expression of p-BRCA1 and Rad51. Even though no evidence on efficacy and efficiency is shown in preclinical and clinical studies, CN111329851 patent shows that adapalene may be a repurposing drug for the treatment of melanoma.
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