1
|
Deiser S, Fenzl S, König V, Drexler M, Smith LM, George ME, Beck R, Witney TH, Inoue S, Casini A. (SiFA)SeFe: A Hydrophilic Silicon-Based Fluoride Acceptor Enabling Versatile Peptidic Radiohybrid Tracers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:14077-14094. [PMID: 39115131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The radiohybrid (rh) concept to design targeted (and chemically identical) radiotracers for imaging or radionuclide therapy of tumors has gained momentum. For this strategy, a new bifunctional Silicon-based Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) moiety (SiFA)SeFe was synthesized, endowed with improved hydrophilicity and high versatility of integration into rh-compounds. Preliminary radiolabeling and stability studies under different conditions were conducted using model bioconjugate peptides. Further, three somatostatin receptor 2 (sstR2)-targeted rh-compounds ((SiFA)SeFe-rhTATE1-3, TATE = (Tyr3)-octreotate) were developed. Compound (SiFA)SeFe-rhTATE3, enables labeling with 18F for PET imaging or chelation of 177Lu for therapy. The rh-compounds possess comparable receptor binding affinity and in vitro performance as good as the clinically proven gold standards. SstR2-specificity was further shown for (SiFA)SeFe-rhTATE2 using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The biodistribution of two compounds in mice showed high accumulation in tumors and excretion via the kidneys, demonstrating the clinical applicability of the (SiFA)SeFe moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Deiser
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fenzl
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Victor König
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Marike Drexler
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Lydia M Smith
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Madeleine E George
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Roswitha Beck
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Timothy H Witney
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ebner R, Lohse A, Fabritius MP, Rübenthaler J, Wängler C, Wängler B, Schirrmacher R, Völter F, Schmid HP, Unterrainer LM, Öcal O, Hinterberger A, Spitzweg C, Auernhammer CJ, Geyer T, Ricke J, Bartenstein P, Holzgreve A, Grawe F. Validation of the standardization framework SSTR-RADS 1.0 for neuroendocrine tumors using the novel SSTR‑targeting peptide [ 18F]SiTATE. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10788-3. [PMID: 38769164 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (SSTR-PET/CT) using [68Ga]-labeled tracers is a widely used imaging modality for neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Recently, [18F]SiTATE, a SiFAlin tagged [Tyr3]-octreotate (TATE) PET tracer, has shown great potential due to favorable clinical characteristics. We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of Somatostatin Receptor-Reporting and Data System 1.0 (SSTR-RADS 1.0) for structured interpretation and treatment planning of NET using [18F]SiTATE. METHODS Four readers assessed [18F]SiTATE-PET/CT of 95 patients according to the SSTR-RADS 1.0 criteria at two different time points. Each reader evaluated up to five target lesions per scan. The overall scan score and the decision on peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) were considered. Inter- and intra-reader agreement was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS The ICC analysis on the inter-reader agreement using SSTR-RADS 1.0 for identical target lesions (ICC ≥ 85%), overall scan score (ICC ≥ 90%), and the decision to recommend PRRT (ICC ≥ 85%) showed excellent agreement. However, significant differences were observed in recommending PRRT among experienced readers (ER) (p = 0.020) and inexperienced readers (IR) (p = 0.004). Compartment-based analysis demonstrated good to excellent inter-reader agreement for most organs (ICC ≥ 74%), except for lymph nodes (ICC ≥ 53%). CONCLUSION SSTR-RADS 1.0 represents a highly reproducible and consistent framework system for stratifying SSTR-targeted PET/CT scans, even using the novel SSTR-ligand [18F]SiTATE. Some inter-reader variability was observed regarding the evaluation of uptake intensity prior to PRRT as well as compartment scoring of lymph nodes, indicating that those categories require special attention during further clinical validation and might be refined in a future SSTR-RADS version 1.1. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT SSTR-RADS 1.0 is a consistent framework for categorizing somatostatin receptor-targeted PET/CT scans when using [18F]SiTATE. The framework serves as a valuable tool for facilitating and improving the management of patients with NET. KEY POINTS SSTR-RADS 1.0 is a valuable tool for managing patients with NET. SSTR-RADS 1.0 categorizes patients with showing strong agreement across diverse reader expertise. As an alternative to [68Ga]-labeled PET/CT in neuroendocrine tumor imaging, SSTR-RADS 1.0 reliably classifies [18F]SiTATE-PET/CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ebner
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - A Lohse
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M P Fabritius
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Rübenthaler
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM, ENETS certified Center of Excellence), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - B Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - F Völter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - H P Schmid
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L M Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - O Öcal
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Hinterberger
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Spitzweg
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM, ENETS certified Center of Excellence), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C J Auernhammer
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM, ENETS certified Center of Excellence), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Geyer
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Ricke
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM, ENETS certified Center of Excellence), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - P Bartenstein
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM, ENETS certified Center of Excellence), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Holzgreve
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Grawe
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mawick M, Jaworski C, Bittermann J, Iovkova L, Pu Y, Wängler C, Wängler B, Jurkschat K, Krause N, Schirrmacher R. CycloSiFA: The Next Generation of Silicon-Based Fluoride Acceptors for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309002. [PMID: 37850849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The ring-opening Si-fluorination of a variety of azasilole derivatives cyclo-1-(iPr2 Si)-4-X-C6 H3 -2-CH2 NR (4: R=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 , X=H; 4 a: R=2,4,6-Me3 C6 H2 , X=H; 9: R=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 , X=tBuMe2 SiO; 10: R=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 , X=OH; 13: R=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 , X=HCCCH2 O; 22: R=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 , X=tBuMe2 SiCH2 O) with different 19 F-fluoride sources was studied, optimized and the experience gained was used in a translational approach to create a straightforward 18 F-labelling protocol for the azasilole derivatives [18 F]6 and [18 F]14. The latter constitutes a potential clickable CycloSiFA prosthetic group which might be used in PET tracer development using Cu-catalysed triazole formation. Based on our findings, CycloSiFA has the potential to become a new entry into non-canonical labelling methodologies for radioactive PET tracer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mawick
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carolin Jaworski
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jens Bittermann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ljuba Iovkova
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yinglan Pu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Norbert Krause
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Choi JY, Lee KH, Choe YS. Synthesis and Evaluation of [ 18F]SiFA-Conjugated Ligands for Fibroblast Activation Protein Imaging. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6441-6450. [PMID: 37968928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has emerged as an important target for the diagnosis and therapy of various tumors due to its high expression on the cell surface of cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are the major components of the tumor stroma. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated 18F-labeled FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) for FAP imaging. Two silicon fluoride acceptor (SiFA)-conjugated FAPIs were synthesized: one containing a γ-carboxy-l-glutamic acid (Gla) residue (1) and another containing two Gla residues (2). Both ligands exhibited high binding affinities for FAP. 18F/19F exchange reactions on both ligands were performed in the presence of 2% water. This resulted in the formation of radioligands [18F]1 and [18F]2 in high radiochemical yields. Radioligand [18F]2, with a more favorable partition coefficient, was selected for the U87MG cell binding study, and the results showed FAP-specific binding of the radioligand to the cells. An ex vivo biodistribution study in U87MG tumor-bearing mice 60 min after injection demonstrated a 5.8-fold higher tumor accumulation of [18F]2 than that of [18F]1. Furthermore, PET and ex vivo biodistribution studies of [18F]2 in U87MG tumor-bearing mice showed high and persistent tumor uptake over time, which was significantly blocked by the preinjection of FAPI-04. Our results indicate that [18F]SiFA-(Gla)2-conjugated FAPI ([18F]2) has the potential for FAP imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Joon Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yearn Seong Choe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teske N, Biczok A, Quach S, Dekorsy FJ, Forbrig R, Bodensohn R, Niyazi M, Tonn JC, Albert NL, Schichor C, Ueberschaer M. Postoperative [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT imaging is prognostic for progression-free survival in meningioma WHO grade 1. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 51:206-217. [PMID: 37642702 PMCID: PMC10684417 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor resection represents the first-line treatment for symptomatic meningiomas, and the extent of resection has been shown to be of prognostic importance. Assessment of tumor remnants with somatostatin receptor PET proves to be superior to intraoperative estimation with Simpson grading or MRI. In this preliminary study, we evaluate the prognostic relevance of postoperative PET for progression-free survival in meningiomas. METHODS We conducted a post hoc analysis on a prospective patient cohort with resected meningioma WHO grade 1. Patients received postoperative MRI and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT and were followed regularly with MRI surveillance scans for detection of tumor recurrence/progression. RESULTS We included 46 patients with 49 tumors. The mean age at diagnosis was 57.8 ± 1.7 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.7. Local tumor progression occurred in 7/49 patients (14%) after a median follow-up of 52 months. Positive PET was associated with an increased risk for progression (*p = 0.015) and a lower progression-free survival (*p = 0.029), whereas MRI was not. 20 out of 20 patients (100%) with negative PET findings remained recurrence-free. The location of recurrence/progression on MRI was adjacent to regions where postoperative PET indicated tumor remnants in all cases. Gross tumor volumes were higher on PET compared to MRI (*p = 0.032). CONCLUSION Our data show that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT is highly sensitive in revealing tumor remnants in patients with meningioma WHO grade 1. Negative PET findings were associated with a higher progression-free survival, thus improving surveillance. In patients with tumor remnants, additional PET can optimize adjuvant radiotherapy target planning of surgically resected meningiomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Teske
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Annamaria Biczok
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quach
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska J Dekorsy
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Forbrig
- Institute of Neuroradiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Bodensohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schichor
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Ueberschaer
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blok S, Wängler C, Bartenstein P, Jurkschat K, Schirrmacher R, Lindner S. Good practices for the automated production of 18F-SiFA radiopharmaceuticals. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:25. [PMID: 37819534 PMCID: PMC10567618 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positron emitting isotope fluorine-18 (18F) possesses almost ideal physicochemical properties for the development of radiotracers for diagnostic molecular imaging employing positron emission tomography (PET). 18F in its nucleophilic anionic 18F- form is usually prepared by bombarding an enriched 18O water target with protons of various energies between 5 and 20 MeV depending on the technical specifications of the cyclotron. Large thick-target yields between 5 and 14 GBq/µA can be obtained, enough to prepare large batches of radiotracers capable to serve a considerable contingent of patients (50 + per clinical batch). The overall yield of the radiotracer however depends on the efficiency of the 18F labeling chemistry. The Silicon Fluoride Acceptor chemistry (SiFA) has introduced a convenient and highly efficient way to provide clinical peptide-based 18F-radiotracers in a kit-like procedure matching the convenience of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. MAIN BODY A radiotracer's clinical success primarily hinges on whether its synthesis can be automated. Due to its simplicity, the SiFA chemistry, which is based on isotopic exchange (18F for 19F), does not only work in a manual setup but has been proven to be automatable, yielding large batches of 18F-radiotracers of high molar activity (Am). The production of SiFA radiotracer can be centralized and the radiopharmaceutical be distributed via the "satellite" principle, where one production facility economically serves multiple clinical application sites. Clinically validated tracers such as [18F]SiTATE and [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7/-7.3 have been synthesized in an automated synthesis unit under good manufacturing practice conditions and used in large patient cohorts. Communication of common guidelines and practices is warranted to further the dissemination of SiFA radiopharmaceuticals and to give easy access to this technology. CONCLUSION This current review highlights the most recent achievements in SiFA radiopharmaceutical automation geared towards large batch production for clinical application. Best practice advice and guidance towards a facilitated implementation of the SiFA technology into new and already operating PET tracer production facilities is provided. A brief outlook spotlights the future potential of SiFA radiochemistry within the landscape of non-canonical labeling chemistries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Unterrainer M, Kunte SC, Unterrainer LM, Holzgreve A, Delker A, Lindner S, Beyer L, Brendel M, Kunz WG, Winkelmann M, Cyran CC, Ricke J, Jurkschat K, Wängler C, Wängler B, Schirrmacher R, Belka C, Niyazi M, Tonn JC, Bartenstein P, Albert NL. Next-generation PET/CT imaging in meningioma-first clinical experiences using the novel SSTR-targeting peptide [ 18F]SiTATE. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3390-3399. [PMID: 37358620 PMCID: PMC10541820 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatostatin-receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CT provides important clinical information in addition to standard imaging in meningioma patients. [18F]SiTATE is a novel, 18F-labeled SSTR-targeting peptide with superior imaging properties according to preliminary data. We provide the first [18F]SiTATE PET/CT data of a large cohort of meningioma patients. METHODS Patients with known or suspected meningioma undergoing [18F]SiTATE PET/CT were included. Uptake intensity (SUV) of meningiomas, non-meningioma lesions, and healthy organs were assessed using a 50% isocontour volume of interest (VOI) or a spherical VOI, respectively. Also, trans-osseous extension on PET/CT was assessed. RESULTS A total of 107 patients with 117 [18F]SiTATE PET/CT scans were included. Overall, 231 meningioma lesions and 61 non-meningioma lesions (e.g., post-therapeutic changes) were analyzed. Physiological uptake was lowest in healthy brain tissue, followed by bone marrow, parotid, and pituitary (SUVmean 0.06 ± 0.04 vs. 1.4 ± 0.9 vs. 1.6 ± 1.0 vs. 9.8 ± 4.6; p < 0.001). Meningiomas showed significantly higher uptake than non-meningioma lesions (SUVmax 11.6 ± 10.6 vs. 4.0 ± 3.3, p < 0.001). Meningiomas showed significantly higher uptake than non-meningioma lesions (SUVmax 11.6±10.6 vs. 4.0±3.3, p<0.001). 93/231 (40.3%) meningiomas showed partial trans-osseous extension and 34/231 (14.7%) predominant intra-osseous extension. 59/231 (25.6%) meningioma lesions found on PET/CT had not been reported on previous standard imaging. CONCLUSION This is the first PET/CT study using an 18F-labeled SSTR-ligand in meningioma patients: [18F]SiTATE provides extraordinary contrast in meningioma compared to healthy tissue and non-meningioma lesions, which leads to a high detection rate of so far unknown meningioma sites and osseous involvement. Having in mind the advantageous logistic features of 18F-labeled compared to 68Ga-labeled compounds (e.g., longer half-life and large-badge production), [18F]SiTATE has the potential to foster a widespread use of SSTR-targeted imaging in neuro-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sophie C Kunte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena M Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrien Holzgreve
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Delker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kunz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Winkelmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens C Cyran
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang T, Peng L, Qiu J, He X, Zhang D, Wu R, Liu J, Zhang X, Zha Z. A radiohybrid theranostics ligand labeled with fluorine-18 and lutetium-177 for fibroblast activation protein-targeted imaging and radionuclide therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2331-2341. [PMID: 36864362 PMCID: PMC10250256 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A series of radiotracers targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) with great pharmacokinetics have been developed for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nevertheless, the use of dominant PET tracers, gallium-68-labeled FAPI derivatives, was limited by the short nuclide half-life and production scale, and the therapeutic tracers exhibited rapid clearance and insufficient tumor retention. In this study, we developed a FAP targeting ligand, LuFL, containing organosilicon-based fluoride acceptor (SiFA) and DOTAGA chelator, capable of labeling fluorine-18 and lutetium-177 in one molecular with simple and highly efficient labeling procedure, to achieve cancer theranostics. METHODS The precursor LuFL (20) and [natLu]Lu-LuFL (21) were successfully synthesized and labeled with fluorine-18 and lutetium-177 using a simple procedure. A series of cellular assays were performed to characterize the binding affinity and FAP specificity. PET imaging, SPECT imaging, and biodistribution studies were conducted to evaluate pharmacokinetics in HT-1080-FAP tumor-bearing nude mice. A comparison study of [177Lu]Lu-LuFL ([177Lu]21) and [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 was carried out in HT-1080-FAP xenografts to determine the cancer therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS LuFL (20) and [natLu]Lu-LuFL (21) demonstrated excellent binding affinity towards FAP (IC50: 2.29 ± 1.12 nM and 2.53 ± 1.87 nM), compared to that of FAPI-04 (IC50: 6.69 ± 0.88 nM). In vitro cellular studies showed that 18F-/177Lu-labeled 21 displayed high specific uptake and internalization in HT-1080-FAP cells. Micro-PET, SPECT imaging and biodistribution studies with [18F]/[177Lu]21 revealed higher tumor uptake and longer tumor retention than those of [68 Ga]/[177Lu]Ga/Lu-FAPI-04. The radionuclide therapy studies showed significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth for the [177Lu]21 group, than for the control group and the [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 group. CONCLUSION The novel FAPI-based radiotracer containing SiFA and DOTAGA was developed as a theranostics radiopharmaceutical with simple and short labeling process, and showed promising properties including higher cellular uptake, better FAP binding affinity, higher tumor uptake and prolong retention compared to FAPI-04. Preliminary experiments with 18F- and 177Lu-labeled 21 showed promising tumor imaging properties and favorable anti-tumor efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingjin He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dake Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Renbo Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangsong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Efforts toward PET-Activatable Red-Shifted Silicon Rhodamines and Silicon Pyronine Dyes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030401. [PMID: 36986500 PMCID: PMC10053042 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tracers for bimodal optical imaging and positron emission tomography unite multiple advantages in a single molecule. Their tumor-specific uptake can be visualized after their PET activation by radiofluorination via PET/CT or PET/MRI allowing for staging or therapy planning, while their non-radioactive moiety additionally facilitates the visualization of malignant tissue during intraoperative fluorescence-guided surgery or in histological assessments. The silicon-bridged xanthene core offers the opportunity for radiofluorination with SiFA isotope exchange to obtain a small-molecule, PET-activatable NIR dye that can be linked to different target vectors. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the PET-activation of a fluorinated silicon pyronine, belonging to a class of low-molecular-weight fluorescence dyes with a large Stokes shift (up to 129 nm) and solvent-dependent NIR dye properties, with a successful radiochemical conversion of 70%. The non-fluorinated pyronine precursor is easily accessible by a three-step sequence from commercially starting material with a 12% overall yield. Moreover, a library of seven unusually functionalized (by approximately 15 nm), red-shifted silicon rhodamines were synthesized in three- to four-step sequences and the optical properties of the novel dyes were characterized. It was also shown that the synthesized silicon rhodamine dyes can be easily conjugated by amide bond formation or ‘click-reaction’ approaches.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M, Ma X, Molnar CJ, Wang S, Wu Z, Popik VV, Li Z. Modular PET Agent Construction Strategy through Strain-Promoted Double-Click Reagent with Efficient Photoclick Step. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2088-2096. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manshu Li
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xinrui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher J. Molnar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Shuli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Albumin-Mediated Size Exclusion Chromatography: The Apparent Molecular Weight of PSMA Radioligands as Novel Parameter to Estimate Their Blood Clearance Kinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091161. [PMID: 36145382 PMCID: PMC9500755 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A meticulously adjusted pharmacokinetic profile and especially fine-tuned blood clearance kinetics are key characteristics of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. We, therefore, aimed to develop a method that allowed the estimation of blood clearance kinetics in vitro. For this purpose, 177Lu-labeled PSMA radioligands were subjected to a SEC column with human serum albumin (HSA) dissolved in a mobile phase. The HSA-mediated retention time of each PSMA ligand generated by this novel 'albumin-mediated size exclusion chromatography' (AMSEC) was converted to a ligand-specific apparent molecular weight (MWapp), and a normalization accounting for unspecific interactions between individual radioligands and the SEC column matrix was applied. The resulting normalized MWapp,norm. could serve to estimate the blood clearance of renally excreted radioligands by means of their influence on the highly size-selective process of glomerular filtration (GF). Based on the correlation between MW and the glomerular sieving coefficients (GSCs) of a set of plasma proteins, GSCcalc values were calculated to assess the relative differences in the expected GF/blood clearance kinetics in vivo and to select lead candidates among the evaluated radioligands. Significant differences in the MWapp,norm. and GSCcalc values, even for stereoisomers, were found, indicating that AMSEC might be a valuable and high-resolution tool for the preclinical selection of therapeutic lead compounds for clinical translation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Steffann M, Tisseraud M, Bluet G, Roy S, Aubert C, Fouquet E, Hermange P. Last-step 18F-fluorination of supported 2-(aryl-di- tert-butylsilyl)- N-methyl-imidazole conjugates for applications in positron emission tomography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9140-9143. [PMID: 35894218 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aiming for potential applications in positron emission tomography, fully automated productions of 18F-labelled bioconjugates were achieved using heterogenous precursors obtained by anchoring imidazole-di-tert-butyl-arylsilanes to a polystyrene resin. The reactions were performed using either "batch" or "flow" procedures, avoiding both the time-consuming azeotropic drying and HPLC purifications usually required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Steffann
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France. .,Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Marion Tisseraud
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.
| | - Guillaume Bluet
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sebastien Roy
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Catherine Aubert
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eric Fouquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Hermange
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|