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Selles SMA, Belhamiti BT, Kouidri M, Ait Amrane A, Kadari Y, Kaddour Z, Kabrit S. Chemical compounds, antioxidant and scolicidal potencies of Thymus fontanesii essential oil. Exp Parasitol 2024; 257:108699. [PMID: 38199324 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have become a source of new drugs to treat various diseases due to their low cost, few side effects, and wide accessibility. Among these, essential oils are promising natural compounds for use in scolicidal activity. The targets of our current work were to assess the chemical composition, antioxidant and protoscolicidal activities of Thymus fontanesii essential oil. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and chemical compounds were quantified by GC-MS/GC-FID. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power. Three concentrations of essential oil (4.625, 9.25, and 13.875 mg/ml) were tested for 5, 10, and 15 min against E. granulosus protoscoleces and their viability was assessed by eosin staining essay. The yield of the essential oil was 2.06 ± 0.41 % (w/w). Carvacrol (59.68 %) was the main compound of Thymus fontanesii essential oils. Moreover, Thymus fontanesii essential oil has an antioxidant activity IC50 of 346.08 μg/ml and EC50 of 869.82 μg/ml. Furthermore, 100 % mortality of protoscoleces was observed at the doses of 9.25 mg/ml and 13.875 mg/ml after 5 min of exposure. Our findings show a potency of antioxidant and protoscolicidal activities against protoscoleces of E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Mohammed Ammar Selles
- Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria; Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria.
| | - Belkacem Tahar Belhamiti
- Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria; Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Mokhtaria Kouidri
- Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria; Laboratory of Farm Animal Products, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Amar Ait Amrane
- Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria; Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Yamina Kadari
- Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria; Laboratory of Farm Animal Products, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Zohra Kaddour
- Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Tiaret, Tiaret, 14000, Algeria
| | - Souad Kabrit
- Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Tiaret, Tiaret, 14000, Algeria
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Ashfaq R, Rasul A, Asghar S, Kovács A, Berkó S, Budai-Szűcs M. Lipid Nanoparticles: An Effective Tool to Improve the Bioavailability of Nutraceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15764. [PMID: 37958750 PMCID: PMC10648376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-range bioactive colloidal carrier systems are envisaged to overcome the challenges associated with treatments of numerous diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), one of the extensively investigated drug delivery systems, not only improve pharmacokinetic parameters, transportation, and chemical stability of encapsulated compounds but also provide efficient targeting and reduce the risk of toxicity. Over the last decades, nature-derived polyphenols, vitamins, antioxidants, dietary supplements, and herbs have received more attention due to their remarkable biological and pharmacological health and medical benefits. However, their poor aqueous solubility, compromised stability, insufficient absorption, and accelerated elimination impede research in the nutraceutical sector. Owing to the possibilities offered by various LNPs, their ability to accommodate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules and the availability of various preparation methods suitable for sensitive molecules, loading natural fragile molecules into LNPs offers a promising solution. The primary objective of this work is to explore the synergy between nature and nanotechnology, encompassing a wide range of research aimed at encapsulating natural therapeutic molecules within LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ashfaq
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
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Chiodini PL. Medical management of cystic echinococcosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2023; 36:303-307. [PMID: 37593991 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cystic echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis for which humans are dead end hosts. It is not only widely distributed in sheep rearing areas of low-income and middle-income countries but also has a significant presence in wealthy countries, for example, in Europe. It results in considerable morbidity, and its current management is far from optimal. Medical management is with a benzimidazole, with the addition of praziquantel under some circumstances. RECENT FINDINGS Interest in mebendazole as an anticancer drug has stimulated research into new drug formulations to improve bioavailability and possibly reduce inter-individual variability in in-vivo drug levels, which may help its activity against cystic echinococcosis. Further evidence to support administration of albendazole with a fatty meal has been provided. GlaxoSmithKilne (GSK) has agreed to extend its albendazole donation programme to include echinococcosis. The search for new drugs has focussed on natural products, such as essential oils and on repurposing of existing drugs licensed for human use against other conditions. SUMMARY The medical treatment of cystic echinococcosis remains sorely neglected, with no new drugs for almost 40 years. We need a better understanding of how to use the drugs we do have, whilst seeking new ones. Drug repurposing may be the best pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Chiodini
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Rahmani-Dehaghani M, Tolouei S, Yousofi-Darani H, Ghayour-Najafabadi Z. Apoptosis as a Potential Target to Arrest and Survival of Hydatid Cyst. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:175. [PMID: 37564437 PMCID: PMC10410427 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_152_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydatidosis is a serious and life-threatening disease that may lead to the death of the host if diagnosed and treated improperly. Apoptosis has been investigated as a mechanism of host innate immunity in suppressing parasites and also the survival of cysts in the human body. The present study investigates the process and role of apoptosis caused by a host cell or parasite in hydatid cysts. Materials and Methods Survey cytotoxic effect and apoptotic mortality of hydatid-treated lymphocytes were investigated. Also, to determine the mechanism of apoptosis in host and parasite, the mean gene expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 3 in hydatid-treated lymphocytes, and Fas-L gene in the laminated-germinal layer of fertile and infertile hydatid cysts were evaluated. Results The viability of fertile and infertile hydatid fluid-treated lymphocytes was significantly different compared with the control group. Flow cytometry also showed apoptotic cells. Bax mean gene expression was significantly different between fertile and infertile treated lymphocytes. However, there was no significant difference in the mean expression of Caspase 3, and Bcl-2 genes in these two groups. Although the expression of the Fas-L gene in infertile cysts was higher than in fertile cysts, the result was not significant. Conclusion It seems that hydatid cyst fluid may induce apoptosis in lymphocytes so that, hydatid cysts can escape from the immune system and stay alive. On the other hand, the results represent the possible immune path of host apoptosis against the parasite as one of the important routes in infertility of hydatid cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmani-Dehaghani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Tolouei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossain Yousofi-Darani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghayour-Najafabadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Luo G, Ma B, Jiang Y, Lv H. Propofol Induces the Expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in Echinococcus granulosus via the JNK and p38 Pathway In Vitro. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:306. [PMID: 37368724 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Nrf2 signaling pathways in Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs) cultured in vitro were divided into different groups: a control group, PSCs were pretreated with various concentrations of propofol followed by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and PSCs were pretreated with MAPK inhibitors, then co-treated with propofol and incubated in the presence of H2O2. PSCs activity was observed under an inverted microscope and survival rate was calculated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorescence microscopy, western blotting was used to detect the expression of Nrf2, Bcl-2, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the PSCs among different groups. Pretreatment of PSCs with 0-1 mM propofol for 8 h prevented PSCs death after exposure to 0.5 mM H2O2. PSCs were pretreated with PD98059, SB202190, or SP600125 for 2 h, co-treated with propofol for an additional 8 h, and then exposed to 0.5 mM H2O2 for 6 h. On day 6, the PSCs viability was 42% and 39% in the p38 and JNK inhibitor groups, respectively. Additionally, pretreatment with propofol significantly attenuated the generation of ROS following H2O2 treatment. Propofol increased the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and BCL2 compared with that of the control group. Pretreatment PSCs with SP600125 or SB202190, co-incubation with propofol and H2O2, can reduce the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and BCL2 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that propofol induces an upregulated expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 by activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. This study highlights the cross role of metabolic regulation of ROS signaling and targeting signalling pathways that may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of E. granulosus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Luo
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
- Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Jinxiang People's Hospital, Jining 272200, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hailong Lv
- Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
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Editorial-Current Insights on Lipid-Based Nanosystems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101267. [PMID: 36297379 PMCID: PMC9611633 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Gohil D, Panigrahi GC, Gupta SK, Gandhi KA, Gera P, Chavan P, Sharma D, Sandur S, Gota V. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment of 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 46:1-14. [PMID: 35899689 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (5NQ) or juglone is a bioactive molecule found in walnuts and has shown therapeutic effects in various disease models. Limited information is available regarding the toxicity of 5NQ, thereby limiting the clinical development of this drug. In the present study, oral acute (50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg) and sub-acute toxicity (5, 15 and 50 mg/kg) was assessed in mice to evaluate the safety of 5NQ. The acute toxicity study identified 118 mg/kg as the point-of-departure dose (POD) for single oral administration of 5NQ using benchmark dose modeling (BMD). Repeated administration of 5NQ at doses of 15 and 50 mg/kg/day caused reduction in food consumption and body weight of mice along with alterations in liver and renal function. Histopathological assessment revealed significant damage to hepatic and renal tissues at all doses in the acute toxicity study, and at higher doses of 15 and 50 mg/kg in the sub-acute toxicity study. We observed dose dependent mortality in sub-acute toxicity study and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was established as < 5 mg/kg/day. Modeling the survival response in sub-acute toxicity study identified 1.74 mg/kg/day as the POD for repeated administration of 5NQ. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were most sensitive to 5NQ administration with a lower limit of BMD interval (BMDL) of 1.1 × 10-3 mg/kg/day. The benchmark doses reported in the study can be further used to determine a reference dose of 5NQ for human risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dievya Gohil
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
| | - Girish Ch Panigrahi
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Gupta
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
| | - Khushboo A Gandhi
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- ICGC Lab, ACTERC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Biorepository, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Preeti Chavan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
- Radiation Biology & Health Science Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Sandur
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
- Radiation Biology & Health Science Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
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