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Sakkal M, Arafat M, Yuvaraju P, Beiram R, AbuRuz S. Preparation and Characterization of Theophylline Controlled Release Matrix System Incorporating Poloxamer 407, Stearyl Alcohol, and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose: A Novel Formulation and Development Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:643. [PMID: 38475326 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theophylline (THN), a bronchodilator with potential applications in emerging conditions like COVID-19, requires a controlled-release delivery system due to its narrow therapeutic range and short half-life. This need is particularly crucial as some existing formulations demonstrate impaired functionality. This study aims to develop a new 12-h controlled-release matrix system (CRMS) in the form of a capsule to optimize dosing intervals. METHODS CRMSs were developed using varying proportions of poloxamer 407 (P-407), stearyl alcohol (STA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) through the fusion technique. Their in vitro dissolution profiles were then compared with an FDA-approved THN drug across different pH media. The candidate formulation underwent characterization using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, a comprehensive stability study was conducted. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that adjusting the concentrations of excipients effectively controlled drug release. Notably, the CRMS formulation 15 (CRMS-F15), which was composed of 30% P-407, 30% STA, and 10% HPMC, closely matched the 12 h controlled-release profile of an FDA-approved drug across various pH media. Characterization techniques verified the successful dispersion of the drug within the matrix. Furthermore, CRMS-F15 maintained a consistent controlled drug release and demonstrated stability under a range of storage conditions. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed CRMS-F15 achieved a 12 h controlled release, comparable to its FDA-approved counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molham Sakkal
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salahdein AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Khan KA, Ahmad A, Marini C, Nicotra M, Di Cerbo A, Fazal-Ur-Rehman, Ullah N, Khan GM. Formulation and Preparation of Losartan-Potassium-Loaded Controlled-Release Matrices Using Ethocel Grade 10 to Establish a Correlation between In Vitro and In Vivo Results. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:186. [PMID: 38399247 PMCID: PMC10893290 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study, matrices of losartan potassium were formulated with two different polymers (Ethocel 10 premium and Ethocel 10FP premium), along with a filler and a lubricant, at different drug-to-polymer w/w ratios (10:3, 10:4, and 10:5). The matrices were tested by the direct compression method, and their hardness, diameter, thickness, friability, weight variation, content uniformity, and in vitro dissolution tests were assessed to determine 24-h drug release rates. The matrices with Ethocel 10 FP at a 10:4 ratio exhibited pseudo-zero-order kinetics (n-value of 0.986), while the dissolution data of the test matrices and reference tablets did not match. The new test-optimized matrices were also tested in rabbits, and their pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated: half-life (11.78 ± 0.018 h), Tmax (2.105 ± 1.131 h), Cmax (205.98 ± 0.321 μg/mL), AUCo (5931.10 ± 1.232 μg·h/mL), AUCo-inf (7348.46 ± 0.234 μg·h/mL), MRTo-48h (17.34 ± 0.184 h), and Cl (0.002 ± 0.134 mL/min). A correlation value of 0.985 between the in vitro and in vivo results observed for the test-optimized matrices was observed, indicating a level-A correlation between the percentage of the drug released in vitro and the percentage of the drug absorbed in vivo. The matrices might improve patient compliance with once-a-day dosing and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ahmad Khan
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan P.O. Box 29050, Pakistan;
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Gulberg Greens Campus, Islamabad P.O. Box 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Carlotta Marini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (C.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Mario Nicotra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (C.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (C.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Fazal-Ur-Rehman
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan P.O. Box 29050, Pakistan;
| | - Naveed Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi P.O. Box 23430, Pakistan;
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Islamia College University, Peshawar P.O. Box 25120, Pakistan;
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Arafat M, Sakkal M, Bostanudin MF, Alhanbali OA, Yuvaraju P, Beiram R, Sadek B, Akour A, AbuRuz S. Enteric-coating film effect on the delayed drug release of pantoprazole gastro-resistant generic tablets. F1000Res 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 38596002 PMCID: PMC11002526 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140607.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Enteric coating films in acidic labile tablets protect the drug molecule from the acidic environment of the stomach. However, variations in the excipients used in the coating formulation may affect their ability to provide adequate protection. This study is the first to investigate the potential effects of coating materials on the protective functionality of enteric coating films for pantoprazole (PNZ) generic tablets after their recall from the market. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted between generic and branded PNZ products, using pure drug powder for identification. The in vitro release of the drug was evaluated in different pH media. The study also utilized various analytical and thermal techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and confocal Raman microscopy. Results: The in vitro assessment results revealed significant variations in the release profile for the generic product in acidic media at 120 min. DSC and TGA thermal profile analyses showed slight variation between the two products. XRD analysis exhibited a noticeable difference in peak intensity for the generic sample, while SEM revealed smaller particle sizes in the generic product. The obtained spectra profile for the generic product displayed significant variation in peaks and band intensity, possibly due to impurities. These findings suggest that the excipients used in the enteric coating film of the generic product may have affected its protective functionality, leading to premature drug release in acidic media. Additionally, the presence of polysorbate 80 (P-80) in the brand product might improve the properties of the enteric coating film due to its multi-functionality. Conclusions: In conclusion, the excipients used in the brand product demonstrated superior functionality in effectively protecting the drug molecule from acidic media through the enteric coating film, as compared to the generic version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Molham Sakkal
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Othman Abdulrahim Alhanbali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salahdein AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Amman Governorate, 11942, Jordan
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Arafat M, Sakkal M, Yuvaraju P, Esmaeil A, Poulose V, Aburuz S. Effect of Excipients on the Quality of Drug Formulation and Immediate Release of Generic Metformin HCl Tablets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040539. [PMID: 37111296 PMCID: PMC10146418 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Generic medications are bioequivalent to brand-name medications, but the quality and purity of generic medications are still debatable. The aim of this study was to compare the generic product of metformin (MET) to its branded counterpart using pure MET powder as a reference. Quality control tablet assessment and in vitro evaluation of drug release were carried out in various pH media. Additionally, several analytical methods and thermal techniques were used, namely differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and confocal Raman microscopy. The results showed a significant difference between the two products. In terms of friability assessment, mean resistance force, and tablet disintegration, the generic MET product showed significant weight loss, higher mean resistance force, longer disintegration time, and a slower rate of drug release. In addition, DSC and TGA showed that the generic product had the lowest melting point and the least weight loss compared to the branded product and pure powder. XRD and SEM demonstrated some changes in the crystallinity structure of the molecule particles for the generic product. Additionally, FTIR and confocal Raman revealed the same peaks and band shifts in all samples, but with differences in the intensity for the generic tablet only. The observed differences could be due to the use of different excipients in the generic product. The possibility of forming a eutectic mixture between the polymeric excipient and metformin in the generic tablet was presumed, which might be attributed to alterations in the physicochemical properties of the drug molecule in the generic product. In conclusion, using different excipients might have a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of drugs in generic formulations, leading to significant changes in drug release behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Molham Sakkal
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anna Esmaeil
- Pharmalink and Medicina Group of Pharmacies, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 41412, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijo Poulose
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salahdein Aburuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Bostanudin MF, Arafat M, Tan SF, Sarker MZI. Investigations of pectin nanostructures for enhanced percutaneous delivery of fusidic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F. Bostanudin
- College of Pharmacy Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Suk Fei Tan
- School of Pharmacy Management and Science University Shah Alam Malaysia
| | - Md Zaidul I. Sarker
- Cooperative Research, Extension & Education Northern Marianas College Saipan Northern Mariana Islands USA
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